Drug Database
PO

polio vaccine (OPV, Bio Farma / tOPV, Bio Farma)

✓ Approved

Bio Farma · Vaccine · Vaccine

What is polio vaccine?

polio vaccine is a vaccine developed by Bio Farma. It is approved for therapeutic indications via oral (po).

Drug Profile

Brand NamesOPV, Bio Farma, tOPV, Bio Farma
CompanyBio Farma
Drug ClassVaccine, Large Molecules
RouteOral (PO)
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Bio Farma

Therapeutic Indications

polio vaccine is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Surgical and medical proceduresPolio immunisation✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedWater research2026-07-17

Overlooked properties difference of biogenic sulfur resulting in distinct performance in serving as an electron donor for microbial denitrification.

Zhang N N, Yi G G, Ren R R, Zhang G G et al.

Biogenic sulfur (bio-S0) is recognized as a more efficient electron donor compared to its chemical counterpart in microbial denitrification. However, the performance differences among various types of bio-S0 remain poorly understood, posing a challenge in identifying the optimal variant. In this study, we comparatively investigated three distinct bio-S0 samples-bio-S0-A1 and bio-S0-A2, both obtained from single-reactor bio-S0 production processes with varying organic coating thicknesses, and bio-S0-B, sourced from a dual-reactor bio-S0 production process-alongside chemical sulfur (chem-S0) in terms of property characterization, denitrification performance, and microbial composition. Our results showed that bio-S0-B exhibited an elevated denitrification rate compared to the chem-S0, but was less effective than bio-S0-A1 and bio-S0-A2. This discrepancy could be attributed to the differing sulfur-related properties, such as polysulfane content and crystallinity. Regarding the other two bio-S0 samples (bio-S0-A1 and bio-S0-A2), our findings indicated that the organic coating negatively impacted denitrification performance. Inspired by this, we further demonstrated that bio-S0 can be optimized by destroying the organic coating, leading to an increase of up to 3.2-fold in denitrification rate. Variations of microbial composition were noted among different bio-S0 samples, with the relative abundance of Moheibacter showing a positive correlation with the denitrification rate. This study offers a property-based guideline for optimizing the selection of bio-S0 and further refining raw bio-S0 to enhance its effectiveness as an electron donor for denitrification.

PMID 42462649
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PubMedScientific reports2026-07-17

Evaluation of the properties of gel, film and paper coated with nanocellulose and nanochitin.

Dehghani Firouzabadi Mohammadreza M, Bousfield Douglas D, Tajvidi Mehdi M

Bio-based nano-materials have great potential as films and as paper coatings to produce materials that are suitable for food packaging. However, more needs to be understood about the characteristics of the starting materials and how they influence the final film properties. The objective of this study was to comparatively investigate the structural, thermal, mechanical, rheological, and functional properties of nanocellulose and nanochitin films or gels and their application as bio-coatings for paper. The thermal behavior of nanocellulose and nanochitin samples was similar. The tensile strength and strain of the nanocellulose films were significantly higher than those of the nanochitin films. The viscosity of both nanocellulose and nanochitin gels decreased uniformly with increasing shear rate. The coating process was carried out at a speed of 5 cm/s for single-layer and double-layer coatings. Bio-coating of the paper with nanochitin significantly improved the barrier properties (resistance to water, air, and oil penetration). At similar coat weights, the nanochitin-coated papers always consistently exhibited a lower thickness than the nanocellulose-coated papers. The brightness of nanocellulose-coated papers was higher than that of nanochitin-coated papers. This study demonstrates the potential of these bio-based nanomaterials for sustainable and effective paper bio-coatings.

PMID 42463733
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PubMedBioresource technology2026-07-17

Structural evolution and reaction pathways of hematite reduction by biomass-lignin derived bio-coke.

Wu Kefeng K, Ge Lichao L, Yao Lei L, Yang Chunxia C et al.

In this study, bio-cokes with different mass ratios were prepared by co-pyrolysis of pine sawdust and lignin, and their hematite reduction behavior, gas release characteristics, and carbon structural evolution at 600-1000 °C were systematically investigated. The results show that hematite reduction follows a stepwise pathway of Fe2O3 → Fe3O4 → FeO → Fe, with the FeO-to-Fe transition identified as the key rate-controlling step because it becomes thermodynamically favorable only above 800 °C. Increasing the lignin proportion improved the fixed carbon content of bio-coke, leading to higher reduction efficiency at all tested temperatures, with a maximum reduction rate of 96.8% at 1000 °C. TG-FTIR and kinetic analyses revealed that the P2-L1 sample released CO and CO2 more intensely and concentratively in the high-temperature region, thereby enhancing gas-phase reduction through the Boudouard reaction. Raman spectroscopy and microscopic observations further confirmed that higher lignin content promoted ordered carbon structural reorganization during high-temperature treatment, forming a more stable and graphitized carbon structure. This facilitated deeper deoxygenation and higher metallic iron yield. This work investigates the influence of lignin content variation in the blended feedstock on bio-coke structure and reduction performance, providing guidance for the development of biomass-derived reducing agents in low-carbon metallurgy.

