Drug Database
IB

ibuprofen (ibuprofen, OSAT / OSAT ibuprofen)

✓ Approved

Paion · PTGS1 · Small Molecule

What is ibuprofen?

ibuprofen is a small molecule developed by Paion. It is approved for therapeutic indications via oral (po).

Drug Profile

Brand Namesibuprofen, OSAT, OSAT ibuprofen
CompanyPaion
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
Molecular TargetPTGS1, PTGS2
RouteOral (PO)
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Paion

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

ibuprofen acts on 2 molecular targets:

PTGS1prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (COX3, PCOX1)
PTGS2prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (GRIPGHS, hCox-2)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

ibuprofen is developed for 3 unique indications across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disordersMusculoskeletal pain✓ Approved
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disordersMyositis✓ Approved
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disordersRheumatoid arthritis✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedmedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences2026-07-17

Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon Accuracy in Anticipating Supplemental Opioid Use Following Third Molar Extraction.

van den Dries Sierra R SR, Panchal Neeraj N, Wang Steven S, Habib Rania A RA et al.

Accurately identifying patients who will require opioids after third molar extraction could improve pain management while supporting opioid stewardship. This study evaluated surgeon accuracy in predicting supplemental opioid use following treatment with ibuprofen and acetaminophen. Patients (N=85) undergoing third molar extraction were treated with a standardized analgesic regimen of ibuprofen+acetaminophen, with supplemental opioid if needed. Four surgeons independently reviewed preoperative radiographs, assessed surgical difficulty using the Pederson scale, and rated the likelihood of supplemental opioid use on a 5-point Likert scale. Inter-rater reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). The relationship between surgeon ratings and postoperative opioid use was evaluated using logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Seventeen patients used supplemental opioid analgesics. Inter-rater reliability among surgeons was moderate (ICC3=0.606, 95%CI: 0.505-0.700), while reliability of the average rating across surgeons was good (ICC3k = 0.860, 95% CI: 0.804-0.903). Median surgeon rating was not associated with postoperative opioid use (OR: 0.800, 95% CI: 0.414-1.51, p=0.496) and demonstrated poor discrimination (AUC: 0.551, 95% CI: 0.392-0.710). Surgeon ratings were positively associated with Pederson score (β=0.073, 95%CI: 0.050-0.096; p<0.001). Surgeons demonstrated moderate agreement, but these assessments did not accurately identify patients who ultimately required supplemental opioids. Surgeon judgments appeared to be influenced by anticipated surgical difficulty. Clinicians should follow current recommendations against routine "just-in-case" opioid prescribing after third molar extraction. Future studies should focus on identifying clinical and biological predictors of inadequate analgesic response to NSAIDs to support individualized pain management strategies.

PMID 42465898
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PubMedAdvances in pharmacological and pharmaceutical sciences2026-07-17

Ibuprofen and Palmitic Acid-Based Solvent Exchange-Induced In Situ Forming Matrices With Gentian Violet for Oropharyngeal Candidiasis and Periodontitis Treatment.

Phaechamud Thawatchai T, Phattanawasin Panadda P, Senarat Setthapong S, Puapermpoonsiri Utsana U et al.

Gentian violet (GV) is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent with documented efficacy against oropharyngeal candidiasis and periodontal pathogens, but its clinical use is limited by poor local retention. In situ forming matrices (ISMs) offer a promising strategy for sustained, localized drug delivery. This study aimed to develop and evaluate GV-loaded ISMs using ibuprofen (IBU) and palmitic acid (PA) as dual-function matrix-forming agents in DMSO and NMP solvents for the localized treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis and periodontitis. ISM formulations were prepared by simple mixing and characterized for viscosity, rheological behavior, injectability, mechanical properties, and in situ matrix formation. In vitro drug release of GV and IBU was quantified by a validated simultaneous HPLC method using an ACE C18 column with UV detection at 590 and 222 nm, respectively. Drug-release kinetics were modeled using zero-order, first-order, Higuchi, Korsmeyer-Peppas, and Peppas-Sahlin models. Antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, C. tropicalis, and Porphyromonas gingivalis was assessed by agar diffusion over 15 days. Molecular interactions were investigated using density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the B3LYP-D3BJ/6-31G(d,p) level. All formulations showed Newtonian-flow behavior and acceptable injectability (0.78-1.50 N). GV and IBU release followed the Peppas-Sahlin model, with NMP-based systems releasing GV and IBU faster due to more porous matrix architecture, while DMSO-based systems formed denser matrices with slower release. All GV-containing formulations maintained antimicrobial inhibition zones for up to 15 days. DFT calculations revealed strong GV-IBU (-1.63 eV) and GV-PA (-1.53 eV) binding energies, supporting sustained drug entrapment. GV-loaded IBU/PA-based ISMs demonstrate sustained antimicrobial efficacy for up to 15 days with solvent-dependent release behavior. These systems show potential as localized, single-injection therapies for oral infections. Stability evaluation and in vivo biocompatibility studies are identified as necessary future steps.

PMID 42466329
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PubMedCureus2026-07-17

Unravelling the Allergy Label: A Case of Successful Multi-drug Allergy De-labelling in a Patient.

