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CA

calcium carbonate (Cimascal / Cimascal D Forte)

✓ Approved

CPEX Pharmaceuticals, Inc. · VDR

What is calcium carbonate?

calcium carbonate is a therapeutic agent developed by CPEX Pharmaceuticals, Inc.. It is approved for therapeutic indications via oral (po).

Drug Profile

Brand NamesCimascal, Cimascal D Forte
CompanyCPEX Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Molecular TargetVDR
RouteOral (PO)
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, CPEX Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

calcium carbonate acts on 1 molecular target:

VDRvitamin D receptor (NR1I1, PPP1R163)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

calcium carbonate is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disordersOsteoporosis✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedFood science & nutrition2026-10-15

Effect of Alkalization With Potassium Carbonate and Ammonium Bicarbonate on the Chemical and Physical Properties of Cocoa Butter: A Factorial and Central Composite Design Approach.

Sadeghzadeh Afghan A, Taghinezhad Maryam M, Pirsa Sajad S

This study investigated the effects of cocoa butter alkalization using potassium carbonate and ammonium bicarbonate (0%-6%) on acidity, peroxide value, iodine value, saponification value, moisture content, slip melting point, pH, and lead content. A factorial design and central composite design (CCD) were employed. The highest peroxide value (0.1 meq O2/kg) was observed in samples containing 3% potassium carbonate +3% ammonium bicarbonate and 6% potassium carbonate +6% ammonium bicarbonate. The highest acidity was related to the control sample (1.77), while the lowest was found in the sample with 6% of both alkalis (0.77). The control sample also showed the lowest saponification value (189.61 mg KOH/g fat), whereas the highest was recorded for the 6% + 6% sample (199.04 mg KOH/g fat). The highest iodine value (35.91 g I2/100 g fat) belonged to the 6% + 6% sample, and the lowest (32.42 g I2/100 g fat) to the sample containing 6% ammonium bicarbonate alone. Minimum moisture content (0.053%) was observed in the sample with 6% potassium carbonate +3% ammonium bicarbonate, and maximum (0.077%) in the sample with 3% + 3%. The lowest pH (5.05) was for the control, and the highest (9.87) for the 6% + 6% sample. The highest slip melting point (30.23°C) was recorded for the control, and the lowest (26°C) for the sample with 3% potassium carbonate +6% ammonium bicarbonate. All samples complied with Iranian national standards for lead content. The results indicated that 3% potassium carbonate alone, 3% ammonium bicarbonate alone, and 3% potassium carbonate +6% ammonium bicarbonate are suitable for cocoa alkalization. Finally, mathematical models were developed using response surface methodology to establish quantitative relationships between the chemical properties of cocoa butter and the concentrations of the alkaline agents, enabling the achievement of desired product characteristics.

PMID 42876929
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PubMedFrontiers in medicine2026-10-15

Partial attenuated PTH suppression of calcimimetics may be due to the resulting hypocalcemia or a significant decrease in serum calcium levels within the normal reference range without adequate calcium supplementation.

Kong De-Ru DR, Kong De-Ya DY, Mu Li-Yuan LY, Qu Xiu-Quan XQ et al.

Certain dialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) show partial insensitivity to calcimimetics. These agents are allosteric activators of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) and enhance their sensitivity to extracellular calcium, thereby inhibiting parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion and eliciting a decrease in serum calcium levels. We hypothesize that the partial attenuated PTH suppression of calcimimetics may be due to the resulting hypocalcemia or a significant decrease in serum calcium levels within the normal range without adequate calcium supplementation. Effective suppression of PTH by calcimimetics inevitably lowers serum calcium levels, which may be further aggravated by ongoing bone mineralization following PTH suppression. This hypocalcemic state or decreased extracellular ionized calcium, if not adequately corrected, acts as a strong trigger for excessive PTH secretion through reducing CaSR activation and stimulating parathyroid chief cells and causing hypertrophy and hyperplasia of parathyroid glands, and then establishing a counter-regulatory feedback circuit that diminishes the therapeutic effect of calcimimetics. High incidence of hypocalcemia, observed in clinical trials of calcimimetics, also bolsters the validity of this hypothesis. Such adverse outcomes may be partially alleviated by timely and adequate calcium and vitamin D supplementation.

PMID 42876689
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PubMedJournal of the science of food and agriculture2026-10-15

Cerasus humilis proanthocyanidins alleviate osteoporosis by regulating renal calcium metabolism.

Li Xinran X, Shu Yanxia Y, Yu Chao C, Feng Weiran W et al.