PMID 42462832
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PubMedClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2026-07-17

Artificial Intelligence Across the Vaccine Clinical Trial Lifecycle: Evidence, Readiness, and Guardrails.

Idriss Jad J, Kalash Suha S, Faraj Jana Abu JA, Nolan Lauren L et al.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being used to support clinical research, but its value in vaccine clinical trials requires careful evidence-based assessment. Vaccine trials pose distinctive challenges, including high safety expectations in healthy participants, evolving pathogen exposure and baseline immunity, incomplete correlates of protection, applicability of findings to intended-use populations, and intense public scrutiny. We conducted a structured, vaccine-focused narrative review of AI applications across the vaccine trial lifecycle, supplemented by targeted clinical trial and vaccine pharmacovigilance studies with directly transferable methods. In the combined evidence base, evidence is strongest for operational uses, particularly recruitment, eligibility screening, trial matching, and risk-based monitoring. Applications to immune-response interpretation, correlates of protection, and vaccine safety surveillance are promising but remain less prospectively validated. Responsible adoption should be guided by intended tool use, evidence of strength, data governance, regulatory expectations, and preservation of human scientific and safety judgment.

PMID 42464875
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PubMedIranian journal of nursing and midwifery research2026-07-17

Investigate the Relationship Between Receiving the COVID-19 Vaccine and Menstrual Disorders among Females of Reproductive Age in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Esheaba Ola M OM, Fouly Howieda A HA, Kassem Fathia K FK

There are many physical side effects of the COVID-19 vaccine, including unexpected changes occurring in menstrual bleeding. This study aimed to assess the relation between the COVID-19 vaccine and disorders in menstruation among females of reproductive age. Participants were recruited from a nonprobability snowball sampling targeted at females who are living in Jeddah city between March 2022 and August 2022, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). A quantitative cross-sectional design was utilized to conduct the study, a nonexperimental design based on a single observation point. The sample size is estimated by the G*Power software to be 180, considering missed cases, it increased to 197. Regarding menstrual changes, n = 86 (43.65%) experienced a delay, and about one-third reported an earlier menstruation cycle. A significant relationship is observed between nationality, occupation, and changes in period (t = 3.89, P < 0.001 and t = -2.94, P < 0.004). There is no significant difference in the occurrence of complications among the different vaccine types. Receiving the COVID-19 vaccine was strongly linked with unexpected disturbance in menstruation among the studied group, from simple menstrual irregulates to reported amenorrhea after receiving the booster doses. However, the occurrence of menstrual cycle delays was not linked to the vaccine type. Further studies should be done to investigate each type of vaccine specifically to determine if the type of vaccine affects the reproductive function generally not only the menstrual cycle, in a larger survey for more generalizability.

PMID 42466287
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PubMedFrontiers in public health2026-07-17

Reframing vaccine narrative: a co-production study of a media campaign intervention to address childhood vaccine hesitancy among Nigerian parents and caregivers.

Ike Tarela Juliet TJ, Jidong Dung Ezekiel DE, Obi Callistar Kidochukwu CK, Ntaji Maureen Iru MI et al.

Childhood vaccine hesitancy is a public health concern. Nigeria is one of the countries with the highest rates of zero-dose childhood vaccination. This study makes an original contribution by adopting a co-production approach underpinned by interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) to meaningfully inform the co-production of a media campaign intervention with Nigerian parents/ caregivers whose child(ren) are not, or only partially, up to date with routine immunizations aimed at reducing childhood vaccine hesitancy and promoting uptake. A total of 10 parents or caregivers whose children were not up to date with their vaccinations were recruited for the study and participated in a focus group discussion. Data were analyzed using IPA. The findings reveal that hostility, misinformation, and the breakdown of trust in vaccines, alongside faith, tradition, and the lived logic of alternative protection, intersect to exacerbate hesitancy. The findings also reveal that clarity, reassurance, and empowerment in vaccine communication, underpinned by gendered voices, can build trust in vaccine messaging and encourage uptake. The study offers important insights for policymakers and public health communication strategies, underscoring the need for culturally appropriate media campaign interventions that address vaccine-related concerns and foster uptake.

PMID 42465634
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