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sitagliptin phosphate + ipragliflozin L-proline (Sujanu / MK0431J)

✓ Approved

Kotobuki Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. · DPP4 · Small Molecule

What is sitagliptin phosphate + ipragliflozin L-proline?

sitagliptin phosphate + ipragliflozin L-proline is a small molecule developed by Kotobuki Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.. It is approved for therapeutic indications via oral (po).

Drug Profile

Brand NamesSujanu, MK0431J
CompanyKotobuki Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
Molecular TargetDPP4, SLC5A2
RouteOral (PO)
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Kotobuki Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

sitagliptin phosphate + ipragliflozin L-proline acts on 2 molecular targets:

DPP4dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (CD26, DPPIV)
SLC5A2solute carrier family 5 member 2 (SGLT2)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

sitagliptin phosphate + ipragliflozin L-proline is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Metabolism and nutrition disordersType 2 diabetes mellitus✓ Approved

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Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is a common manifestation in advanced malignancies. However, its differentiation from benign pleural effusions, such as parapneumonic effusion (PPE) and tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE), remains challenging. This study aimed to profile differentially expressed proteins and metabolites between MPE, PPE, and TPE. Pleural effusion samples from patients with MPE, PPE, and TPE were collected and subjected to proteomic and metabolomic profiling. Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and differentially abundant metabolites (DAMs) were identified, followed by functional enrichment analyzes. Integrated proteome-metabolome analysis was performed to construct protein-metabolite interaction networks and reveal key pathways associated with malignant and benign pleural effusions. Proteomic and metabolomic profiles differed significantly between MPE and non-MPE. Arginine-proline and glutamate metabolism were commonly enriched at both protein and metabolite levels in MPE versus PPE and TPE. At the protein level, Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) was significantly upregulated in MPE compared with both PPE and TPE. At the metabolite level, sarcosine and l-glutamine were markedly elevated, while creatine was significantly decreased in MPE. Integrated analysis further indicated that these four molecules play important roles in distinguishing MPE from PPE and TPE. Combined proteomic and metabolomic analyzes revealed the critical involvement of IDH1 in glutamate metabolism and arginine and proline metabolic pathways during MPE metabolic reprogramming. Identified molecules, including IDH1, l-glutamine, creatine, and sarcosine, may serve as potential diagnostic biomarkers for differentiating malignant from benign pleural effusions.

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Efficacy and safety of parathyroid hormone analogs therapy on hypoparathyroidism: a meta-analysis.

Li Siting S, Zhang Yuanfang Y, Zhao Li L, Ma Chao C

To assess the efficacy and safety of parathyroid hormone(PTH) analogs alone as compared with the conventional therapy on HypoPTH, and assess its emphasis on patients' health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Database (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane Library) were systematically searched until February 30, 2026. The primary outcomes were serum calcium and serum phosphate, while the secondary outcomes included 24-hour urinary calcium excretion, serum 25(OH)D, serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, calcium phosphate product, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), adverse events, and HRQoL. Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.4 and STATA 17.0. Eleven studies were included. Compared to conventional therapy, PTH analogs therapy showed no difference in serum calcium (MD = -0.02 mmol/L; 95% CI, -0.14 to 0.11 mmol/L), serum phosphorus (MD = 0.08 mmol/L; 95% CI, -0.05 to 0.20 mmol/L) and 24-hour urinary calcium excretion (MD = 1.00 mmol; 95% CI, -1.84 to 3.84 mmol). PTH analogs decreased 25(OH) vitamin D, increased 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D and eGFR. Additionally, PTH analogs therapy significantly improved HRQoL as measured by the Short Form 36 (SF-36) Health Survey Questionnaire (MD = -7.35; 95% CI, -8.37 to -6.33). In addition to the comparable control of serum calcium and serum phosphorus levels to conventional therapy, limited data indicate that PTH analogs treatment may be better in regulating the serum vitamin D and maintaining the eGFR for patients with HypoPTH. PTH analogs therapy also improves patients' HRQoL. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD420251089112.

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Identification of potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for osteoarthritis associated with arginine and proline metabolism based on transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics.

Chen Xiao-Hua XH, Liu Jun J, Qiu Ling L, Zhan Yang Y et al.

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Exogenous γ-polyglutamic acid alleviates cadmium stress in rice through redox regulation and modulation of cadmium accumulation.

Huang Rong R, Qiang Qiang Q, Wang Zhichao Z, Du Changhuan C et al.

