Drug Database
ES

estradiol (E2III)

✓ Approved

Johnson & Johnson Services, Inc. · ESR1 · Small Molecule

What is estradiol?

estradiol is a small molecule developed by Johnson & Johnson Services, Inc.. It is approved for therapeutic indications via transdermal.

Drug Profile

Brand NamesE2III
CompanyJohnson & Johnson Services, Inc.
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
Molecular TargetESR1
RouteTransdermal
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Johnson & Johnson Services, Inc.

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

estradiol acts on 1 molecular target:

ESR1estrogen receptor 1 (ER, ESR)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

estradiol is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Surgical and medical proceduresHormone replacement therapy✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedNational science review2026-08-30

Tetraboron MR framework with ortho-B-π-B pattern enables high-efficiency yellow narrowband OLEDs.

Zhang Shuqi S, Yang Yongliu Y, Cheng Zhangli Z, Zhang Tongyuan T et al.

Multiple resonance (MR) frameworks with ortho-boron-π-boron (B-π-B) patterns are promising alternatives to those with para-B-π-B ones for realizing bathochromic narrowband emission, but such cases have been rarely reported, and suffer from significant synthetic challenges. Here, a novel tetraboron MR framework ICZ4B incorporating an ortho-B-π-B pattern was constructed by using indolo[2,3-c]carbazole as the central building block. The well-defined borylation active sites facilitate an efficient one-shot quadruple borylation. ICZ4B not only exhibits bright yellow emission with a small full width at half maximum of 24 nm, but also achieves an improved reverse intersystem crossing rate of 4.7 × 104 s-1. The non-sensitized device realizes an outstanding external quantum efficiency of 36.5%, representing one of the highest results at long wavelengths. This study not only presents a feasible pathway for realizing MR frameworks with ortho-B-π-B patterns via delicate selection of key precursors, but also offers insights for optimizing synthetic strategies for complex MR frameworks.

PMID 42668809
Read full article →
PubMedDrug and alcohol dependence reports2026-08-30

Exploring hormonal influences on nicotine craving and use across the perinatal period: A prospective longitudinal study.

Allen Alicia M AM, Baurley James J, Linde-Krieger Linnea B LB, Chalke Arushi A et al.

Perinatal nicotine use is common despite well-documented adverse consequences. We examined associations between reproductive-related hormones with nicotine craving and use during the perinatal period to identify potential novel intervention points. All participants reported use of nicotine during the perinatal period. Participants were enrolled at gestational week ≥ 36 and followed to postpartum week 12 via daily surveys (i.e., nicotine craving via 100-point scale, dichotomous use) and weekly hormone measurement in saliva (cortisol, oxytocin) or dried blood spots (progesterone, estradiol, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate). Bayesian mixed-effects models accounted for within-person correlation while estimating hormone effects. Participants (n = 46) were 28.9 ± 4.9 years old. During follow-up, exclusive combustible cigarettes (n = 20), electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS; n = 13), or dual (n = 2) use was observed, with variability in use and craving across participants and over time. During pregnancy, higher oxytocin was linked to greater craving (β=16.31, 95% CI: 3.71, 28.83). Greater peripartum declines in oxytocin were associated with more craving (β=8.71, 95% CI: 0.75, 16.93) and use (β=1.13, 95% CI: 0.05, 2.43). During postpartum, lower estradiol was linked to more craving (β=-1.17, 95% CI: -2.15, -0.18) and use (β=-0.40, 95% CI: -0.76, -0.03). In models simultaneously evaluating all postpartum hormones, the lone meaningful association was between estradiol and craving (β=-1.66, 95% CI: -2.84, -0.48). The results of this study suggest that oxytocin and estradiol may contribute to the risk of perinatal nicotine use. Additional research is needed to replicate our observations in more diverse study samples and explore implications for clinical intervention.

