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cannabidiol (Xalex 10)

✓ Approved

RAMM Pharma · CNR1

What is cannabidiol?

cannabidiol is a therapeutic agent developed by RAMM Pharma. It is approved for therapeutic indications via oral (po).

Drug Profile

Brand NamesXalex 10
CompanyRAMM Pharma
Molecular TargetCNR1, TRPV1, GPR55
RouteOral (PO)
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, RAMM Pharma

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

cannabidiol acts on 3 molecular targets:

CNR1cannabinoid receptor 1 (CNR, CB1A)
TRPV1transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (VR1)
GPR55G protein-coupled receptor 55 (LPIR1)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

cannabidiol is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Nervous system disordersEpilepsy✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedArchives of microbiology2026-08-29

A study on the directed engineering and multiple transformations of cannabidiolic acid synthase to enhance the expression level of the recombinant enzyme.

Dai Lingyan L, Lin Jishun J, Kang Yue Y, Chi Jian J et al.

To increase the activity of cannabidiolic acid synthase (CBDAS) and its expression levels in yeast, this study focused on the CBDASG183V-N482W mutant. Using computer-aided techniques and literature reviews, four mutation sites were further identified, resulting in the mutant CBDASH114E-S116A-C176Y-G183V-N328Q-N482W. The CBDAS gene was integrated into the Pichia pastoris genome via multiple transformation rounds, and relative enzyme activity was analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography. The results of the molecular docking analysis revealed factors such as increased intermolecular forces, shorter bond lengths, and an increased number of amino acid-substrate interaction sites, which may have contributed to the enhanced catalytic activity of the mutant. The concentrations of CBDA and CBD produced by the CBDASH114E-S116A-C176Y-G183V-N328Q-N482W mutant were 71.543 ng/mL and 75.163 ng/mL, respectively, which were 11.87% and 11.53% greater than those produced by the CBDASG183V-N482W mutant. The recombinant CBDAS strain obtained after two consecutive transformations of the CBDASH114E-S116A-C176Y-G183V-N328Q-N482W vector presented the highest CBDAS expression levels and CBD and CBDA yields; compared with those obtained after a single transformation, the CBDA and CBD yields increased by 9.77% and 12.65%, respectively. In addition, the tolerance of the recombinant strain to induction culture conditions was analyzed, revealing that the strain could be induced to express the protein at temperatures ranging from 20 to 45 °C and at pH values ranging from 3 to 9, with optimal expression observed at 30 °C and pH 6. These findings provide theoretical and technical support for the production of enzyme preparations for the in vitro-directed biosynthesis of cannabidiol.

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PubMedFrontiers in psychiatry2026-08-29

A comparative network analysis to explore cancer patient experiences with cannabis.

Reddy Apoorva Chada AC, Zhao Youning Y, Lowe Matthew M, Cai Zhiqiang Z et al.

Approximately 20% of cancer patients report cannabis use, yet only 30% of oncologists feel sufficiently informed to make recommendations on its use. This study aimed to visualize the network of themes that arise within cancer patients' reported experiences with cannabis. Data was collected via an online survey of 65 patients who self-reported the use of cannabis in their treatment for cancer, details about the cannabis product(s) being used, their perceived benefits and problems associated with cannabis use, their reasons for starting cannabis use, and any reasons for stopping cannabis use. Epistemic Network Analysis (ENA) was used to compare two groups of cancer patients: 1) those who only used CBD-dominant products (CBD-only group) versus 2) those who used cannabidiol (CBD)- and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)-containing products (either CBD-dominant and THC-dominant cannabis products or cannabis products containing a balanced ratio of both CBD and THC; CBD+THC group). Cannabis use conferred therapeutic benefits for several health issues commonly encountered by cancer patients. Common benefits reported across the cohort of patients included pain relief, improved sleep, physical relaxation, emotional regulation, and reduction of concomitant medication. The most frequently reported barriers to cannabis use were the stigma associated with THC use and the high cost of CBD-dominant and THC-dominant products. Pain relief emerged as the most prominent, interconnected theme reported by the CBD+THC group, whereas emotional regulation was the most prominent theme for the CBD-only group. Symptom relief differed based on the cannabinoid composition of the cannabis products. The following trends emerged, which must be confirmed with larger samples: pain relief was more prominent in responses from users of CBD+THC, whereas emotional regulation was more prominent in only the users of CBD-only products. These findings are a step toward assisting cancer patients and providers with clinical decision-making on cannabis use. This study highlights the continued perception of stigma associated with THC use and the need for insurance coverage of medicinal cannabis to reduce the financial burden for this patient population. Finally, this study exemplifies the value of ENA in studying the therapeutic utility of cannabis with qualitative data.

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PubMedScientifica2026-08-28

Quality by Design-Driven Formulation Development of Cannabidiol Orally Disintegrating Tablets.

Monton Chaowalit C, Kulvanich Poj P, Sucontphunt Apirada A, Suksaeree Jirapornchai J et al.