Cadmium (Cd) contamination severely threatens crop production and irreversibly damages plant growth, yield, and quality. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of γ-polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA) on Cd tolerance in rice during the whole growth period. The experiment consisted of four treatments: a control group with neither γ-PGA nor Cd; a group treated with γ-PGA alone; a group treated with Cd alone; and a group treated with both γ-PGA and Cd. Results showed that γ-PGA significantly alleviated Cd stress by promoting rice growth and immobilizing bioavailable Cd in soil. Physiological analysis showed that chlorophyll and shoot proline peaked at the tillering stage, while root proline peaked at the heading stage. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2 increased with growth, with higher MDA in roots. Antioxidant enzymes showed distinct patterns. Superoxide dismutase and root catalase peaked at the tillering stage, shoot peroxidase at the heading stage. Under Cd stress, chlorophyll synthesis was markedly inhibited, oxidative damage was induced, and the antioxidant defense system was activated. γ-PGA alone had no significant effect, whereas Cd + γ-PGA co-treatment effectively mitigated Cd toxicity by increasing chlorophyll, antioxidant enzyme activities, and proline accumulation, as well as reducing oxidative damage, with the most pronounced effects at the tillering and maturity stages. Principal component analysis further indicated that the alleviative role of γ-PGA was growth stage-specific. Research findings, therefore, suggest that γ-PGA can ameliorate Cd toxicity in rice, resulting in improved plant growth under metal stress. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.

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This study investigated the potential application of rice straw biochar (RSB) as an adsorbent for the elimination of phosphate species from wastewater. Artificial neural network (ANN) and response surface methodology (RSM) approaches were used to optimize and model the adsorption process. The ANN and RSM analyses revealed important information regarding model precision, optimization effectiveness, and real-world usability, facilitating improved decision-making and process enhancement in intricate systems, such as wastewater treatment. ANN outperformed RSM with R2 = 0.9418 vs. 0.9206, RMSE = 2.34 vs. 3.12. Under optimized conditions (pH 7.2, 19.7 mg L-1, 20 mg dose, 31.6°C), >96.2% removal (with qmax = 168.0 mg g-1) was achieved. Chemisorption-dominated monolayer adsorption was confirmed by the pseudo-second-order kinetics (R2 = 0.9948) and Langmuir isotherm (R2 = 0.97). This paper shows that the valorization of agricultural wastes into biochar provides a sustainable circular economy solution to wastewater treatment. This study highlights the excellent potential of RSB for phosphate recovery from wastewater. Transforming agricultural waste into biochar and applying it to remove phosphate offers a sustainable solution for agricultural waste management and resource recovery from wastewater.

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Byun Sung-Yun SY, Min Su-Jeong SJ, Kwon Jae-Sung JS

Tricalcium silicate (TCS) is a clinically established calcium silicate-based material. However, its highly alkaline hydration environment limits cellular compatibility. This study investigated whether direct incorporation of phosphate solution during TCS hydration promotes calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHAp) formation, modulates solution chemistry, and enhances osteogenic biological responses. TCS was mixed with KH2PO4 solutions at 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt% (TP0-TP20) at a fixed liquid-to-powder ratio. Crystalline phase evolution was characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) after simulated body fluid (SBF) immersion for up to 28 days. Surface morphology was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Solution pH, solubility, and ion release (Ca2+, Si4+, PO43-) were quantified by ICP-OES. Osteogenic gene expression (RUNX2, OSX, COL1A1, OPN) was evaluated in MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts by RT-qPCR. Cell viability and migration under physiological perfusion were assessed using a custom microfluidic Lab-on-a-Chip system. XRD and XPS confirmed concentration-dependent CDHAp formation in TP15 and TP20 from day 1, with peak intensity increasing progressively through day 28. TP0 showed CDHAp formation was insufficient to be clearly detected by XRD. Higher phosphate content progressively reduced solution pH and suppressed free Ca2+ accumulation, maintaining levels within 2-6 mM at early time points while elevating Si4+ release. TP15 and TP20 significantly upregulated RUNX2, OSX, and COL1A1 compared with TP0 (p < 0.05). Under microfluidic system, TP0 supported no viable cells, whereas TP20 demonstrated directional cell migration toward the specimen surface. Incorporating phosphate solution during TCS hydration accelerates CDHAp crystallisation, moderates excessive alkalinity, and enhances early osteogenic differentiation and cell migration under flow. These findings establish phosphate-modified TCS as a strategy to enhance HAp formation with enhanced chemical and biological properties.

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