Drug Database
AD

adjuvants (ImmuMax / ImmuMax SR / adjuvants, Repros)

✓ Approved

Repros Therapeutics Inc. · Small Molecule · Small Molecule

What is adjuvants?

adjuvants is a small molecule developed by Repros Therapeutics Inc.. It is approved for therapeutic indications via unknown.

Drug Profile

Brand NamesImmuMax, ImmuMax SR, adjuvants, Repros
CompanyRepros Therapeutics Inc.
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
RouteUnknown
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Repros Therapeutics Inc.

Therapeutic Indications

adjuvants is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Surgical and medical proceduresOral appliance application✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedVaccine2026-07-17

Protective immunity of lectin-adjuvanted intraperitoneal injection vaccine against Aeromonas veronii infection in Oreochromis niloticus.

Guha Ritam R, Wangkahart Eakapol E, Elumalai Preetham P

Disease outbreaks caused by Aeromonas veronii pose a significant threat to Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) aquaculture. Lectin-based adjuvants, such as concanavalin A (ConA), can potentially enhance vaccine efficacy by stimulating both innate and adaptive immunity. This study evaluated the immunoprotective potential of a ConA-adjuvanted, formalin-inactivated A. veronii vaccine administered intraperitoneally. Nile tilapia were vaccinated intraperitoneally with the inactivated A. veronii vaccine formulated with ConA. Safety was assessed by monitoring fish behavior and physiological responses. Innate immune activation was evaluated through lysozyme (LZM), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) assays. Humoral response was measured via serum IgM levels. Gene expression in head kidney and spleen tissues was analyzed for TCR-β, IgM, MHC -II, CD4, and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-8). Protective efficacy was determined by challenging vaccinated fish with live A. veronii and calculating relative percent survival (RPS). The vaccine was safe, with no adverse effects observed. Vaccinated fish showed significant increases in LZM, MPO, and SOD activities, indicating enhanced innate immunity. Serum IgM levels peaked at 42 days post-vaccination, demonstrating robust humoral response. Gene expression analysis revealed upregulation of immune markers confirming activation of humoral (IgM), proinflammatory cytokine (IL-1β, IL-8) and cell-mediated pathways (TCR-β, MHC-II, CD4). Following challenge, the ConA-adjuvanted vaccine group exhibited the highest RPS (79%), significantly higher than controls. These results highlight the potent immunostimulatory effect of ConA and the vaccine's capacity to bridge innate and adaptive immunity in Nile tilapia. The adjuvant effects of ConA have improved the vaccine efficacy and immunogenicity.

PMID 42462678
Read full article →
PubMedPoultry science2026-07-17

Chicken viperin inhibits fowl adenovirus serotype 4 replication and affects related innate immune signaling pathways.

Wan Lijun L, Wang Sheng S, Zeng Tingting T, Wang Can C et al.

Fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) is the main pathogen causing hydropericardium‑hepatitis syndrome (HHS), which seriously endangers the poultry industry. Viperin, an interferon‑stimulated gene (ISG), possesses broad‑spectrum antiviral activity, but its role during FAdV‑4 infection remains unclear. In this study, the chicken viperin gene was cloned and expressed, and its sequence characteristics, protein structure and tissue distribution were systematically analyzed. By overexpressing or silencing viperin in chicken hepatocellular carcinoma (LMH) cells, the effect of viperin on FAdV‑4 replication was investigated; meanwhile, this study examined the expression levels of multiple factors associated with innate immune signaling pathways under different treatment conditions, to investigate the regulatory role of viperin in the innate immune response induced by FAdV‑4. The main results showed that chicken viperin is a ∼41 kDa protein predominantly composed of α‑helices and random coils, and is highly expressed in immune organs. Overexpression of viperin significantly reduced FAdV‑4 viral load and titer, whereas knockdown of viperin promoted viral replication. The expression levels of several innate immune factors, including LGP2, MDA5 and MAVS, varied under different conditions. This study preliminarily demonstrates that chicken viperin inhibits FAdV‑4 replication. By measuring the expression changes of multiple innate immune factors under different conditions, we analyzed and conjectured the innate immune regulatory mechanism of viperin against FAdV‑4. This research provides an important theoretical basis and potential molecular targets for the design of antiviral prevention and control strategies in poultry as well as for the development of next‑generation vaccine adjuvants. Moreover, it offers research directions and experimental ideas for further in‑depth dissection of the molecular mechanism by which viperin inhibits FAdV‑4.

PMID 42462452
Read full article →
PubMedNature cancer2026-07-16

Immune implications and therapeutic opportunities of tumor glycosylation.

Hatinguais Remi R, Verjans Stan S, Gomes Joana J, van Vliet Sandra J SJ

Aberrant glycosylation is a nearly universal hallmark of cancer cells. Tumor-associated glycans can reshape cancer cell biology and act as crucial suppressors of anti-tumor immunity. By engaging immune inhibitory receptors or by modifying the function of immune checkpoints, glycans dampen natural immune responses and immunotherapy efficacy. Therefore, glycans serve both as direct targets for anticancer interventions and as adjuvants aimed at potentiating immunotherapy success. In this Review, we provide an overview of tumor glycosylation and its impact on cancer immune surveillance. Finally, we discuss recent therapeutic developments that highlight the potential of glycans as precision cancer medicines.

