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piroxicam suppositories (Riacen)

✓ Approved

Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A. · PTGS1 · Small Molecule

What is piroxicam suppositories?

piroxicam suppositories is a small molecule developed by Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A.. It is approved for therapeutic indications via rectal.

Drug Profile

Brand NamesRiacen
CompanyChiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A.
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
Molecular TargetPTGS1, PTGS2
RouteRectal
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A.

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

piroxicam suppositories acts on 2 molecular targets:

PTGS1prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (COX3, PCOX1)
PTGS2prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (GRIPGHS, hCox-2)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

piroxicam suppositories is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Hepatobiliary disordersHepatitis✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedEndocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets2026-07-16

Protective Effects of Geraniol in Rheumatoid Arthritis Through Attenuation of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress.

Ejaz Rubab R, Shabbir Arham A, Khateeb Zainab Z, Fatima Tabinda T et al.

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the joints. Geraniol, an acyclic monoterpene alcohol, is present in essential oils of various plants and is known to possess anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant properties. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of geraniol on the development of arthritis in a Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA)-induced rat model using a pretreatment (pre-induction) design. Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley rats (100-200 g) of either sex were randomly allocated to six experimental groups using a lottery method: normal control group, arthritic disease control group (FCA 0.15 ml, intradermal), geraniol-treated groups (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, oral gavage), and standard control group (piroxicam-beta-cyclodextrin 10 mg/kg). Development of arthritis, paw thickness, and paw edema were determined periodically. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was performed to examine the histopathological alterations in ankle joints. On day 21, blood samples were collected for hematological evaluations; mRNA expression levels and antioxidant activities of biomarkers were determined using qRT-PCR and spectrophotometric analysis, respectively. Geraniol pretreatment was associated with reduced arthritic scores, paw edema, and joint thickness compared with the disease control group. Pretreatment with geraniol attenuated alterations in hematological parameters, reduced MDA levels, and improved antioxidant activity by increasing GSH, SOD, and CAT levels. Additionally, it downregulated the expression levels of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) compared with the disease control group. Administration of geraniol resulted in the reduction of inflammatory parameters, hematological parameters, and prooxidant markers, and downregulated IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and hypoxia- inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) associated with rheumatoid arthritis, while increasing antioxidant markers. Geraniol pretreatment was associated with reduced severity of arthritis, lower inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression, and improved oxidative stress markers in an FCA-induced rat model. These findings reflect effects on disease development in a pretreatment (pre-induction) experimental model and do not represent therapeutic efficacy in established rheumatoid arthritis. Further studies using post-induction treatment designs are required to evaluate potential therapeutic relevance.

PMID 42459071
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PubMedScientific reports2026-07-14

Puji Zhichuang suppositories alleviate acetic acid-induced hemorrhoid-like anorectal inflammation model may involve reduced the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.

Yang Min M, Liang Hongbao H, Li Jian J, Shi Lei L et al.

Hemorrhoids are commonly associated with inflammatory manifestations. Puji Zhichuang suppositories (PJZC) have been widely applied in the treatment of hemorrhoids; however, their underlying therapeutic mechanisms remain insufficiently understood. Therefore, this study investigated the mechanisms of PJZC in inflammatory hemorrhoids using network pharmacology, 16 S rDNA sequencing, and fecal metabolomics analyses. First, the anti-inflammatory effects of PJZC were validated by evaluating perianal diameter, anorectal coefficient, TNF-α and IL-6 levels, intestinal barrier integrity, and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Subsequent multi-omics analyses demonstrated that PJZC exert anti-inflammatory effects may involve reduced PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, gut microbiota composition and metabolic profiles. Finally, molecular docking analysis predicted that the core targets and active ingredients may be closely related to ITGB1, EGFR, and bile acids.

PMID 42443290
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PubMedScientific reports2026-07-10

Exposomic fingerprints of emerging contaminants in a mediterranean multi-by‑product dietary supplement: a preliminary study.

