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dequalinium chloride (Naxyl / Fluomizin / Donaxyl)

✓ Approved

Medinova · Small Molecule · Small Molecule

What is dequalinium chloride?

dequalinium chloride is a small molecule developed by Medinova. It is approved for therapeutic indications via intravaginal.

Drug Profile

Brand NamesNaxyl, Fluomizin, Donaxyl
CompanyMedinova
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
RouteIntravaginal
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Medinova

Therapeutic Indications

dequalinium chloride is developed for 4 unique indications across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Infections and infestationsVaginal infection✓ Approved
Infections and infestationsStreptococcal infection✓ Approved
Infections and infestationsWound infection fungal✓ Approved
Infections and infestationsTrichomoniasis intestinal✓ Approved

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PubMedJournal of colloid and interface science2026-07-17

Unlocking lattice oxygen mechanism via Fe-doping-accelerated surface reconstruction in CoNiMn-MOF heterojunction for superior OER performance in alkaline seawater.

Fang Taiping T, Zhang Xiaolin X, Li Hai H, Long Lingyun L et al.

Seawater electrolysis for hydrogen production is challenged by the competing chlorine evolution reaction (ClER) and chloride-induced corrosion at the anode. Herein, we report an Fe-CoNiMn-MOF heterojunction, (FeCoNi)OOH/Fe-CoNiMn-MOF, which undergoes in-situ reconstruction into a MOF/(oxy)hydroxide interface. Unlike conventional binary or ternary Fe-doped systems that merely optimize metal site activity, the quaternary metal centers (Fe, Co, Ni, Mn) in this work exhibit a unique synergistic electronic redistribution where Co becomes electron-enriched as the primary active site while Ni and Mn act as electron donors. This configuration not only lowers the reconstruction energy barrier but also transforms the OER pathway from the AEM to the LOM, reducing the energy barrier to 1.47 eV, as confirmed by pH-dependence, TMA+ probe, and DFT calculations. Moreover, Fe doping weakens Cl- adsorption, effectively suppressing ClER. The catalyst delivers overpotentials of 216 and 264 mV at 10 and 100 mA cm-2, respectively, with a Tafel slope of 32.61 mV dec-1, near-unity Faradaic efficiency, and 100 h stability in alkaline seawater. This work demonstrates the simultaneous triple function of Fe doping in a multimetallic MOF heterojunction promoting reconstruction, switching reaction pathway, and repelling chloride, offering a new paradigm for durable seawater splitting.

PMID 42462671
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PubMedFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology2026-07-17

Predictors for identifying autoimmune encephalitis in pediatric patients.

Sun Yanmeng Y, Yang Shangmin S, Wang Mengyuan M, Xu Huan H et al.

This study aimed to identify the independent predictors and develop a predictive model for autoimmune encephalitis (AE) in pediatric populations. This retrospective study comprised 88 pediatric patients with encephalitis (37 AE cases and 51 non- AE cases) at Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University between May 2020 and April 2025. Lasso regression analysis, univariate and multivariate logistic analysis was used to identify autoimmune encephalitis associated risk factors. The nomogram visualized the results. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration plots, Brier scoring and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to evaluate the diagnostic model. 16 clinical variables significantly differed between the autoimmune encephalitis and non-autoimmune encephalitis groups. Lasso regression analysis, univariate and multivariate logistic analysis identified four significant independent predictors: age (OR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.09-1.91; P = 0.010), proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid/100(C.Protein.100) (OR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.65-1.00; P = 0.049), chloride in the cerebrospinal fluid(C. Chloride) (OR: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.00-1.92; P = 0.050), and spontaneous remission (OR: 21.14; 95% CI: 3.17-141.17; P = 0.002) were risk factors for autoimmune encephalitis. The predictive model demonstrated excellent discrimination (AUC 0.976, 95% CI 0.947-1.000) and calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow p = 0.886, R²=0.9796, Brier score 0.052). This study established and validated a high-performance predictive model incorporating four clinically accessible parameters for the diagnosis of pediatric autoimmune encephalitis.

PMID 42465842
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PubMedInternational journal of biological macromolecules2026-07-17

Fabrication of multifunctional chitosan/deep eutectic solvent aerogels loaded with phycocyanin/betacyanin pigments toward intelligent food packaging.

Naghdi Shahab S, Rezaei Masoud M, Hosseini Seyed Fakhreddin SF, Ghiasvand Azadeh A

