caffeine citrate (Cafnea)

Ecological risk assessment of caffeine in global aquatic ecosystems: From land to sea.

Fan Bo B, Guo Xiaolong X, Zhao Baoyi B, Zhang Xinyue X et al.

Caffeine, as a marker of human activity, has been widely detected in aquatic environments worldwide. This study analyzed caffeine concentrations in aquatic environments across 85 countries/regions to evaluate its ecological risks to freshwater and marine species. Based on species sensitivity distribution (SSD) curves, a chronic freshwater predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) of 0.052 μg/L was derived, which may serve as a useful screening benchmark for global ecological risk assessment, pending further refinement with expanded chronic toxicity datasets. The derived chronic seawater PNEC (0.14 μg/L) in this study was only used as a preliminary screening threshold for caffeine risk. A multi-dimensional quantitative assessment of global ecological risks was performed via integrated application of risk quotient (RQ) based on PNEC, potentially affected fraction (PAF) and joint probability curve (JPC). Results showed 83.67% of global freshwater monitoring sites posed high risks (RQ > 1). PAF analysis indicated caffeine concentrations in 71.95% of freshwater monitoring sites might adversely affect over 5% of freshwater species, while JPC revealed a 13.29% risk probability to 5% of freshwater species. Based on Monte Carlo predictions, the median RQ for caffeine in pore water of freshwater sediment was 0.051, indicating the low risk (RQ < 0.1). In coastal monitoring sites, 50.52% of global coastal monitoring sites posed high risks. PAF analysis showed 32.99% of coastal monitoring sites threatened over 5% of marine species and JPC demonstrated a 34.16% risk probability to 5% of marine species. High-risk areas seem to be coupled with high coffee/tea consumption and limited wastewater treatment, implying that improving the treatment efficiency of WWTPs is crucial for lowering risks.

CORR Insights®: Is a Resorbable Citrate-based Bioceramic Device Associated With Osseous Integration? An Early Retrospective MRI Analysis.

DeCoster Thomas A TA

Eight Weeks of Sprint Interval Training With Adding Caffeine Ingestion Leads to Greater Improvements in Health-Related Physiological Parameters in Obese Male Adults.

Zhiang J J, Song Q Q

The aim of this research was to examine the effects of an 8-week sprint interval training (SIT) intervention alongside caffeine (CAF) supplementation on the physiological adaptations related to the health of obese men. Thirty obese men volunteered to take part in this research and were randomly assigned to three distinct groups: Caffeine plus SIT (CAF+SIT, 6 mg·kg-1 body mass, n=10), Placebo plus SIT (PL+SIT, 6 mg·kg-1 body mass in cellulose, n=10), and Control (CON, n=10). The participants in the caffeine and placebo groups ingested their supplements three times weekly, one hour prior to each SIT session over a period of eight weeks. Lower body strength, and cardiorespiratory fitness as well as body fat were assessed at baseline and following the intervention. Additionally, blood samples for evaluating fasting glucose and lipid profiles were collected 48 h before and after the SIT intervention. Both the CAF+SIT and PL+SIT groups demonstrated notable changes (p<0.05) in the assessed variables after the 8-week intervention period. Furthermore, the CAF+SIT group exhibited significantly greater adaptive responses (p<0.05) compared to the PL+SIT group in terms of fat mass reduction (Standardized mean difference [SMD]=-0.58), strength improvement (SMD=0.36), and cardiorespiratory fitness enhancement (SMD=0.41), as well as modifications in fasting glucose (SMD=-0.57), HDL (SMD=0.18), LDL (SMD=-0.80), cholesterol (SMD=-0.53), triglyceride (SMD=-0.48) and non-HDL (SMD=-1.14) following the intervention. The administration of CAF prior to SIT led to more significant decreases in fat mass and enhancements in strength and cardiorespiratory fitness. Additionally, it resulted in more notable alterations in fasting glucose and lipid profiles among obese men, thereby elucidating the beneficial effects of CAF when combined with SIT to enhance men's health. Key words Interval intervention " Supplementation " Obesity " Health.

Structures of the human sodium-citrate cotransporter NaCT with and without substrates.

Sauer David B DB, Song Jinmei J, Marden Jennifer J JJ, Wang Bing B et al.

The human sodium-citrate cotransporter NaCT imports various tri- and dicarboxylates into the cell as TCA cycle intermediates. This substrate uptake process is driven by an inward sodium gradient. The protein is a member of the Divalent Anion-Sodium Symporter (DASS) family. Whereas extensive biochemical and structural studies have been carried out for NaCT, how the substrate binding and translocation is coupled to the sodium gradient remains unclear. Here using single particle cryo-electron microscopy, we determined the structures of the human NaCT protein in three states: sodium-free, in the presence of sodium, and sodium- and substrate-bound. These structures suggest a simultaneous binding mechanism for sodium-substrate coupling, distinct from the sequential binding, conformational selection mechanism previously observed for the bacterial DASS protein VcINDY.