Toledo-Gil Rosa R, Gonzalez-Garcia Angela A, Crupi Pasquale P, Yuste-Jiménez Jose Enrique JE et al.

The increasing use of reclaimed water in Mediterranean agriculture, together with the valorization of agro-industrial by-products, has created new scenarios for potential contaminant transfer into food-derived products. Plant-based dietary supplements constitute a distinctive exposure niche because plant materials may accumulate environmental contaminants during cultivation, while downstream processing can concentrate both bioactive compounds and xenobiotics. In this preliminary case study, a targeted UHPLC-MS/MS approach was applied to BIOMEDER, a Mediterranean multi-by-product dietary supplement formulated from plant materials cultivated under conditions that included reclaimed-water irrigation, to investigate the occurrence of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs). Pharmaceuticals, pesticides, cyanotoxins, bisphenols, and a lifestyle-related marker were simultaneously evaluated. Twenty-four pharmaceuticals (Σ = 167.8 ± 5.1 ng g-1), sixteen pesticides (Σ = 358.0 ± 0.8 ng g-1), caffeine (49.5 ± 0.2 ng g-1), and four cyanotoxins (Σ = 0.8 ± 0.0 ng g-1) were detected, whereas bisphenols were not detected above the method detection limits. Screening-level daily intake estimates, calculated assuming a supplement consumption scenario of 1 g day-1, indicated higher body-weight-normalized exposure for children (25 kg body weight) than adults (70 kg body weight). Pesticides represented the dominant contaminant class, with phosmet, fluazinam, and chlorantraniliprole contributing most to the overall burden, while piroxicam and diclofenac were the principal pharmaceutical residues. Although the detected concentrations were low, the simultaneous occurrence of multiple contaminant classes highlights the relevance of mixture-based exposure assessment for plant-derived supplements. Because the study was conducted on a single supplement formulation, the results should be interpreted as a proof-of-concept dataset rather than as representative of plant-based supplements in general. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting the concurrent occurrence of pharmaceuticals, pesticides, cyanotoxins, and a lifestyle-related chemical marker in a Mediterranean agro-industrial by-product dietary supplement, providing a baseline for future exposomic investigations and the development of monitoring strategies within a One Health framework.

PMID 42426340
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PubMedBiomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie2026-07-09

Effect of electron beam irradiation of piroxicam on inhibiting the inflammatory response in LPS-stimulated BMDCs and sepsis-induced mouse models.

Yoo Bo-Gyeong BG, Jeong Gyeong Han GH, Song Ha-Yeon HY, Lee Yuna Y et al.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as piroxicam (PX), are widely used but are limited by gastrointestinal and hepatic toxicity. Electron beam (e-beam) irradiation can induce structural diversification of small molecules, potentially generating derivatives with altered pharmacological profiles. We investigated the biological activities of e-beam-irradiated piroxicam (PX-EB) and two purified derivatives-Radioxicam-1 (Rdx-1) and Radioxicam-2 (Rdx-2). High-performance liquid chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance, and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry analyses supported the formation and structural assignment of Rdx-1 and Rdx-2 as PX-derived radiolytic products. In bone marrow-derived dendritic cells, PX, PX-EB, Rdx-1, and Rdx-2 exhibited no significant cytotoxicity at concentrations up to 25 μM. Rdx-1 and Rdx-2 significantly suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokine (tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-12) production more strongly than intact PX. Rdx-1 and Rdx-2 also reduced nitric oxide production. Mechanistically, they preferentially modulated COX-2 and decreased prostaglandin E2 secretion, while showing limited effects on constitutive COX-1; they also influenced selected inflammatory signaling pathways including p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases phosphorylation and nuclear factor-κB accumulation. In a lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis model, PX-EB showed mediator-specific systemic anti-inflammatory activity and a relatively favorable hepatic biochemical profile, compared with PX. Collectively, these findings suggest that e-beam irradiation generates structurally distinct PX-derived radiolytic products with selective immunomodulatory activities, supporting further investigation of irradiation-based structural modification as a strategy to expand the pharmacological utility of existing NSAID.