PMID 42457945
Read full article →
PubMedDiscover nano2026-07-15

Smart nanoparticle vaccines integrate nanotechnology artificial intelligence and immunoengineering for precision immunization.

Morshedi Iman I, Roodaki Zahra Z, Gheibi Pejman P, Zamani Ghazal G et al.

The rise of multidrug-resistant microbes, rapidly evolving viruses, and recurring pandemics underscores the urgent need for advanced vaccine technologies. Nanoparticle-based vaccines have emerged as a transformative approach capable of overcoming the major shortcomings of traditional immunization methods. Their nanoscale architecture allows precise antigen targeting, enhanced stability, and controlled release, leading to more potent and durable immune protection. These smart systems can carry multiple antigens or adjuvants, mimic natural pathogens, and efficiently activate immune cells to elicit strong humoral and cellular responses. Various nanoparticle types, lipid-based, polymeric, inorganic, and biomimetic, demonstrate broad potential against infectious, inflammatory, and neoplastic diseases in both humans and animals. However, critical barriers remain in mass production, regulatory harmonization, and long-term safety assurance. The integration of nanotechnology with artificial intelligence (AI) and bioengineering now enables rational vaccine design, predictive modeling, and personalized immunization strategies. AI-driven optimization of nanoparticle formulations and immune response prediction are accelerating translational progress. The convergence of these disciplines is shaping a new generation of vaccines that are safer, more effective, and adaptable to global health challenges, paving the way toward precision vaccination for the modern era.

PMID 42455409
Read full article →
PubMedInternational journal of molecular sciences2026-07-15

Perspective on Lessons Not Learned: From Coley's Toxins to Microbial Drug Delivery, Guidance for Institutional Review Boards (IRBs).

Hanley Brian P BP, Betancourt Alejandro J AJ, Gross Gustavo G, Bowne Wilbur Bo WB

The bacterial and toxin methods of cancer treatment date back 130 years. This paradigm rests on nonspecific bacterial-toxin-generated immunotherapy. This high-risk oncology research is experiencing a renaissance of methods that are among the most effective yet. Glioblastomas and other resistant cancers are the modern touchpoint, because of remission history following sepsis. Spurred by recent research deaths, we discuss protocols IRBs should consider in live bacterial or synthetic immuno-stimulatory trials. Human systemic inflammatory response syndrome immunology is unique due to non-functioning SIGLEC-13 and 17, which control excessive Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) signaling. This is not a technicality like human CD8+/CD4+ T cells. SIGLEC-13&17 consequences are profound; humans are ≈330-200,000 times more sensitive to LPS/endotoxin than mice and rats. This human TLR-4 difference also applies to gene therapy and should inform the results from any animal model, including non-human primates. Clinical TLR-4 stimulation takes two forms: bacterial infection and sterile TLR-4 stimulators, and treatments differ. The stereotactic injection of calculated amounts of adjuvants like endotoxin, venoms/components, or synthetic alternatives may be safer than live bacteria. Inadequate planning for risk elements, basic predictive models, and treatments will likely cause death.

PMID 42450252
Read full article →
PubMedNPJ vaccines2026-07-15

Optimization of heroin conjugate vaccine performance in rodent models.

Komla Essie E, Whalen Connor C, Torres Oscar B OB, Sulima Agnieszka A et al.

Opioid use disorder (OUD) remains a global public health concern, exerting a significant economic burden on societies worldwide. To combat the rise of substance use disorder, a complementary vaccine-based intervention was developed to support and strengthen the existing treatment modalities. Hapten-protein conjugate vaccines are employed as a promising novel strategy for neutralizing nonimmunogenic small-molecule drugs such as opioids by eliciting drug-specific antibodies that sequester opioids in circulation before reaching the brain. In this study, multiple parameters to optimize the efficacy of the TT-6-AmHap heroin conjugate vaccine were investigated in mice and rats, focusing on dose optimization, hapten density, booster timing, and cross-reactivity with other prescription opioids. Binding antibody responses were quantified, and vaccine efficacy was assessed using nociceptive assays following a drug challenge. Immunization with TT-6-AmHap vaccine in combination with adjuvants ALF43 and Alhydrogel® (ALFA), demonstrated a robust in-vivo efficacy across multiple opioid challenges including heroin, hydrocodone, and hydromorphone. Both antibody titers to 6-AmHap and protective efficacy were maintained following repeated heroin challenges up to 54 weeks. Notably, these repeat heroin challenges did not induce any measurable decline in antibody titers. Further characterization of the vaccine responses indicated a strong correlation between hapten density on the carrier protein and both binding antibody titers and overall vaccine efficacy. These findings support the continued development of hapten-based conjugate vaccines for OUD and demonstrate that an optimized vaccine can provide long-lasting protection against the antinociceptive effects of opioids in animals, laying the groundwork for future translational studies.

PMID 42448715
Read full article →

+9996 more articles available with a free account

Sign up free to view all articles →

Ask about adjuvants