Drug Database
RA

rabies vaccine

✓ Approved

China National Biotec Group · Vaccine · Vaccine

What is rabies vaccine?

rabies vaccine is a vaccine developed by China National Biotec Group. It is approved for therapeutic indications via injectable (others) or intramuscular (im) injection.

Drug Profile

CompanyChina National Biotec Group
Drug ClassVaccine
RouteInjectable (Others), Intramuscular (IM) Injection
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, China National Biotec Group

Therapeutic Indications

rabies vaccine is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Infections and infestationsRabies✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedFrontiers in immunology2026-07-17

Single-cell immune landscape of the central nervous system of mice infected with rabies virus.

Wang Xinyue X, Zhang Xinjie X, He Wenwen W, Xia Xianzhu X et al.

The fatality rate of virulent rabies virus (RABV) following central nervous system (CNS) invasion is nearly 100%. Infection with the virulent CVS-11 strain is associated with severe neurological symptoms and lethal outcomes, while the attenuated SRV9 strain can be cleared by the host. Although previous studies have investigated intracranial cytological and immunological changes, a high-resolution single-cell understanding is still lacking. Such resolution is essential for analyzing immune cell heterogeneity and intercellular communication networks. This study aimed to depict the immune response after CVS-11 and SRV9 infections at single-cell resolution, addressing the immune mechanisms influencing RABV infection outcomes. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on brains from CVS-11 infected, SRV9 infected, and mock infected mice. By analyzing over 100,000 cells, we constructed a comprehensive atlas of CNS immune responses. Compared with SRV9 infection, CVS-11 infection was associated with transcriptional signatures indicative of: a trend of microglial shifting toward a phagocytic signature enriched phagocytic phenotype, elevated expression of genes related to excessive neutrophilic inflammation, down regulation of NK cell functional genes (suggesting potential dysfunction), and increased expression of T cell exhaustion-related genes. In contrast, SRV9 infection correlated with microglial features indicative of an immunoregulatory phenotype, more precise NK cell antiviral function, more complete T cell activation and memory formation, and more coordinated immune interactions. The scRNA-seq data from this study suggest that virulent and attenuated RABV strains may induce distinct patterns of immune responses in the central nervous system: the former is accompanied by features of dysfunctional cellular responses, whereas the latter presents protective immune features associated with viral clearance. Notably, a set of signature genes (Fkbp5, Apod, Klf2, Socs3) and pathways was identified associated with lethal RABV infection. These findings provide new insights for rabies vaccine design and immunotherapy.

PMID 42465758
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PubMedbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology2026-07-17

Molecular-level analysis of serum IgG repertoires in COVID-19-vaccinated people with cystic fibrosis identifies abundant convergent antibodies.

Ionov Steven S, Connor Ruth I RI, Curtis Nicholas C NC, Shin Seungmin S et al.

