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salbutamol (Proventil HFA / Epaq / Airomir)

✓ Approved

Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. · ADRB2 · Small Molecule

What is salbutamol?

salbutamol is a small molecule developed by Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.. It is approved for therapeutic indications via inhaled or topical.

Drug Profile

Brand NamesProventil HFA, Epaq, Airomir
CompanyTeva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
Molecular TargetADRB2
RouteInhaled, Topical
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

salbutamol acts on 1 molecular target:

ADRB2adrenoceptor beta 2 (B2AR, ARB2)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

salbutamol is developed for 3 unique indications across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disordersAsthma✓ Approved
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disordersBronchitis chronic✓ Approved
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disordersEmphysema✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedAnaesthesia and intensive care2026-10-15

Anaesthetic implications and occupational safety considerations of pressurised intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy procedures: An Australian 5-year single-centre experience.

Jeyadoss Jellsingh J, West Samuel S, Trochsler Markus M, Thiruvenkatarajan Venkatesan V

Pressurised intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy is an emerging treatment for peritoneal carcinomatosis, combining aerosolised chemotherapy delivery with minimally invasive surgical techniques. This study describes anaesthetic practice, perioperative outcomes, and occupational safety considerations associated with the delivery of pressurised intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy, based on a 5-year, single-centre experience. A retrospective review was conducted on patients who underwent pressurised intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy between December 2019 and April 2025. Data included demographic information, anaesthetic techniques, perioperative complications, and occupational safety measures implemented to protect healthcare staff. The study included 38 patients who underwent a total of 66 pressurised intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy procedures. The median age of the patients was 51 years (range 18-88 years). The median anaesthesia duration was 132 min (range 92-235 min). Common anaesthetic techniques utilised included sevoflurane for maintenance, rocuronium for neuromuscular blockade, and sugammadex for reversal of neuromuscular blockade, along with specific monitoring protocols. No notable intraoperative complications related to anaesthesia were observed. The median hospital stay was 1 day (range 0-7 days); prolonged admissions were associated with nausea and vomiting, pain, atelectasis, hypokalaemia, and fever. Occupational safety measures, including the use of personal protective equipment and aerosol containment strategies, were implemented to reduce exposure risks during the procedure, with no reported incidents of chemotherapy exposure among healthcare personnel. Pressurised intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy represents a viable treatment option with manageable anaesthetic challenges and significant occupational safety considerations. Ongoing education and adherence to safety protocols, along with collaboration among multiple teams, are crucial in minimising risks to both patients and healthcare workers.

PMID 42876201
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PubMedAnalytical methods : advancing methods and applications2026-10-15

Fluorescent aptamer sensing of clenbuterol and salbutamol in artificial urine and construction of a proof-of-concept screening model.

Dong Qinfeng Q

A proof-of-concept differential dual-modal aptamer array was developed for clenbuterol (CLB) and salbutamol (SAL) screening in artificial urine. A CLB-selective aptamer and AP-Ago, a broad β2-agonist aptamer, were coupled to graphene-oxide fluorescence resonance energy transfer and to methylene-blue/ferrocene-labelled gold electrodes. Their four responses formed an analyte fingerprint by combining CLB-selective recognition with the broader response of AP-Ago. Seventy-two blind-coded samples represented six matrices, four screening classes and three independent preparation batches. Batches 1-2 (n = 48) supported model development, whereas batch 3 (n = 24; six samples per class) was locked for external assessment. Weighted calibration gave provisional procedural limits of detection of 0.083 ng mL-1 for CLB and 0.164 ng mL-1 for SAL. Mean external prediction-to-reference ratios were approximately 96% for CLB and 81% for SAL, distinct from controlled spike recoveries; intraday precision was 3.7% and interbatch precision was 5.8%. Against isotope-dilution LC-MS/MS, concordance correlation coefficients were 0.939 for CLB and 0.793 for SAL. A regularized multinomial logistic model achieved external balanced accuracy of 0.833, macro-F1 of 0.836 and Matthews correlation coefficient of 0.791. The reported bootstrap 95% confidence interval for balanced accuracy was 0.656-0.969, reflecting the small external set. The results support a candidate front-end triage strategy within the tested artificial matrices: differential signals identify presumptive CLB, SAL-associated high-response and mixed patterns, while any presumptive positive is referred for confirmatory LC-MS/MS rather than used for an anti-doping adjudication.

PMID 42876190
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PubMedFrontiers in public health2026-10-15

Personal earplug fit testing identifies below-target attenuation in nearly two-thirds of military aviation personnel: a retrospective analysis of results before and after individualized instruction.

Argaman Moshe M, Ben-Ari Oded O

Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) remains an important occupational health problem, especially in high-intensity noise work settings. Although disposable foam earplugs (DFE) are widely used, the protection they provide depends on how well they are fitted. We examined initial earplug attenuation in military aviation personnel, the change observed after individualized on-site instruction and repeat fitting among participants initially below target, and the association between previous instruction and baseline attenuation. This retrospective, single-center observational study analyzed routinely collected occupational-health fit-testing data from 183 military aviation personnel evaluated between 2020 and 2022. Mean age was 22.84 ± 6.23 years, and 91.3% were male. Earplug attenuation was measured using the 3M E-A-Rfit Dual-Ear Validation System. Participants with mean binaural attenuation below 20 dB received individualized on-site instruction and repeated the fitting procedure. During initial fitting, 118 participants (64.5%) did not achieve the 20 dB target. In this group, mean binaural attenuation rose from 14.47 to 22.57 dB after instruction and repeat fitting, an improvement of 8.10 dB (p < 0.001). Participants who reported having received previous earplug-use instruction also had higher baseline attenuation than those without previous instruction (19.47 vs. 16.52 dB; p = 0.002). Quantitative fit testing identified inadequate initial attenuation in nearly two-thirds of the personnel assessed. Brief individualized instruction followed by repeat fitting was associated with a substantial improvement in attenuation among those initially below target. Incorporating personal fit testing and targeted instruction into occupational hearing-conservation programs may improve protection against NIHL.

