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propafenone hydrochloride (propafenone, SR / propafenone SR / Rythmol SR)

✓ Approved

GSK · SCN5A · Small Molecule

What is propafenone hydrochloride?

propafenone hydrochloride is a small molecule developed by GSK. It is approved for therapeutic indications via oral (po).

Drug Profile

Brand Namespropafenone, SR, propafenone SR, Rythmol SR
CompanyGSK
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
Molecular TargetSCN5A
RouteOral (PO)
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, GSK

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

propafenone hydrochloride acts on 1 molecular target:

SCN5Asodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 5 (CMD1E, SSS1)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

propafenone hydrochloride is developed for 2 unique indications across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Cardiac disordersAtrial fibrillation✓ Approved
Cardiac disordersVentricular fibrillation✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedNeuromolecular medicine2026-08-30

AMBMP Hydrochloride Reverses STZ-Induced Alzheimer-Type Dementia Associated with Wnt/β-catenin/TLR4 Signaling.

Kalra Palak P, Chaturvedi Deepak D, Kumar Amit A, Grewal Amarjot Kaur AK et al.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disorder with progressive cognitive decline and neuronal loss. This study investigated the neuroprotective effects of AMBMP Hydrochloride, a Wnt/β-catenin agonist, in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced mice model of AD, elucidating the interplay between dysregulated Wnt/β-catenin signaling and Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated inflammation, with Palmitic acid used as a TLR4 pathway modulator. Mice received bilateral intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injections of STZ (3 mg/kg) on Day 1 and Day 3, followed by administration of Donepezil (3 mg/kg)/ AMBMP Hydrochloride (5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg)/Palmitic acid (TLR4 agonist, 20 mg/kg) via the intraperitoneal (i.p.) route from Day 4 to Day 22. STZ-treated mice exhibited significant cognitive dysfunction, characterized by impaired performance in the Morris Water Maze (MWM) task along with increase in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, oxidative stress (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; TBARS), neuroinflammation [tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)/Interleukin-6 (IL-6)/Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)] and decreased reduced glutathione (GSH) levels. However, AMBMP Hydrochloride significantly improved behavioral and biochemical alterations possibly through modulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and attenuation of TLR4-mediated inflammation. Interestingly, Palmitic acid co-treatment was found to counteract these protective effects, further pointing to a role of TLR4 in the pharmacological effect of AMBMP Hydrochloride. In summary, we confirmed that AMBMP Hydrochloride exhibits potent neuroprotective effects associated with modulating Wnt/β-catenin/TLR4 signaling, offering a promising therapeutic approach against Alzheimer-Type Dementia. Future studies should delve deeper into the molecular mechanisms and translational promise of AMBMP hydrochloride, paving the way for its development as a potential candidate for AD management.

PMID 42668333
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PubMedEuropean archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience2026-08-30

Untargeted plasma metabolomics identifies metabolite signatures associated with suicidality status in chronic schizophrenia.

Wang Lijun L, Lu Chenghao C, Sun Xiaochun X, Sun Wenjie W et al.

Suicide contributes substantially to mortality in schizophrenia, yet metabolic signatures associated with suicidality remain poorly understood. We applied untargeted plasma metabolomics with multivariate modeling to identify plasma metabolic signatures associated with suicidality status and clinical features. We enrolled 146 frequency-matched psychiatric inpatients with chronic schizophrenia: 73 in the suicide-risk (SR) group, defined by current suicidal ideation or suicidal behavior/attempt history at admission, and 73 in the non-suicide-risk (NSR) group. Plasma samples underwent untargeted metabolomic profiling. Discriminating metabolites were identified using orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and Benjamini-Hochberg-adjusted Mann-Whitney U testing (variable importance in projection [VIP] >1.0 and adjusted p <0.05). Stepwise logistic regression with forced clinical covariates generated an exploratory metabolite-based classification model, and Spearman correlations examined associations with Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) scores. OPLS-DA identified 70 discriminating metabolites (R2Y = 0.938, Q2Y = 0.650), with nominal enrichment of lysine degradation, glutathione metabolism, phenylalanine/tyrosine/tryptophan biosynthesis, and sphingolipid metabolism. Stepwise regression retained six metabolites associated with SR status (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.774): Sphingosine, 3-OH-TML, Ile-Leu+Leu-Ile, TML, Taurine, and 12-HETE. Gamma-Glu-Thr showed the highest VIP (5.003) and broad clinical correlations. Plasma metabolic differences involving sphingolipid, lysine/carnitine, neuroinflammatory, amino-acid, and glutathione-related pathways were associated with suicidality status in chronic schizophrenia. These exploratory cross-sectional findings require validation in larger longitudinal cohorts using dedicated suicidality assessments.

PMID 42669098
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PubMedPakistan journal of medical sciences2026-08-30

Efficacy of Bromhexine hydrochloride combined with bronchoalveolar lavage under fiberoptic bronchoscopy in the treatment of mild to moderate community-acquired pneumonia.

Hu Feiyan F, Lin Li L, Lv Feijing F, Xu Yanan Y et al.