People with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) are at increased risk of severe disease following respiratory viral infections including influenza and respiratory syncytial virus, and were therefore given priority for COVID-19 vaccination. Retrospective epidemiological data have revealed a lower incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and a reduced fatality rate among pwCF than in the general population, possibly from the stringent infection control measures and early adoption of protective behaviors. Despite several reports of adequate binding and neutralizing titers after vaccination, the molecular features of vaccine-elicited serum antibody repertoires in pwCF remain unknown. We performed high-resolution proteomic analysis of serum IgG, combined with next-generation sequencing of B cells, to quantitatively profile Spike (S)-reactive serological repertoires from nine infection-naïve pwCF after two doses of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine. We recombinantly expressed 20 IgG clonotypes from 6 pwCF as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and measured their binding and neutralization against vaccine-strain and variant viruses. All donors mounted strong binding and neutralizing titers to vaccine-strain virus. Ig-Seq revealed diverse serum repertoires in all vaccinees, with antibodies targeting the receptor-binding domain (RBD) comprising 64% of each circulating repertoire by abundance. Several serum IgG clonotypes identified across our cohort shared identical or similar IGHV and CDRH3 amino acid sequences with serum IgG from other pwCF or S-reactive mAbs isolated from non-CF individuals. These 'convergent' antibodies made up 14.6% of the anti-S repertoires in our cohort, reaching 24.8% in one pwCF. Convergent antibodies tended to be RBD-reactive and enriched in specific IGHV ; surprisingly, a higher abundance of convergent antibodies in serum correlated with a lower breadth of serum neutralization. All 20 mAbs bound Wuhan S with high affinity (EC 50 < 10 nM), and only RBD-reactive mAbs conferred neutralization to vaccine or variant pseudovirus. While most mAbs bound both the B.1.617.2 (Delta, 17/20) and B.1.1.529 (Omicron, 12/20) strains, convergent mAbs were less likely to bind either variant. Post-vaccine serum IgG repertoires in pwCF are dominated by RBD-focused, high-affinity antibodies and include a substantial convergent component shared with non-CF vaccinees. These findings demonstrate that pwCF mount antibody responses comparable to the general population, and a large group of convergent antibodies may contribute to strain-specific rather than cross-variant immunity.

PMID 42465256
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PubMedbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology2026-07-17

One Health genomic surveillance reveals structured urban rabies transmission and major surveillance gaps.

Brunker Kirstyn K, Dávila-Barclay Alejandra A, Díaz Elvis W EW, Kasaragod Sandeep S et al.

Persistent local foci remain a barrier to eliminating dog-mediated rabies. The processes sustaining micro-scale transmission, particularly in complex urban systems, remain poorly understood. We apply an integrated One Health genomic epidemiology framework to reconstruct a decade-long rabies virus (RABV) epidemic in Arequipa, Peru. Combining 133 new whole genomes with existing data, we produce the most comprehensive canine RABV dataset in Latin America and use whole-genome-informed phylogenetic, phylodynamic, and landscape analyses, to trace the epidemic from its first detection in 2015. Transmission was dominated by a single lineage estimated to be introduced around 2012, which spread for approximately 3 years before detection. We find that only 1-2% of infections are routinely detected, revealing extensive cryptic transmission and undermining case-based metrics for verifying disease freedom. Additional regional and transboundary introductions were detected, but only one resulted in sustained transmission. Within Arequipa city, transmission is highly structured, concentrated in densely populated and socioeconomically deprived areas, and shaped by urban connectivity, with roads and dry water channels facilitating spread and rivers acting as partial barriers. Together, our findings demonstrate that rabies persistence reflects interacting processes across spatial scales and support genomic-informed, spatially targeted surveillance and control strategies.

PMID 42465450
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PubMedFrontiers in immunology2026-07-17

Shared germline-biased plasmablast clonotypes shape early neutralizing antibody responses during acute Chikungunya virus infection.

Dixit Kritika K, Nayak Kaustuv K, Saini Manpreet Kaur MK, Qamar Sofia S et al.

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection causes acute febrile illness and severe joint inflammation, with some patients progressing to chronic arthritis. Early isotype-switched neutralizing antibody (nAb) responses have been associated with protection from chronic arthritis, but the cellular and molecular features of these early responses remain poorly defined. We performed single-cell sorting of plasmablasts (PBs) from patients with acute CHIKV infection and generated 94 human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). These were evaluated for binding to CHIKV-infected Vero cells and to purified CHIKV, neutralizing activity, isotype distribution, somatic hypermutation (SHM), and immunoglobulin gene usage. PB-derived antibodies were compared with CHIKV-specific memory B cell (MBC)-derived antibodies from seropositive individuals. Over one-third of PB-derived mAbs recognized CHIKV-infected Vero cells, and most were class-switched. Among these, 12 bound to purified CHIKV, and 6 of them showed neutralizing activity. All PB-derived nAbs had germline-like sequences with little to no SHM, and four displayed shared clonotypic features, including a conserved `WEL' motif in the CDRH3 region. Conversely, CHIKV-specific MBC-derived nAbs showed diverse but often higher levels of SHM, consistent with affinity maturation. Together, our findings suggest that early nAb responses generated during acute CHIKV infection are germline-biased with overlapping features suggestive of convergent clonotype responses, providing a cellular and molecular basis of the early protective humoral immunity.