PMID 42419197
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PubMedFrontiers in microbiology2026-07-09

A standardized fecal microbiota transplantation protocol enables consistent, microbiota-driven colitis in IL-10-deficient mice.

Kaur Prabhdeep P, Rivera-Nieves Jesús J

Gut microbiota dysbiosis is a central feature of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), yet experimental systems that enable controlled investigation of microbiota-driven inflammation remain limited. In interleukin-10-deficient (Il10-/-) mice, intestinal inflammation is strictly dependent on the presence of commensal microbiota; however, disease onset and severity are highly variable, reflecting differences in microbial composition across environments. To overcome this limitation, pharmacologic approaches such as piroxicam administration have been widely used to synchronize disease, but these methods introduce epithelial injury and non-microbiota-dependent inflammatory pathways that confound mechanistic interpretation. Here, we describe a standardized fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) protocol that enables controlled microbiota-driven induction of colitis in Il10-/- recipient mice without the use of chemical triggers. In this model, recipient mice aged 8-10 weeks receive fecal microbiota via oral gavage from either colitic Il10-/-; Itgb7-/- double knockout (DKO) donor mice or non-colitic young Il10-/- controls. The DKO donors exhibit impaired mucosal immune regulation and reduced IgA responses, features associated with the emergence of a colitogenic microbial community. Repeated FMT administration over 9 weeks promotes uniform disease induction and reduces variability in disease kinetics across experimental cohorts. Importantly, this approach preserves microbiota-driven disease mechanisms while improving experimental consistency compared with conventional spontaneous Il10-/- models and avoids the confounding effects of pharmacologic synchronization. The protocol is compatible with downstream histological, immunological, and microbiome analyses and provides a practical platform for investigating host-microbiota interactions and microbiome-targeted therapeutic strategies in IBD.

PMID 42422736
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PubMedUrologiia (Moscow, Russia : 1999)2026-07-08

[Evaluation of the efficiency of two-stage therapy with Vitaprost (suppositories tablets) in patients with chronic prostatitis and lower urinary tract symptoms after failure of previous therapy: results of a prospective non-interventional real-world study (LEVITATE)].

Pushkar D Yu Y, Bernikov A N N, Shvedov A M M, Dubov S V V

To evaluate the clinical efficiency and safety of a two-stage treatment regimen with Vitaprost (rectal suppositories followed by change to the tablet form) in patients with chronic prostatitis (CP) and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) after failure of previous therapy in real-world clinical practice. A prospective non-interventional study, LEVITATE (Long-term Evidence for VITAprost in Treatment of prostatE diseases), was carried out. The analysis included 30 men with CP and LUTS (mean age 36.1+/-4.6 years) after ineffective previous therapy. Patients received Vitaprost suppositories for 30 days followed by 30 days of tablet therapy. Patients were also followed for 90 days. Assessments were performed at four visits using the NIH-CPSI, IPSS, and SF-36 questionnaires, transrectal ultrasound, and uroflowmetry. Statistical analysis was performed using the Friedman test. The total NIH-CPSI score decreased from 12.8+/-1.3 to 8.6+/-0.9 (4.2; p<0.0001). Improvement in prostate structure on transrectal ultrasound was observed in most patients; the proportion of fibrotic changes decreased from 46.7% to 16.7%. Prostate size decreased from 26.1+/-8.4 to 24.1+/-6.8 mm (-2,0; p<0.0001). Improvement in voiding parameters and quality of life was also noted. No adverse events were recorded. Two-stage therapy with Vitaprost is effective in patients with CP and LUTS after failure of previous treatment, providing a significant reduction in symptoms, improvement in the morphological and functional state of the prostate and voiding parameters, with high adherence and a favorable safety profile.

PMID 42417302
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