Drug Database
ID

idoxuridine (idoxuridine, APR / Apridin C / Apridin)

✓ Approved

Pierre Fabre S.A. · · Small Molecule

What is idoxuridine?

idoxuridine is a small molecule developed by Pierre Fabre S.A.. It is approved for therapeutic indications via topical.

Drug Profile

Brand Namesidoxuridine, APR, Apridin C, Apridin
CompanyPierre Fabre S.A.
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
Molecular Target,
RouteTopical
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Pierre Fabre S.A.

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

idoxuridine acts on 2 molecular targets:

(UL30)
(UL30)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

idoxuridine is developed for 2 unique indications across 2 therapeutic areas.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Infections and infestationsHerpes simplex✓ Approved
Congenital, familial and genetic disordersCongenital herpes simplex infection✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedThe Lancet regional health. Western Pacific2026-10-14

Burden of typhoid fever in primary and hospital care in Indonesia: a serial cross-sectional study using national health insurance (BPJS Kesehatan) data, 2015-2023.

Oktaria Vicka V, Ramadhani Achmad Dzaky AD, Maula Ahmad Watsiq AW, Murni Indah Kartika IK et al.

Despite Indonesia's high typhoid burden, subnational prevalence data remain sparse, limiting risk mapping and targeted interventions. We characterised trends in typhoid presentation in primary care and hospital settings, described geographic patterns, and identified factors associated with hospitalisation. We conducted a serial cross-sectional study using the multi-year Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS) Kesehatan national insurance sample. Typhoid fever cases were identified using ICD-10 codes A01.0-A01.09, with sampling weights applied to generate nationally representative estimates. Temporal trends were assessed using time-series analyses, and factors associated with hospitalisation using Poisson regression. From 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2023, an estimated 8,180,668 ICD-10 coded typhoid-related healthcare visits were recorded, including 3,895,695 hospital admissions. Mean annual prevalence peaked at 314 per 100,000 in hospitals (2016) and 347 per 100,000 in primary care (2017), with the highest prevalence among children younger than 5 years. Cases were concentrated on Java. Higher proportion of hospitalisation was observed among BPJS Kesehatan-subsidised participants (aPR 1·07; 95% CI: 1·05-1·09), elderly aged ≥65 years (aPR 1·07; 95% CI: 1·04-1·09), and children (0-5 years: aPR 1·02; 95% CI: 1·01-1·03; 6-18 years: aPR 1·03; 95% CI: 1·02-1·04). Typhoid fever remains a substantial public health burden in Indonesia despite a declining trend. Higher hospitalisation among subsidised participants and vulnerable age groups reflects persistent socioeconomic and age-related inequities. Control efforts should integrate water and sanitation improvements and vaccination, informed by epidemiological patterns to optimise geographic targeting and dose scheduling. Gates Foundation.

PMID 42871585
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PubMedFrontiers in psychiatry2026-10-14

Suicide attempt risk in autism: a national EHR study of 2.3 million individuals.

