Drug Database
SA

salbutamol (Proventil HFA / Epaq / Airomir)

✓ Approved

Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. · ADRB2 · Small Molecule

What is salbutamol?

salbutamol is a small molecule developed by Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.. It is approved for therapeutic indications via inhaled or topical.

Drug Profile

Brand NamesProventil HFA, Epaq, Airomir
CompanyTeva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
Molecular TargetADRB2
RouteInhaled, Topical
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

salbutamol acts on 1 molecular target:

ADRB2adrenoceptor beta 2 (B2AR, ARB2)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

salbutamol is developed for 3 unique indications across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disordersAsthma✓ Approved
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disordersBronchitis chronic✓ Approved
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disordersEmphysema✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedJournal of the American College of Cardiology2026-08-30

Short-Term Anticoagulant Therapy and Subclinical Leaflet Thickening in Transcatheter Aortic Valves: The NOTION-4 Trial.

Jørgensen Troels Højsgaard TH, Larsen Andreas Fuchs AF, Jensen Jesper Møller JM, Jensen Rebekka Vibjerg RV et al.

Following transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), subclinical leaflet thrombosis-visualized on cardiac computed tomography (CT) as hypoattenuated leaflet thickening (HALT)-is common and might be associated with thromboembolic events. The NOTION-4 trial investigates different antithrombotic treatment strategies for the prevention of HALT. NOTION-4 was a randomized controlled trial enrolling patients without an indication for oral anticoagulation shortly after successful TAVR. Patients were randomized to lifelong single antiplatelet therapy (SAPT) or 3 months of direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) therapy followed by lifelong SAPT (DOAC-3m). The primary endpoint was HALT prevalence at 12 months. The trial was powered for superiority of the experimental strategy. Of 352 patients randomized 1:1, 5 were screen failures or withdrew consent, leaving 176 in the SAPT group and 171 in the DOAC-3m group. At 3 months, HALT was observed in 31.8% of patients receiving SAPT compared with 12.1% of those receiving DOAC-3m. At 1 year, HALT occurred in 32.2% of SAPT patients and 28.3% of DOAC-3m patients with available CT scans (risk difference: -3.9%; 95% CI: -14.4% to 6.6%; P = 0.54). The combined risk of all-cause mortality, stroke, or major/life-threatening bleeding at 12 months was 2.3% in the SAPT group vs 8.2% in the DOAC-3m group (risk difference: 5.9%; 95% CI: 1.2% to 10.6%). Among TAVR patients without an indication for oral anticoagulation, 3 months of DOAC therapy significantly reduced the prevalence of HALT at 3 months compared with SAPT; however, this effect was attenuated by 9 months after discontinuation of DOAC therapy. (The Nordic Aortic Valve Intervention Trial 4 [NOTION-4]; NCT06449469).

PMID 42669071
Read full article →
PubMedDrug development and industrial pharmacy2026-08-30

Development of Extended-Release Oral Dosage Forms of Salbutamol Sulfate Using the Hot-Melt Extrusion Manufacturing Technique.

Ramadan Banan B, Al-Zoubi Nizar N, Migdadi Eman E, AlSuwais Alia Kh AK et al.

To fabricate and characterize extrudable polymeric matrices using a combination of ethyl cellulose (EC) and two different grades of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) that can provide sustained drug release of the model drug salbutamol sulfate. Implementation of the Hot-Melt Extrusion (HME) technique in the fabrication of polymeric combinations that will provide ready-to-use matrices for sustained release dosage forms. Two formulation groups were developed; each with six formulations. The first group contained EC: HPC 370,000 ratios ranging from 55.52:13.8% to 6.9:62.46%, respectively. The second group contained EC: HPC 80,000 ranging from 59.4:10% to 9.4:60%, respectively. The release profiles were determined via in vitro studies to assess the ability of matrices to prolong salbutamol release. Solid-state characterization was also performed on the raw material and representative extrudates formulations using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and polarized light microscopy (PLM). The first group formulations exhibited prolonged drug release profiles that accelerated progressively as the level of HPC 370,000 increased. In contrast, the second group formulations exhibited a noticeably faster release, demonstrating that HPC 80,000 can effectively accelerate drug release through enhanced matrix erosion and water penetration. DSC and XRPD revealed that the model drug remained in its stable crystalline state even after thermal processing via HME. PLM further confirmed drug crystallinity within the extrudates. EC-HPC matrices successfully demonstrated the feasibility of using HME to prepare sustained-release matrices for salbutamol sulfate with the ability to tune drug release by varying polymer grade and ratio.

PMID 42669207
Read full article →
PubMediScience2026-08-30

Contrasting chemical characteristics and secondary formation of PM2.5 from mountain and urban sites in central China.

Ren Lihong L, Li Hong H, Chen Shuang S, Zhang Renjian R et al.

The vertical distribution of aerosol is critical to understand the effect of aerosol on climate. This work explored chemical characteristics of PM2.5 at three urban and one mountain sites in Shiyan located in central China. Annual PM2.5 mass concentrations at the mountain site were 70% of urban levels. The total of sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium (SNA) dominated PM2.5, showing higher proportion (49.3%) at mountain site. SNA shows the homogeneous vertical distribution in spring, summer, and autumn with coefficient of divergences below 0.2, whereas most of components were more abundant at urban sites in winter. Higher nitrogen oxidation ratio (0.27) and ratio of secondary organic carbon to organic carbon (0.65) indicated that the aerosol in mountainous atmosphere exhibited a greater degree of aging compared to that at urban sites. These findings enhance our understanding of the vertical distribution of PM2.5 composition and provide a scientific foundation for regional atmospheric pollution control.