PMID 42465777
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PubMedmedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences2026-07-17

Post-vaccination expansion of extrafollicular Th10 and regulatory Tfr cells distinguishes strong from weak influenza vaccine responses in older adults.

Mahajan Avinash S AS, Ravichandran Sathyabaarathi S, Marches Radu R, Yazici Yilmaz Yucehan YY et al.

Despite the superior efficacy of high-dose influenza vaccines, over one-third of older adults fail to respond. Yet, the mechanisms underlying this impaired vaccine responsiveness remain poorly understood. Here, we performed longitudinal profiling of older adults (n=60) receiving high-dose influenza vaccination to identify immune programs associated with vaccine responsiveness. Strong responders exhibited a primed baseline immune state characterized by elevated plasma cytokines and chemokines, followed by enhanced IFN-γ responses and coordinated transcriptional and epigenetic activation of cDC2 cells at day 1. By day 7, CD4⁺ T-cell trajectories diverged: strong responders preferentially expanded influenza-specific activated cTfh1 ( CXCR5 + CXCR3 + ICOS + CD38 + ) and influenza-specific Th10 ( CXCR5⁻ CXCR3 + PD1 + IL10⁺ ) cells, whereas weak responders expanded regulatory cTfr ( CXCR5⁺ FOXP3⁺ ) cells. Th10 expansion correlated with plasmablast and antibody responses and was independently validated in a larger influenza vaccination cohort, including younger adults. Functionally, Th10 cells promoted memory B-cell differentiation into plasmablasts and production of influenza-specific IgGs. TCR analyses revealed minimal clonal overlap between Th10 and cTfh1 cells. Together, these findings identify divergent helper and regulatory CD4⁺ T cell programs associated with vaccine responsiveness and establish Th10 cells as a previously unrecognized component of vaccine-induced humoral immunity.

PMID 42465941
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PubMedJournal of virological methods2026-07-17

Stability Analysis of Rabies Virus in the Environment.

Zhang Minghui M, Zhang Na N, Xu Xiaonuo X, Tao Xiaoyan X et al.

Rabies, a fatal zoonosis, remains a burden in developing countries. Concerns about indirect environmental transmission and appropriate post‑exposure prophylaxis (PEP) are increasing, yet data on RABV stability under various conditions are limited. In this study, we systematically evaluated the stability of RABV (CVS‑11 strain) on six surface (glass, rubber, plastic, polypropylene surgical mask, fabric, and paper) at 25℃, and its stability in brain tissue, muscle, and simulated saliva under three simulated seasonal conditions: summer (35℃, 75% RH), spring/autumn (15℃, 43% RH), and winter (4℃, 33% RH). Viral titers were determined by fluorescent focus assay, complemented by direct fluorescent antibody staining and qPCR for nucleic acid detection. On surfaces, RABV titers declined from about 107 FFU/mL to 103 FFU/mL over 72h, with inactivation occurring significantly faster on fabric than on other materials. Under simulated summer conditions, no infectious virus could be recovered from saliva after 12h or from brain and muscle tissues after 24h, but viral RNA remained detectable by qPCR. However, under spring/autumn and winter conditions, the virus still exhibited relatively high titers at 24h, with enhanced stability at 4℃. These findings provide an evidence‑based framework for diagnostic laboratories to interpret nucleic acid tests in degraded specimens and to establish sample acceptance criteria. By clarifying the limited time window of environmental infectivity, they also help alleviate rabies‑related anxiety and support more nuanced post‑exposure prophylaxis decisions.

PMID 42462824
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