Baker Monika M, Lam Wai-Yin WY, Virtosu Mihai M, de Lacy Nina N

Suicide attempts (SA) are elevated in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but population-level data characterizing how SA prevalence varies across demographic and clinical subgroups - at the scale and granularity needed to inform evidence-based risk stratification - have been largely unavailable. This study examines SA prevalence across sex, age group, psychiatric comorbidity type, and substance use disorder subtype in the largest real-world ASD cohort to date. We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional analysis using Epic Cosmos electronic health record data from 2,311,171 individuals with ASD identified by International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) codes, spanning 2016-2025. SA prevalence was calculated with Wilson score 95% confidence intervals. Modified Poisson regression with robust variance estimation was used to estimate adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) for sex, age group, and psychiatric comorbidity. Unadjusted prevalence ratios (uPRs) were calculated separately for individual comorbidity types and substance use disorder subtypes. Supplementary sensitivity analyses were conducted to examine SA prevalence by intellectual disability (ID) status and race/ethnicity. Overall SA prevalence was 1.7% (38,160 individuals). Females showed higher SA prevalence than males (2.9% vs. 1.2%; aPR 1.61, 95% CI 1.35-1.92). SA prevalence peaked in the 15-24 age group overall (aPR 5.14, 95% CI 3.62-7.29), with sex-stratified analyses revealing that females peaked earlier (15-24 years; aPR 4.33, 95% CI 4.23-4.43) than males (25-34 years; aPR 6.08, 95% CI 5.05-7.31) - a sex-specific divergence in the timing of peak SA prevalence not previously documented in ASD. Having at least one psychiatric comorbidity was associated with a 30-fold higher SA prevalence (aPR 30.56, 95% CI 26.03-35.89), with the effect stronger in females (aPR 36.54, 95% CI 31.04-43.01) than males (aPR 27.77, 95% CI 22.65-34.06). Among comorbidity categories, substance-related disorders showed the highest crude SA prevalence (16.9%; uPR 134.20, 95% CI 67.68-266.10). Substance use disorder subtype analysis revealed SA prevalence ranging from 19.7% to 24.3% across all five substance use disorder subtypes examined, with stimulant use disorder showing the highest unadjusted prevalence ratio of any subtype (uPR 196.11, 95% CI 100.63-382.20). In supplementary sensitivity analyses, SA prevalence was higher among individuals with ID (2.37-2.38%) than without (1.58%) and ranged by race/ethnicity from 0.65-0.92% (Non-Hispanic Other Race) to 2.25-2.28% (Non-Hispanic Multi-race). SA prevalence in ASD is markedly elevated relative to the general population and varies meaningfully by sex, age, comorbidity profile, intellectual disability status, and race/ethnicity in clinically important ways. Females carry a disproportionate SA burden relative to males, with peak vulnerability arriving earlier in adolescence; males peak later in young adulthood and remain at elevated risk into midlife. Psychiatric comorbidity - particularly substance use disorders - is associated with the largest relative elevations in SA prevalence. In supplementary analyses, individuals with intellectual disability showed elevated SA prevalence relative to those without, and prevalence varied substantially by race/ethnicity, with the highest burden observed among Non-Hispanic Multi-race individuals. These population-level estimates are directly applicable to EHR-based risk stratification models and can inform the development of ASD-specific clinical decision support tools that concentrate surveillance and intervention on those at demonstrably elevated risk, rather than applying uniform approaches across a heterogeneous population.

PMID 42871423
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PubMedSexual health2026-10-13

Awareness, willingness to use and use of doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men in China: a national cross-sectional survey.

Yin Zhuoheng Z, Zhang Xiaojin X, Li Lan L, Fitzpatrick Thomas S TS et al.

Bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs) disproportionately impact gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) in China. Doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis (DoxyPEP) can prevent syphilis and chlamydia among GBMSM; however, it has not yet been officially endorsed in China. This study aims to investigate the perceptions and use of DoxyPEP among GBMSM in a nationwide sample. We conducted a nationwide online cross-sectional survey in China between November 2024 and February 2025. Participants were recruited through community-based organizations and Centers for Disease Control offices using convenience and snowball sampling. Eligible participants were cisgender GBMSM aged ≥18 years living in China. The survey assessed sociodemographic characteristics, sexual behaviors, and DoxyPEP awareness, willingness and use. Modified Poisson regression with robust variance estimation was used to identify correlates of DoxyPEP awareness, willingness and use. A total of 1022 GBMSM completed the survey (mean age 29 years); 96.9% identified as gay/bisexual. Most were unmarried (87.7%), had graduated college (87.8%) and had a monthly income >USD750 (68.3%). Overall, 55.1% had heard of DoxyPEP, 42.7% reported willingness to use it and 12.8% had previously used it. DoxyPEP awareness was associated with prior HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use (aPR 1.47, 95% CI: 1.31-1.65) and recent sexual activity with female partners (aPR 1.42, 95% CI: 1.23-1.64). Willingness to use DoxyPEP was associated with multiple casual sexual partners (aPR 1.41, 95% CI: 1.15-1.73), commercial sex (aPR 1.31, 95% CI: 1.07-1.62), prior PrEP use (aPR 1.22, 95% CI: 1.05-1.41) and DoxyPEP awareness (aPR 2.12, 95% CI: 1.78-2.53). The most reported barriers were insufficient information (72.7%), concerns about side-effects (35.5%) and doubts about effectiveness (30.6%). DoxyPEP use was associated with multiple casual partners (aPR 2.17, 95% CI: 1.22-3.85), commercial sex (aPR 1.63, 95% CI: 1.07-2.47), prior PrEP use (aPR 2.56, 95% CI: 1.75-3.74) and DoxyPEP awareness (aPR 14.60, 95% CI: 6.12-34.80). DoxyPEP awareness and willingness among GBMSM in China were moderate; however, actual uptake remained low. Having multiple sexual partners, commercial sex history, and prior HIV PrEP experience were associated with DoxyPEP willingness and use. Targeted health education and integration of DoxyPEP into existing HIV and STI prevention services may facilitate scaled uptake of DoxyPEP in practice.

PMID 42863506
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PubMedRevista peruana de medicina experimental y salud publica2026-10-13

Prevalence and factors associated with high arsenic exposure in the adult population of Chumbivilcas in Cusco, Peru 2024.

Jaramillo-Corrales Alex A, Oscco-Abarca Ruth Nelly RN, Benito-Calderón Eduarda E, Pechuga-Melgar Milton Cesar MC et al.

