sitagliptin phosphate + ipragliflozin L-proline (Sujanu / MK0431J)

Author Correction: Histone H3 proline 16 hydroxylation regulates mammalian gene expression.

Liu Xijuan X, Wang Jun J, Boyer Joshua A JA, Gong Weida W et al.

Physiological response strategies of pioneer endemic species Artemisia wudanica along an aeolian disturbance gradient in semi-arid active sand dunes.

Zhang Chi C, Wang Haitao H, Wang Yongcui Y, Qiu Yu Y et al.

Wind erosion and sand burial are recurrent but physically distinct aeolian disturbances in semi-arid dune systems. We investigated how Artemisia wudanica seedlings respond physiologically to matched relative gradients of simulated substrate removal and sand burial under controlled pot conditions. Seedlings were subjected to five simulated wind-erosion levels (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 cm) and five sand-burial levels (0, 1.7, 3.3, 5.0, and 6.7 cm). Chlorophyll, proline, soluble sugar, malondialdehyde (MDA), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were quantified. Treatment effects were evaluated using two-way ANOVA, PCA of standardized variables, disturbance-specific Spearman correlations, and an exploratory path analysis. Disturbance type, relative disturbance level, and their interaction affected all six physiological traits, and PCA separated the two-treatment series in multivariate space. Under sand burial, chlorophyll, proline, and soluble sugar showed positive within-treatment covariation after Spearman correlations. Under simulated wind erosion, POD and SOD covaried positively, whereas MDA was not significantly correlated with either antioxidant enzyme; chlorophyll-proline and soluble sugar-MDA associations also remained significant after correction. The exploratory path model had limited overall fit and was used only to summarize statistical associations, not to establish causal physiological mechanisms. Under the controlled conditions of this seedling experiment, the two isolated treatments were associated with different physiological response and covariation patterns. These results provide testable hypotheses about disturbance-specific seedling responses rather than evidence of switchable association, population-level persistence, or restoration performance. Validation is required under field conditions, across additional life stages, and with pulsed and combined erosion-burial events.

Integrative transcriptomic and lipidomic analysis of the effects of Eucommia ulmoides on growth performance and lipid metabolism in Larimichthys crocea.

Zhang Xuan X, Guo Xiangyu X, Hu Kun K, Ai Qinghui Q et al.

Larimichthys crocea is an economically important marine aquaculture species, and improving growth performance while maintaining lipid metabolic homeostasis is important for its sustainable production. This study investigated the effects of dietary Eucommia ulmoides supplementation on growth performance and lipid metabolism in L. crocea and explored the underlying molecular basis using integrated transcriptomic and lipidomic analyses. A 4-week feeding trial was conducted using a control diet and a diet supplemented with 0.3% E. ulmoides. Growth performance, plasma biochemical indices, hepatic lipid accumulation, transcriptomic profiles, and lipidomic profiles were evaluated. Integrated pathway analysis was further performed to identify metabolic pathways jointly represented in the transcriptomic and lipidomic datasets. Dietary supplementation with 0.3% E. ulmoides significantly increased the specific growth rate (SGR) of L. crocea (P < 0.05) and reduced the feed conversion ratio (FCR; 1.38 in the E. ulmoides group versus 2.68 in the control group). Hepatic Oil Red O staining revealed reduced lipid staining in the E. ulmoides group, while plasma biochemical analyses showed decreased triglyceride levels and improved antioxidant status. Integrated transcriptomic and lipidomic analyses identified glycerolipid metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism as the principal pathways represented in both omics datasets. In glycerolipid metabolism, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mapped to reactions involving intermediate metabolites associated with neutral-lipid synthesis. In glycerophospholipid metabolism, DEGs were mapped to reactions involving phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and their precursors. Notably, pathway-level co-mapping showed that these two metabolic pathways converge at phosphatidic acid (PA; 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate), suggesting a potential metabolic connection between neutral-lipid storage and membrane lipid remodeling. These findings indicate that dietary E. ulmoides supplementation can improve growth performance and modulate lipid metabolism in L. crocea. The coordinated changes in glycerolipid and glycerophospholipid metabolism, potentially linked through PA, provide a molecular basis for the observed reduction in hepatic lipid accumulation and suggest that E. ulmoides may promote lipid metabolic homeostasis in L. crocea.

Salt Tolerance Variation among Chenopodium quinoa Accessions of Contrasting Geographic Origins: Germination Performance and Antioxidant Defense under NaCl Stress.

Arraouadi Soumaya S, Slimani Narmine N, Hajlaoui Hafedh H

<b>Background and Objective:</b> Chenopodium quinoa Willd. is a strategic crop for food security in salt-affected regions; however, genotype-specific physiological responses to salinity during early germination remain insufficiently characterized. Understanding variation among geographically distinct accessions is essential for identifying salt-tolerant genotypes. This study aimed to evaluate germination performance and antioxidant defense responses of three quinoa accessions of contrasting geographic origins under salinity stress. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> Three quinoa accessions 18GR (Ames 13724, USA), R-132 (PI 478418, Bolivia) and DE-1 (PI 674266, Ecuador) obtained from the USDA National Plant Germplasm System were evaluated under four NaCl concentrations (0, 100, 200 and 300 mM) under controlled laboratory conditions. Germination percentage, mean germination time (MGT), radicle length and germination kinetics were recorded. Reversibility assays were conducted to differentiate osmotic and ionic effects of salinity. Oxidative stress markers, including Hydrogen Peroxide (H₂O₂) and malondialdehyde (MDA), were quantified along with antioxidant enzyme activities such as peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). Proline accumulation was also assessed as an indicator of osmotic adjustment. <b>Results:</b> Salinity significantly affected germination traits in an accession-dependent manner. At 300 mM NaCl, germination rates were 90, 60 and 33.33% for 18GR, R-132 and DE-1, respectively. Reversibility assays indicated osmotic stress predominance at 200 mM, while ionic toxicity dominated at higher concentrations. NaCl stress increased H₂O₂ and MDA accumulation in all accessions. POD activity increased consistently across treatments. CAT and APX activities in 18GR showed a biphasic response, being stimulated up to 200 mM and inhibited at 300 mM, indicating stress threshold regulation. Proline accumulation increased with salinity, with 18GR showing the highest osmotic adjustment capacity. <b>Conclusion:</b> Geographic origin significantly influences salt tolerance during germination in quinoa. Accession 18GR exhibited superior stress tolerance and antioxidant regulation, making it a promising candidate for saline agriculture. The contrasting biochemical responses provide a physiological basis for selecting salt-tolerant quinoa genotypes adapted to arid and semi-arid environments.