PMID 42668554
Read full article →
PubMedAnalytical biochemistry2026-08-30

Validation of SARS-CoV-2 neutralization assay using VSV-based pseudovirus system.

Artarini Anita A, Tan Marselina Irasonia MI, Giri-Rachman Ernawati Arifin EA, Natalia Dessy D et al.

The gold standard for SARS-CoV-2 neutralization assays involves wild-type virus, which requires Biosafety Level 3 (BSL-3) containment. To improve safety and accessibility, pseudovirus-based neutralization assays utilizing non-replicating particles like Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV) expressing the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein can be conducted under BSL-2 conditions. This study aimed to perform the analytical validation of a VSV-based pseudovirus system for SARS-CoV-2 using recombinant monoclonal antibody. Pseudo-VSV carrying SARS-CoV-2 Spike proteins were produced using LentiX-293T cells. The assay system was optimized for Multiplicity of Infection (MOI) and assessed for specificity, limit of quantification (LOQ), linearity, accuracy, and precision using the neutralizing mAb BD-604. The system was optimized at an MOI of 0.25. The assay proved highly specific, as mAb BD-604 showed clear neutralizing activity while mAb 1A9 did not. The limit of quantification (LOQ) was determined to be 125 ng of mAb BD-604, with a linear range of 125 - 1000 ng. The relative accuracy remained within the 80-120% range, and the precision (%CV) ranged from 1.92% to 13.57%. Additionally, the system successfully characterized variant-specific neutralization, revealing that BD-604 was effective against the Wuhan, Delta, and Omicron BA.1/BA.2 strains but lacked activity against the Omicron XBB.1.5 variant. This validated pseudo-VSV based SARS-CoV-2 neutralization assay is a valuable bioassay for evaluating neutralizing antibody potency against various SARS-CoV-2 strains in a BSL-2 environment, thus making it useful for vaccine and therapeutic development.

PMID 42669355
Read full article →
PubMedTherapeutic advances in gastroenterology2026-08-30

Prevalence of dysphagia and eosinophilic esophagitis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease or type 2 inflammation: a cross-sectional multicenter screening study.

Bäuerle Martin M, Maurer Jurij J, Pokryszka Jagoda J, Novacek Gottfried G et al.

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic, type-2 inflammation-driven disease causing dysphagia. Although patients with other type-2 inflammatory diseases (type-2 ID) or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may have an increased risk of EoE, there is limited information about the prevalence of EoE in these specific populations. This study aims to assess the prevalence of clinically relevant dysphagia as well as underlying EoE in patients with type-2 ID or IBD. This is a cross-sectional, multicenter study of patients with type-2 ID (asthma, rhinosinusitis with polyposis nasi, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated food allergies) or IBD from the Medical University of Vienna and Floridsdorf Allergy Center. Patients were screened for esophageal dysphagia using the Brief Esophageal Dysphagia Questionnaire (BEDQ). Relevant dysphagia was defined as a BEDQ score ⩾4, or having a history of bolus impaction or emergency department visit due to dysphagia within the past year. Endoscopy with esophageal biopsies was offered to all patients with relevant dysphagia to screen for EoE. A total of 687 patients (45.9% female, median age 45 years, 53.9% with IBD, 48.5% with a type 2 ID) were screened. Overall, 8.9% (n = 61) reported relevant dysphagia. Endoscopy with biopsies was performed in 22 patients, and 18 patients had undergone endoscopy the year prior to the study. In total, 6 newly diagnosed cases of EoE were observed, while 7 patients had a known history of EoE, resulting in an overall prevalence of 13 patients (1.9%). Patients with any type-2 ID had numerically more EoE (2.7%) than patients with IBD (1.9%). While the prevalence of dysphagia among patients with type-2 ID and IBD may not exceed that of the general population, the prevalence of EoE in these populations may be higher than previously recognized.

PMID 42668855
Read full article →
PubMedPublic health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)2026-08-30

Establishment of a Clinical Quality Improvement Program for Type 2 Diabetes by the T1D Exchange QI Collaborative.