Novel chitosan-based intelligent aerogels were fabricated using neat chitosan aerogel (Chi-Aer), chitosan/choline chloride-glycerol aerogel (Chi/Ch-Gl-Aer), and chitosan/choline chloride-lactic acid aerogel (Chi/Ch-La-Aer). Owing to its superior antibacterial activity, Chi/Ch-La-Aer was selected as the base matrix for the incorporation of hybrid phycocyanin/betacyanin pigments at 10 and 20% concentrations, yielding Chi/DES/Phy-Bet 10%-Aer and Chi/DES/Phy-Bet 20%-Aer, respectively. The effects of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) and pigment incorporation on the structural, physicochemical, thermal, colorimetric, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties of the aerogels were comprehensively investigated. Structural analyses (FTIR, XRD, SEM, and TGA) confirmed strong intermolecular interactions and significant modifications in the aerogel network following DES and pigment incorporation. The developed aerogels maintained a highly porous structure, with porosity reaching 91.90% in pigment-loaded samples. Moreover, Chi/DES/Phy-Bet 20%-Aer exhibited enhanced antioxidant activity, showing 25.48% and 38.79% radical scavenging activity in DPPH and ABTS assays, respectively. The intelligent aerogels also demonstrated excellent color stability under room, refrigerated, and frozen storage conditions, with ΔE values remaining below 5 throughout storage. In addition, pigment-loaded aerogels displayed a rapid and distinct color response to ammonia, enabling visual detection of spoilage-related volatile compounds. Overall, the synergistic integration of chitosan, DESs, and phycocyanin/betacyanin pigments resulted in multifunctional biodegradable aerogels with antioxidant, antibacterial, and intelligent sensing capabilities. These findings highlight the potential of Chi/DES/Phy-Bet aerogels as sustainable active and intelligent packaging materials for real-time seafood freshness monitoring and spoilage detection.

PMID 42463091
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PubMedPhysical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP2026-07-17

CO2 solvation regimes in deep eutectic solvents revealed by internal-pressure profile.

Ainai Yuto Y, Yokoyama Chiaki C, Smith Richard Lee RL, Kodama Daisuke D

The thermodynamic internal pressure quantifies the balance of molecular-scale attractions and repulsive volume-exclusion effects, providing a basis for interpreting CO2 solvation in deep eutectic solvents (DESs). By precisely correlating high-pressure pvTx data for representative type III ethylene glycol-based DESs (choline chloride, tetrabutylammonium bromide, tetrabutylphosphonium bromide) under CO2-saturated conditions with a Hybrid-Tait equation, the resulting internal-pressure profiles allow identification of three thermodynamic response regimes: (i) progressive occupation of high-affinity CO2 interaction environments, (ii) growth of CO2-enriched regions associated with available free volume, and (iii) transition from supercritical gas-like to liquid-like behavior near the Widom-line pressure of pure CO2. Unlike typical liquid solutions, CO2-DES systems show a secondary rise in internal pressure at elevated CO2 loadings, consistent with coupling between a non-volatile associative phase and an increasingly liquid-like supercritical phase. Internal-pressure profiles offer a quantitative framework for relating CO2 solvation behavior, cohesive energy density, and thermodynamic response in DESs, with broader relevance to non-volatile associative liquid systems.

PMID 42466861
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PubMedInternational journal of biological macromolecules2026-07-17

Modulation of cellulase stability and activity by betaine- and choline-polyol based deep eutectic solvents.

Hatimuria Madushmita M, Vishwakarma Jyoti J, Ananya V V, Anil Anjali A et al.

The depletion of fossil fuels and concerns over climate change have driven interest in lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) as a sustainable feedstock for biofuel production. Cellulose, the major biomacromolecular component of LCB, is efficiently converted into fermentable sugars through enzymatic hydrolysis; however, conventional pretreatment methods are energy-intensive and environmentally unfavourable. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs), particularly those derived from natural components, have emerged as green alternatives for biomass processing. For integrated single-pot bioconversion, DESs must be compatible with cellulase enzymes. In this study, the stability and activity of cellulase were evaluated in the presence of fourteen different DESs using experimental and computational approaches. The results show that choline chloride-polyol based DESs significantly enhance cellulase stability and catalytic activity, highlighting their potential as cellulase compatible media for sustainable one-pot lignocellulosic biomass conversion. Fluorescence spectroscopic analyses combined with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations revealed that cellulase adopts a compact and stable conformation while preserving its solvation shell. These findings highlight that careful selection of DESs is critical for the development of efficient DES-based biomass conversion processes.

PMID 42463090
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PubMedAngewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)2026-07-17

A Multidentate Coordination Complex-Based Self-Assembled Monolayer Stabilizes Perovskite Interface.

Wu Houen H, Lu Chen C, Suo Zhen-Yang ZY, Mu Xijiao X et al.

Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) have emerged as promising hole-selective contacts for buried-interface engineering in inverted perovskite photovoltaics. However, most reported SAMs rely on a single phosphonic-acid anchoring group, which is prone to desorption during device fabrication and operation. In addition, their limited affinity for perovskite precursors often leads to poor wettability and non-ideal interfacial film formation. Here, we report a multidentate Fe(III) porphyrin complex as a co-SAM component that simultaneously reinforces substrate anchoring and promotes interfacial coupling with the perovskite, thereby stabilizing the buried interface. The four phosphonic-acid groups on porphyrin enable robust tetradentate chelation with the oxide substrate, increasing the adsorption energy by more than threefold. Meanwhile, the Fe center stabilizes the axial chloride ligand, which interacts with perovskite precursor, increases the apparent surface energy by ∼30%, and reduces the contact angle by ∼40%, thereby promoting high-quality perovskite crystallization. As a result, small-area devices achieve a power conversion efficiency of 27.06% (certified 26.82%), while perovskite modules deliver 24.1% efficiency over a 21.54 cm2 aperture area, together with substantially improved operational stability. These results establish coordination-complex-based SAMs as an effective platform for stabilizing buried interfaces in perovskite photovoltaics.

PMID 42464475
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