PMID 42876745
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PubMedFrontiers in neurology2026-10-14

Revaluation of the tongue function of the modified hypoglossal-to-facial transfer: a comparative cohort study.

Zhang Ying Y, Zhang Zhongding Z, Tang Yinda Y, Wang Baimiao B et al.

Traditional end-to-end hypoglossal-to-facial anastomosis (HFA) was a common surgical procedure for uncured severe facial palsy, however, was related to tongue dysfunction. We developed a modified hypoglossal-to-facial anastomosis (MHFA) procedure with the additional process of the anastomosis of the transected hypoglossal nerve and the ramus descendens hypoglossi, aiming to salvage the tongue function. We retrospectively collected 45 cases of MHFA in our center from January 2020 to December 2022. A comparative analysis was conducted from MHFA and 27 cases of HFA in the early stage at our center. The tongue disability index was used to evaluate the tongue function during the follow-up. Baseline characteristics were comparable between HFA (n = 27) and MHFA (n = 45) groups (all p > 0.05). MHFA demonstrated longer operative time (198.27 vs. 157.78 min, p < 0.001). Up to the last follow-up, MHFA showed superior outcomes: smaller tongue deviation angle (13.38° ± 9.56° vs. 23.86° ± 10.52°, mean difference 10.47°[95%CI 5.65-15.29], p < 0.001), lower incidence of severe deviation (>30°: 8.9% vs. 37.0%, p = 0.003), and reduced tongue-related complications (24.4% vs. 66.7%, p < 0.001). Specifically, MHFA had significantly fewer swallowing (11.1% vs. 37.0%, p = 0.009) and articulation defects (13.3% vs. 44.4%, p = 0.003). TDI scores were markedly lower in MHFA (1.63 ± 0.53 vs. 2.23 ± 0.50, mean difference 0.60 [0.34-0.85], p < 0.001), particularly in swallowing, articulation, and psychological subdomains (all p < 0.05). Strong correlation existed between tongue deviation and TDI scores (r = 0.890, p < 0.001). Facial nerve recovery showed no intergroup difference (HB score improvement: 2.40 ± 0.69 vs. 2.33 ± 0.73, p = 0.699). MHFA appears promising for reducing tongue morbidity, but its clinically relevant advantage over HFA requires prospective validation using standardized outcomes.

PMID 42871405
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PubMedACS ES&T air2026-10-14

Combustion Conditions are the Major Drivers of the Variability in Organic Aerosol Chemical Composition and Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation in Emissions from Simulated Wildland Fires.

Abdurrahman Muhammad I MI, Caraway Michael T MT, Kusumo Nicholas N, Carroll Thomas T et al.

Wildland-fire emissions exhibit large variability in aerosol physicochemical properties and potential for forming secondary organic aerosol (SOA). Whether this variability is primarily driven by differences in fuel type or combustion conditions remains unresolved. To address this gap, we performed simulated wildland-fire experiments using fuel beds that contained either surface fuels only or a duff layer underneath the surface fuels. We varied the dry mass loading and moisture content of the surface fuels within ranges encountered in prescribed fires in the Southeastern U.S. Less efficient combustion, which resulted from increased dry mass loading, increased moisture content, or including duff in the fuel bed, produced less light-absorbing organic aerosol (OA) and formed more SOA. Including duff also produced OA with higher nitrogen content. A proof-of-concept experiment using surface fuels conditioned to reproduce inefficient combustion conditions similar to those of duff emitted OA with nitrogen content, light-absorption properties, and SOA formation potential comparable to those of duff OA emissions. Given the profound differences in molecular composition between surface fuels and duff, these results provide strong evidence that the difference in combustion conditions between duff and surface fuels was the major driver of the observed differences in OA physicochemical properties and SOA formation potential.

PMID 42871765
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PubMedAdvanced healthcare materials2026-10-14

Infection-Phase Biomolecular Coronas in Inhaled Nanomedicine.

Wu Zhenchao Z, Yao Taikang T, Shen Ning N

An inhaled nanomedicine encounters two successive forms of remodeling: device-related changes during aerosol generation and biological conditioning after deposition. Respiratory infection adds a moving interface, as epithelial secretion, surfactant composition, plasma leakage, and neutrophil-derived material vary across airway compartments and over time. Pulmonary and disease-corona studies already establish that host environments influence nanoparticle identity. The next question is how this knowledge should change formulation selection and dosing for infected lungs. We propose an infection-phase framework based on measured, overlapping airway environments. It connects the post-aerosol particle to its surface-associated biomolecules, distinguishes this interface from aggregation and bulk mucus effects, and links analytical measurements to functional delivery. A staged research program begins with one compartment and two contrasting environments, then adds controlled particle-transfer experiments, candidate-component perturbation, and donor-level validation. Lipid nanoparticles, polymeric carriers, and nanozymes require different functional endpoints within this shared framework. The immediate translational output is a biorelevant performance stress test that identifies robust or environment-selective formulations and guides the next experiment.

PMID 42870554
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