PMID 42668565
Read full article →
PubMedJournal of infection prevention2026-08-30

Can isolated negative-pressure devices reduce transmission of respiratory infection in critical care units: A laboratory-based controlled experimental observational study.

Gupta Sunit Kumar SK, Aggarwal Nidhima N, P Nisha M NM, Chamala Vamshidhar V et al.

Healthcare workers in critical care settings are at increased risk of acquiring respiratory infections, particularly during aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs). Portable negative-pressure isolation devices have been proposed to fix airborne infection in isolation rooms. To evaluate whether an isolated negative-pressure device reduces bacterial and fungal aerosol dispersion under controlled laboratory conditions. This laboratory-based controlled experimental observational study assessed aerosol containment across three techniques: (1) no cover, (2) plastic sheet canopy barrier, and (3) a portable negative-pressure isolation system. Standardized 5 mL suspensions of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Aspergillus flavus were nebulized on three separate days for each technique. Nutrient agar plates were placed and colony-forming units (CFU) were manually counted. The primary outcome was the mean CFU per technique per day. One-way ANOVA with post-hoc Welch's t-tests (Bonferroni-corrected) was used for statistical comparison. A total of 36 bacterial and fungal plates were analysed. For bacterial aerosols, mean CFU was highest with no cover (535.6 ± 5.38), lower with plastic sheet canopy barrier (429.5 ± 5.41), and lowest with the negative-pressure system (217.5 ± 17.5). Differences were statistically significant (ANOVA p = 9.8 × 10-8; η2 = 0.995). Fungal CFU demonstrated a similar pattern with significantly lower CFU for Technique 3 compared with both other techniques (p < .001). The negative-pressure isolation device significantly reduced airborne dispersion of bacterial and fungal aerosols compared with plastic sheet canopy barrier methods. These findings support the use of portable negative-pressure systems to enhance aerosol containment during AGPs. Further clinical validation is recommended.

PMID 42668657
Read full article →
PubMedTransboundary and emerging diseases2026-08-30

A Multi-Reassortant H3N8 Avian Influenza Virus Derived From Migratory Birds in Eastern China Exhibits Cross-Species Transmission Potential.

Guo Yunfei Y, Yang Zhonglong Z, Yang Hui H, Miao Xinyu X et al.

Migratory birds are one of the main reservoirs and long-distance transmission vectors of avian influenza viruses (AIVs). A migratory-bird-origin H3N8 subtype AIV (A/wild bird/Huadong/sy17/2024, hereafter named as WD/HDsy17/24) was isolated and identified in Jiangsu Province, Eastern China, in 2024. However, few studies have been conducted on the cross-species transmission potential of H3N8 AIVs from migratory birds. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the eight gene segments of WD/HDsy17/24 originated from different subtypes of AIV such as H3N8, H1, H5N1, H5N2, and H7N7 and was a multirecombinant virus. WD/HDsy17/24 virus showed a binding affinity to both SAα-2, 3-galactose (Gal) and SA α-2, 6 Gal receptors, relatively weak thermal stability and pH stability. The SPF chicken pathogenicity indicated that the virus only causes mild respiratory symptoms and leads to lung hemorrhage and congestion. The mice pathogenicity indicated that the body weight of infected mice drops to the lowest value on the third day after infection, the lung-to-body ratio significantly increases, and inflammatory or edema lesions appear in the lungs. Moreover, this virus can infect guinea pigs through contact transmission and aerosol transmission routes from infected SPF chickens. After infection, obvious secretions can be seen in the eyes of guinea pigs. In the contact transmission group, viral shedding was detected in the nasal wash of one guinea pig at 6 days postinfection (dpi). In the aerosol transmission group, viral shedding was detected in the nasal washes of one guinea pig at both 10 and 12 dpi and in another guinea pig at 14 dpi. After 21 days, the seroconversion rate of serum antibodies in both groups is 100%. These findings underscore the need for continued surveillance of H3N8 viruses to identify circulating strains that may potentially threaten human health.

PMID 42668438
Read full article →
PubMedFrontiers in immunology2026-08-29

Analysis of influencing factors for syphilis serofast and development and evaluation of a predictive model.

Wen Jing J, Li Zhen Z, Li Wenchao W, Liu Danxuan D et al.

With the rising incidence of syphilis in recent decades, the number of patients with syphilis serofast has also increased, posing challenges to clinical management of patients and increasing the social burden. In this study, we aimed to analyze influencing factors associated with syphilis serofast, develop and validate a predictive model for clinical prevention of syphilis serofast. A total of 373 syphilis patients were selected as the study subjects. Using a multivariate logistic regression model to analyze the relevant influencing factors of syphilis serofast, and the receiver operating curve (ROC) was used to evaluate the predictive performance of relevant influencing factors for syphilis serofast. Additionally, 187 syphilis patients were selected to verify the performance of the aforementioned model. Among the 373 syphilis patients, serofast occurred in 134 patients (35.92%). Multivariate logistic analysis indicated that syphilis stage (SS), baseline TRUST titer (BTT), and TRUST titer changes at three months post-treatment (TTC-3M) were closely associated with the occurrence of syphilis serofast. Further ROC curve analysis revealed that the combined prediction of serofast by these three factors yielded an area under the ROC curve of 0.87 (95% CI: 0.84-0.91, P < 0.001). Subsequently, the predictive performance of the aforementioned model was evaluated, achieving an actual sensitivity of 0.88 and a specificity of 0.81 in 187 syphilis patients. SS, BTT, and TTC-3M are key factors influencing the occurrence of syphilis serofast. The predictive model constructed based on these three factors exhibits good efficacy and possesses clinical application value.

PMID 42666222
Read full article →

+9996 more articles available with a free account

Sign up free to view all articles →

Ask about salbutamol