Vassila Angeliki A, Teo Ying Y, Jones Michael A MA

We report the case of a 23-year-old woman with a pre-existing penicillin allergy label from childhood who presented with severe bilateral conjunctivitis and oral mucositis following a prodromal respiratory illness. Her symptoms worsened shortly after receiving doxycycline, raising concern for a drug reaction. Her condition progressed with significant ocular involvement requiring bilateral amniotic membrane grafting and subsequent immunosuppressive therapy. Investigations confirmed Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, supporting a diagnosis most consistent with Mycoplasma-induced rash and mucositis (MIRM), although Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) could not be fully excluded. Following recovery, a structured allergy work-up was undertaken, including patch testing, intradermal testing and graded oral provocation in accordance with established guidance. All tests were negative, and the patient successfully tolerated amoxicillin, doxycycline and ibuprofen without adverse reactions. This case demonstrates how a structured, multidisciplinary approach to drug allergy evaluation can facilitate de-labelling in patients with complex mucocutaneous presentations, restore access to first-line therapies and improve patient care.

PMID 42465146
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PubMedChemMedChem2026-07-16

Computer-Aided Drug Design, Synthesis, and In Vitro Safety Evaluation of Carprofen Analogs for Novel Alzheimer's Disease Therapeutics.

Acosta-Guzmán Paola P, Bedoya-Malagón Daniel D, Mercado-Coy Luisa L, Morantes Sandra Johanna SJ et al.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen, naproxen, and indomethacin, have reduced amyloid beta (Aβ) levels and improved cognitive function in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The objective of the current research is to evaluate different NSAIDs using computer-aided drug design (CADD) to explore their potential as new treatments for AD. CADD is an advanced technique for designing biologically active molecules and involves two primary approaches: structure-based virtual screening and ligand-based virtual screening. After identifying the NSAID with the highest affinity for amyloid Aβ1-42 fibrils (PDB 2BEG), we designed analogs through bioisosteric modifications. Twenty derivatives were created, and two carprofen analogs with the most promising properties were synthesized, yielding 75% success with compound A-1 and 70% with compound A-2. These analogs exhibited lower predicted IC50 values (1.57 μM) and more negative interaction energies (-6.43 and -6.67 kcal/mol for A-1 and A-2, respectively) compared to carprofen. Safety evaluations in L929 cells indicated that these compounds were safe at concentrations of 40 µM. In conclusion, two carprofen analogs were successfully designed and synthesized, demonstrating higher affinity for the amyloid Aβ1-42 fibrils, better-predicted IC50 values than carprofen, and safety in the L929 in vitro assay.

PMID 42457594
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PubMedBritish journal of clinical pharmacology2026-07-15

Ibuprofen vs. acetaminophen for acute mild-to-moderate pain management: A systematic review and meta-analysis of safety with a focus on paediatric populations.

Marseglia Gian Luigi GL, Marchisio Paola Giovanna PG, Milani Gregorio Paolo GP, Miraglia Del Giudice Michele M et al.

The purpose of this study is to compare the safety of ibuprofen and acetaminophen (paracetamol) for acute mild-to-moderate pain in children and adolescents through a systematic review and meta-analysis. PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were searched from inception to May 2026 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in patients aged 0-18 years that reported safety outcomes. RCTs enrolling adult or mixed-age populations in acute pain settings were also considered eligible when paediatric-relevant safety data could be extracted. The review was conducted and reported in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 statement. Primary outcomes were total adverse events (AEs), gastrointestinal, renal, hepatic and bleeding events. The risk of bias was assessed using RoB 2. Random-effects meta-analyses were expressed as risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Fifteen studies (2847 patients) were included across postoperative pain, musculoskeletal trauma, orthodontic pain and emergency department settings, with follow-up ranging from single-dose assessments to 12 months. Three studies, including 937 participants, contributed to the primary meta-analysis of any adverse event. Ibuprofen was not associated with a statistically significant difference in the risk of any adverse event compared with acetaminophen (RR 0.80, 95% CI 0.36-1.79; I2 = 2.9%). No serious renal or hepatic adverse events were reported. Available RCT evidence did not show a clear difference in short-term safety between ibuprofen and acetaminophen in paediatric and acute pain populations; however, the certainty of the evidence is limited. Patient factors and clinical context should guide drug choice. Larger RCTs with standardized safety reporting are needed.

PMID 42448615
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PubMedMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2026-07-15

Enhanced Photocatalytic Removal of Selected Pharmaceuticals from MBR-Treated Wastewater Using a g-C3N4/rGO Nanocomposite Under UV Irradiation.

Całus-Makowska Klaudia K, Caban Renata R, Zarzycki Robert R, Kamizela Tomasz T et al.

The presence of pharmaceuticals in treated wastewater has become an environmental concern due to their persistence, biological activity, and incomplete removal in conventional wastewater treatment systems. In this study, a g-C3N4/rGO nanocomposite was synthesized via thermal polycondensation of melamine in the presence of reduced graphene oxide and evaluated as a photocatalyst for the degradation of selected pharmaceuticals in membrane bioreactor (MBR)-treated wastewater. The obtained materials were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption-desorption measurements (BET), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV-Vis spectroscopy to evaluate their chemical structure, crystallinity, textural properties, morphology, and optical characteristics. Photocatalytic experiments were performed under UV irradiation using real wastewater spiked with carbamazepine, diclofenac, ibuprofen, and sulfamethoxazole at an initial concentration of 50 mg/L, selected to ensure reliable quantification under laboratory conditions. The complete removal of diclofenac and sulfamethoxazole was achieved within 30 min of treatment, while the presence of the nanocomposite enhanced the degradation efficiency of ibuprofen and carbamazepine by approximately 19% and 13%, respectively, compared to UV irradiation alone. The obtained results demonstrate the applicability of the investigated g-C3N4/rGO system for pharmaceutical degradation in real wastewater matrices and indicate its potential as a preliminary photocatalytic post-treatment approach.

PMID 42451713
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