Tsai Sandra A SA, Weinstock Ruth S RS, Zupa Margaret F MF, Fantasia Kathryn L KL et al.

Implementing best practice guidelines for diabetes and cardiovascular comorbidities is important to reduce the risk of complications for people with type 2 diabetes. The T1D Exchange Quality Improvement Collaborative (T1DX-QI) established a type 2 diabetes quality improvement (T2D-QI) program to reduce cardiovascular risk for people with type 2 diabetes by improving glucose, blood pressure, and lipid management initiation. The program began in 2019 with an adult endocrine center in the Northeast and a primary care center on the West Coast. In 2023, a new equity-focused type 2 diabetes intervention began with 3 adult endocrine centers on the East Coast, with an aim to increase access to and use of continuous glucose monitors. In 2023, 4 primary care centers focused on improving screening measures for adults with type 2 diabetes, prioritizing glycated hemoglobin A1c, blood pressure, lipid, and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio. Each clinic received training in quality improvement (QI) methodology and coaching from QI consultants to develop initiatives tailored to the needs of their clinics. Lessons gathered through qualitative interviews and reports included the importance of training the clinical team in QI methodology; adopting lower effort, higher impact interventions to build momentum and cultivate confidence and engagement among clinical teams; obtaining timely data updates; and engaging partners who could champion the work, influence practice, and navigate system complexities. The expansion of T1DX-QI to include type 2 diabetes demonstrated that standardized QI training and interventions developed through a data-driven iterative process and delivered through multidisciplinary teams can be successful.

PMID 42669157
Read full article →
PubMedCancer pathogenesis and therapy2026-08-30

Efficacy and safety of SCT200 in patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma after platinum failure: A phase 2 study.

Shi Yuankai Y, Zhang Qingyuan Q, Wang Wei W, Shi Jianhua J et al.

There are limited treatment options for patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M HNSCC) progressing after platinum-based therapy. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeting monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have demonstrated efficacy in R/M HNSCC. This phase 2 study evaluated the efficacy and safety of SCT200, a novel fully humanized EGFR mAb, in Chinese patients with R/M HNSCC progressing after platinum-based therapy. This was a single-arm, multi-center phase 2 study, which enrolled patients with R/M HNSCC who had progressed after ≥2 cycles of platinum-based therapy. All patients received SCT200 at 6.0 mg/kg weekly for the first 6 weeks, followed by 8.0 mg/kg every 2 weeks until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary endpoint was the objective response rate (ORR). Between November 14, 2018, and April 2, 2020, 36 patients were enrolled. The ORR was 13.9% (5/36, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.7-29.5), the complete response rate was 2.8% (1/36), while the partial response rate was 11.1% (4/36). The disease control rate was 69.4% (25/36, 95% CI: 51.9-83.7). The median time to response was 1.38 months (95% CI: 0.99-2.60). The median duration of response was 5.95 months (95% CI: 2.60-not reached [NR]). The median progression-free survival and overall survival were 3.98 months (95% CI: 2.76-5.32) and 8.77 months (95% CI: 6.64-NR), respectively. Grade ≥3 treatment-related adverse events occurred in 44.4% (16/36) of patients, with the most common being hypomagnesemia (7/36, 19.4%, 95% CI: 8.2-36.0), hypokalemia (3/36, 8.3%, 95% CI: 1.8-22.5), rash (2/36, 5.6%, 95% CI: 0.7-18.7), and anemia (2/36, 5.6%, 95% CI: 0.7-18.7). This study demonstrated promising efficacy and a manageable safety profile of SCT200 in patients with R/M HNSCC progressing after platinum-based chemotherapy. Clinical Trials.gov, NCT03713372; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov.

PMID 42668534
Read full article →

+9996 more articles available with a free account

Sign up free to view all articles →

Ask about estradiol