To determine the prevalence and factors associated with high arsenic exposure in the adult population of the province of Chumbivilcas in Cusco, Peru 2024. Analytical cross-sectional study in 370 adults selected through stratified cluster probability sampling by district. The urinary arsenic concentration was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and adjusted for creatinine; high exposure was defined as a concentration ≥20 μg As/g of creatinine. Sociodemographic and occupational characteristics, epidemiological history of exposure, and environmental factors were evaluated as potential associated factors. Adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated using Poisson regression models with a log link. The prevalence of high arsenic exposure was 68.2% (95% CI: 61.9-73.9). Exposure at work was associated with a higher prevalence of high arsenic (aPR 1.29; 95% CI: 1.07-1.56), as was the consumption of spring water (aPR 1.19; 95% CI: 1.01-1.40). Exposure at home (aPR 0.83; 95% CI: 0.69-0.99) and the respiratory route (aPR=0.82; 95% CI: 0.72-0.92) showed a lower prevalence of high arsenic. The adult population of Chumbivilcas presented a high prevalence of arsenic exposure. Exposure at work and the use of spring water were associated with a higher prevalence. Studies incorporating environmental measurements are required to guide surveillance and prevention actions.

PMID 42867953
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PubMedCancer medicine2026-10-13

Under One Roof: Household Composition and Health-Related Quality of Life Among Cancer Survivors.

Alizai Qaidar Q, Arena Lorenza L, Charalampous Charalampos M CM, Elemosho Abdulaziz A et al.

Household size and composition may be associated with health-related quality of life (HRQoL), yet these associations remain poorly characterized among cancer survivors. We examined how household adult composition and presence of children were associated with HRQoL among U.S. cancer survivors. Adult (aged ≥ 18 years) cancer survivors were included from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) 2017-2024. Household composition was defined by number of adults (1, 2, or ≥ 3) and presence of children (none vs. ≥ 1). Outcomes included poor physical health (PPH), poor mental health (PMH; each defined as ≥ 14 days/month), and fair/poor general health. Multivariable Poisson regression was used to estimate adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) with 95% confidence intervals. Among 138,360 cancer survivors, 45.2% (n = 62,605) resided in single-adult households, 47.1% (n = 65,132) in two-adult households, and 7.7% (n = 10,623) in households with ≥ 3 adults; children were present in 5.1% (n = 7063) of households. After adjustment, two-adult household residence was associated with lower prevalence of poor physical health (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] 0.93, 95% CI 0.87-0.99), poor mental health (aPR 0.90, 95% CI 0.82-0.98), and fair/poor general health (aPR 0.92, 95% CI 0.88-0.97; all p ≤ 0.019) compared with single-adult households. Residence with ≥ 3 adults and child presence was not associated with any examined HRQoL outcome after adjustment. Exploratory stratified analyses identified associations within several sociodemographic subgroups. Two-adult household residence was consistently associated with better HRQoL. Single-adult household status may represent a simple social risk marker to inform survivorship assessment.

PMID 42864861
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PubMedClinical and experimental dental research2026-10-13

Surface Properties, Color Stability, and Bacterial Adhesion of Implant-Supported Provisional Restorative Materials: In Vitro Study.

Galvão Júlia Bárbara Medeiros JBM, Costa Richelle Nunes RN, da Silva Bezerra Aliane A, Marinho Liliane Cristina Nogueira LCN et al.

To evaluate surface roughness, wettability, color stability, and bacterial adhesion of different materials used in implant-supported provisional restorations. Eighty samples (6 × 6 × 2 mm ± 0.2 mm) were fabricated and distributed into four groups (n = 20): Bis-acryl composite resin (BCR); CAD-CAM PMMA resin (Milled); Auto-polymerized acrylic resin (APR); prefabricated acrylic tooth (PT). Surface roughness was measured using a 3D optical profilometer, wettability by the sessile drop method, and color stability with a spectrophotometer after immersion in distilled water and coffee. Bacterial adhesion was assessed through Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation and quantified spectrophotometrically after crystal violet staining. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test (α = 0.05). Bis-acryl composite resin (BCR) showed the lowest surface roughness, while prefabricated acrylic tooth (PT) exhibited higher roughness and contact angle values (p < 0.001) and the greatest color change (ΔE ≥ 3.3). BCR demonstrated the highest bacterial adhesion, whereas CAD-CAM PMMA resin (Milled) showed the lowest adhesion. The behavior of provisional restorative materials is influenced by their composition, affecting surface, optical, and biological performance. Lower surface roughness did not result in reduced biofilm formation. CAD/CAM-milled and Auto-polymerized resins showed more favorable overall performance.

PMID 42865037
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