Postmenopausal osteoporosis is associated with disturbed calcium homeostasis and renal calcium handling. Although Cerasus humilis proanthocyanidins (PA) show anti-osteoporotic activity, their effects on renal calcium metabolism remain unclear. We hypothesized that C. humilis PA could alleviate ovariectomy (OVX)-induced bone loss by improving renal calcium reabsorption. Compared with untreated OVX rats, 12 weeks of PA treatment increased bone mineral density from 125.5 to 232.8 mg cm-3 and improved trabecular microarchitecture (P < 0.05). PA reduced β-C-terminal telopeptide and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-5b levels, increased bone-specific alkaline phosphatase levels, decreased 24 h urinary calcium excretion, and increased apparent calcium absorption from 50.4% to 87.8% (all P < 0.05). Renal histopathological alterations were attenuated, with increased renal bone morphogenetic protein-7 and urinary Klotho levels and decreased serum fibroblast growth factor 23 levels. Renal protein expression of transient receptor potential vanilloid 5 (TRPV5) and Calbindin-D28k increased by 53.0% and 45.6%, respectively (P < 0.05), with corresponding mRNA upregulation. C. humilis PA alleviated OVX-induced bone loss and calcium metabolic disturbances. The effects were associated with reduced urinary calcium loss and increased renal TRPV5 and Calbindin-D28k expression. Renal calcium handling may therefore contribute to the anti-osteoporotic effect of C. humilis PA in OVX rats, and the potential as a dietary ingredient for bone health warrants further investigation. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.

PMID 42875697
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PubMedEuropean psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists2026-10-15

Shared genetic architecture between premenstrual disorder symptoms and major psychiatric disorders suggests a role for calcium signaling.

Jaholkowski Piotr P, Hysaj Elgeta E, Parker Nadine N, Wiström Erik David ED et al.

Major psychiatric disorders (MPDs) and premenstrual disorders (PMDs) are often comorbid, with indications of shared genetic architecture. However, the specific genetic variants underlying this comorbidity remain elusive. The aim of this study was to identify genomic loci shared between MPDs and PMDs, and to assess the functional characteristics of genes mapped to these loci. We used genome-wide association data for symptoms of PMDs (S-PMD, n = 67 068) from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), and for MPDs (schizophrenia, n = 130 644; bipolar disorder, n = 827 335; major depression, n = 1 918 432) from the Psychiatric Genomic Consortium. Shared genetic loci were identified with the conjunctional false discovery rate (conjFDR). Genes mapped to the identified loci were included in functional and pharmacological gene-set enrichment analyses (GSEAs). We identified 20 loci shared between S-PMD and the MPDs, including 19 novel loci for S-PMD (conjFDR<0.05). GSEA revealed genes involved in calcium signaling and neuronal projection pathways. The drug enrichment analysis identified 36 drugs, including riluzole and mianserin, significantly associated with the identified molecular pathways. We identified 20 genetic loci shared between the S-PMD and MPDs, implicating calcium transmission in the pathogenesis of PMDs. Together with the drug enrichment results, this provides a biological basis for repurposing existing drugs in the treatment of PMD.

PMID 42876217
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PubMedNature2026-10-15

Evidence for multi-Li+ clustering in lithium-ion battery electrolytes.

Stevenson James M JM, Agarwal Garvit G, Debnath Sibali S, Goldsmith Zachary K ZK et al.

In lithium-ion batteries, the bulk solvation structure of the electrolyte is a major determinant of the physical and electrochemical properties of the cell, for example, conductivity, viscosity, salt dissociation and subsequent reactivity, the electrochemical stability window (and thus solid electrolyte interphase formation), and the composition of the electrochemical double layer1-3. However, elucidation of this structure at an atomic level of detail has been challenging to accomplish via a purely experimental approach. Here we combine machine-learning-enabled atomistic simulations4-16, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, electrochemical data3,17-20 and quantum-chemical calculations to reveal previously unstudied multi-Li+ complexes without bound anions that are uniquely facile for reduction. This insight explains the success of empirically chosen ethylene-carbonate-containing solvent mixtures and provides a foundation for the rational design of improved electrolytes. Furthermore, our machine-learning force-field-based lithium-ion-battery electrolyte simulations accurately reproduce a wide range of condensed-phase experiments3,21-24, despite being parameterized to only quantum-chemical gas-phase cluster calculations, and hence provide a compelling demonstration that machine-learning force-field-based models developed from first principles can robustly represent a complex chemical system to atomic resolution.

PMID 42875568
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PubMedAustralian endodontic journal : the journal of the Australian Society of Endodontology Inc2026-10-15

Hydraulic Calcium Silicate Cement-Root Dentine Interfacial Layer.

Lee Yoon Seon YS, Heo Soojin S, Perinpanayagam Hiran H, Gu Yu Y et al.

Understanding the interfacial layer (IFL) between hydraulic calcium silicate cements (CSCs) and root dentine is essential for optimising CSC performance and developing next-generation biomaterials. This scholarly review summarises current evidence on IFL composition, formation, structure, and clinical significance. An electronic search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus identified relevant studies using 15 keywords, including 'interfacial layer.' A total of 115 articles were classified into three areas: CSC hydration, IFL formation and structure, and clinical implications. Evidence indicates that the IFL forms through hydration-driven reactions and intratubular mineralisation, creating mechanical interlocking and chemical bonding that improve interfacial integrity and sealing ability. These interactions may reinforce dentine, reduce microleakage, and maintain antibacterial activity against intracanal microorganisms, thereby enhancing endodontic outcomes. Further well-designed studies are needed to clarify the IFL's long-term behaviour under clinical conditions and optimise interfacial stability while preserving dentine integrity.

PMID 42875935
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