To evaluate the clinical efficacy of bromhexine hydrochloride (BRH) combined with fiberoptic bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) under fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) in the treatment of patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). This retrospective cohort study included clinical data from 126 patients with mild-to-moderate CAP treated at Yongkang First People's Hospital from March 2023 to March 2025. Of them, patients treated with BRH alone (BRH group, n=63) were matched 1:1 to a cohort treated with BRH combined with fiberoptic bronchoscopic BAL under FOB (BRH & BAL group, n=63). The primary outcome was clinical efficacy. Secondary outcomes included clinical symptoms, levels of inflammatory factors, and incidence of adverse reactions. After treatment, the efficacy of the BRH & BAL group (95.2%) was significantly higher than that of the BRH group (84.1%) (P<0.05). Post-treatment duration of fever, time to cough relief, time to resolution of pulmonary rales, and hospital length of stay in the BRH & BAL group were all shorter than those in the BRH group (P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of IL-6, CRP, and PCT in both groups were considerably lower than pre-treatment and significantly lower in the BRH & BAL group than in the BRH group (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P>0.05). BRH combined with BAL under FOB for the treatment of mild-to-moderate CAP is associated with improved therapeutic efficacy, alleviation of clinical symptoms, reduction of the inflammatory response, and good safety.

PMID 42668875
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PubMedClinical & experimental optometry2026-08-30

Clinical validation of a multifunction ocular biometer in children.

Lin Rui R, Li Yong Y, Yang Yong Y, Qian Chaoxu C

Reliable ocular biometry and refraction measurements are essential for monitoring paediatric myopia in routine practice and school screening. Integrated instruments may improve clinical workflow, but measurement differences between devices can influence longitudinal interpretation. Accurate assessment of biometric and refractive parameters is essential for paediatric myopia management. The aim was to evaluate the agreement and repeatability of a multifunctional ocular biometer, the SW-9000ARK, compared with established instruments for ocular biometry and refraction. This prospective cross-sectional study included 361 children (mean age 10.7 ± 2.5 years; 49.0% girls). All subjects underwent non-cycloplegic measurements with the SW-9000ARK, IOLMaster 700, and Topcon KR-800 in random order, followed by subjective refraction (SR). Agreement was assessed using Bland-Altman analysis. Repeatability in 211 right eyes was assessed using within-subject standard deviation, test-retest repeatability, coefficient of variation and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The SW-9000ARK showed excellent agreement with the IOLMaster 700 for axial length (mean difference -0.01 mm; 95% LoA -0.08 to +0.05 mm), central corneal thickness (+5.19 µm; 95% LoA -9.57 to +19.96 µm), anterior chamber depth (-0.03 mm; 95% LoA -0.11 to +0.05 mm), lens thickness, and keratometry, with ICC values ≥ 0.96. Spherical equivalent exhibited strong agreement with the Topcon KR-800 (+0.08D; 95% LoA -0.65 to +0.81D) and SR (+0.35D; 95% LoA -0.43 to +1.13D). Repeatability was high across all parameters (Sw = 0.018 mm for AL; ICC ≥0.94). The SW-9000ARK provides highly agreeable and repeatable measurements of ocular biometry and non-cycloplegic refraction in paediatric ametropia, supporting its use as a reliable single-platform tool for myopia management and large-scale screening.

PMID 42669424
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PubMedMedical mycology journal2026-08-30

A Case of Kerion Celsi due to Trichophyton rubrum Successfully Treated with Fosravuconazole.

Une Chisato C, Ikutama Risa R, Kano Rui R, Kimura Utako U et al.

A male in his seventies presented with multiple erythematous follicular papules on the back, followed by lesions in the occipital region and posterior neck. Fungal examination revealed kerion celsi caused by Trichophyton rubrum. The patient was treated with fosravuconazole 100 mg/day for 8 weeks, and the brush method was negative 1 month later. The oral antifungal medicines approved for treatment of tinea capitis in Japan are limited to itraconazole and terbinafine hydrochloride. However, itraconazole has many contraindicated drugs, and antifungal resistance has recently become a major concern.As the challenge of drug-resistant fungi is expected to become more significant in the future, the clinical benefits of using fosravuconazole L-lysine ethanolate (F-RVCZ) for treating kerion celsi may increase. Our experience suggests that F-RVCZ could be a valuable therapeutic option.

PMID 42669480
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PubMedInternational journal of biological macromolecules2026-08-30

Targeted delivery of antimicrobial peptide LL-37 via ferritin fusion improves antibacterial and anti-inflammatory outcomes in a murine sepsis model.

Pan Wangyao W, Tian Changhao C, Ding Yang Y, Pei Zejun Z et al.

The antimicrobial peptide LL-37 holds considerable therapeutic potential for treating infection and inflammation; however, its clinical application is often limited by poor stability, susceptibility to proteolytic degradation, and insufficient targeting capability. In this study, we engineered a targeted fusion protein (designated as FL) based on ferritin light chain (FTL) by genetically fusing the LL-37 peptide to the C-terminus of FTL, thereby markedly enhancing the structural stability and proteolytic resistance of LL-37. This design further exploits the specific recognition of FTL by scavenger receptor A (SR-A), which is highly expressed on the macrophage surface, to achieve targeted delivery to inflammatory lesions. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that FL not only retained the antimicrobial activity of LL-37, but also exhibited certain anti-inflammatory capacity. In a murine sepsis model, FL exerted superior antibacterial and anti-inflammatory efficacy compared with free LL-37, and partially alleviated structural and functional damage in multiple organs. Moreover, safety evaluations confirmed that FL showed no significant hemolytic activity, immunogenicity or tissue toxicity, indicating good biocompatibility. This study presents a novel protein formulation that integrates enhanced stability, inflammation-targeting capability, and multiple biological activities, thereby providing a promising translational candidate strategy for the precise treatment of infection- and inflammation-related diseases.

PMID 42669340
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