The development of cannabidiol (CBD) orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs) is effective in treating anxiety in a patient-friendly manner. The application of Quality by Design (QbD) enhances the efficiency and robustness of the pharmaceutical development of CBD ODTs. The objective of this work was to develop a formulation for CBD ODTs using a QbD-driven approach. Quality target product profile, critical quality attributes, and an initial risk assessment were identified and evaluated. Subsequently, a Box-Behnken design was employed to analyze the effects of varied compression force, the quantity of microcrystalline cellulose, and the quantity of croscarmellose sodium to create a design space and control space. Results indicated that the design and control spaces produced tablets with hardness ranging from 4 to 6 kg-force, a disintegration time (DT) ≤ 30 s, and a friability ≤ 1%. All formulations contained 4% CBD (or 10 mg per tablet). The optimal formulation consisted of 35% microcrystalline cellulose and 1% croscarmellose sodium and was compressed at 1400 pounds per square inch. This formulation exhibited a hardness of approximately 5 kg-force, a DT of 13-15 s, and a friability of approximately 0.3%. Verification data confirmed the accuracy of the predictions made by computer software. The content uniformity and assay determined using validated high-performance liquid chromatography ranged between 90% and 100%. CBD was released from the CBD ODT in 1% sodium lauryl sulfate solution, with approximately 76% dissolved within 3 h in the dissolution study. In conclusion, the QbD-driven approach successfully facilitated the formulation development of CBD ODTs with the desired properties for the treatment of anxiety in a patient-friendly manner.

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PubMedBiomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie2026-08-28

Next-generation hybrid nanosystems for cannabidiol: From molecular challenges to site-specific preclinical applications.

Maia Matheus Valentin MV, do Egito Eryvaldo Sócrates Tabosa EST, Sachs Daniela D, Reynaud Franceline F et al.

Cannabidiol (CBD) is a monoterpene phenolic compound extracted mainly from Cannabis sativa, which is produced in high amounts compared to other plants. The compound is regarded as a promising therapeutic agent with anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and neuroprotective effects for biomedical use. Furthermore, important advances have been obtained in dermatological and anticancer effects. Nowadays, the major challenges to the development of new medicine based on CBD arise from its unfavorable physicochemical properties that include reduced solubility in aqueous media (∼0.01 mg/mL), significant degradation due to first-pass metabolism, very low oral bioavailability (typically 6-20%), and an adverse pharmacokinetic profile. Seeking to overcome these disadvantages, recent studies have focused on employing delivery systems, including liposomes, polymeric nanoplatforms, and inorganic nanoparticles, which have attracted considerable attention for their excellent biocompatibility, high encapsulation capacity, and controlled-release properties. Although conventional single-nanoplatforms offer advantages such as a large number of potential applications, they also have serious drawbacks, including burst drug release and short-term instability. Therefore, with respect to systems that will possess improved properties, hybrid nanoparticle systems have emerged as a second-generation class of systems capable of encapsulating CBD and potentially providing characteristics not available from single-nanoparticle systems. These include higher load efficiencies and stability, controlled and targeted delivery profiles, lower levels of premature drug release and greater enhancement of bioavailability. They are further able to provide site-specific delivery (i.e., transdermal, oral, or CNS-targeted). The aim of this review is to provide readers with a simple summary of the most recent information found within the literature concerning CBD-loaded hybrid nanoparticle systems. It also discusses current preclinical evidence, translational challenges, and future perspectives for the clinical development of these systems.

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PubMedNeurotoxicity research2026-08-28

Differential Effects of Cannabidiol and Cannabigerol on Cognition, Neuroinflammation, and Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity in a Rat Model of Iron Overload.

Kowalski Layza L, Colucci Anna C M ACM, Dos Santos Juliana B JB, Vuaden Beatriz W BW et al.

Iron is an essential micronutrient for brain development, participating in mitochondrial respiration, myelination, and neurotransmitter synthesis. However, previous studies have demonstrated that excessive iron during early postnatal life induces oxidative reactions, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and synaptic failure. These alterations compromise energy metabolism and neuronal integrity, contributing to long-lasting cognitive dysfunction and increased brain vulnerability later in life. This study evaluated the effects of cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabigerol (CBG) on behavioral, neuroinflammatory, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) outcomes in rats exposed to early-life iron overload. Male Wistar rats received iron carbonyl (30 mg/kg, intragastrically) from postnatal day 12 to 14. At three months of age, they were treated intraperitoneally with CBD, CBG (both at 10 mg/kg), or vehicle for 21 days. Cognitive performance was assessed in the open field and object recognition tasks. We examined hippocampal levels of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), as proinflammatory markers, and occludin, a protein known to regulate BBB permeability. Iron-exposed animals showed impaired recognition memory, with elevated TNF-α and IL-1β, while CBD reversed memory deficits and reduced IL-1β in iron-treated animals, without affecting TNF-α. CBG restored memory, decreased IL-1β in both iron-treated and controls, and increased TNF-α in controls. Also, iron overload reduced occludin expression in vehicle-treated rats which was reversed by both CBD and CBG. These findings highlight inflammation and BBB disruption as mediators of iron-induced cognitive dysfunction and show that both phytocannabinoids act through distinct but complementary mechanisms, supporting their therapeutic potential in neuroinflammation linked to iron overload.

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PubMedBioMed research international2026-08-28

Cannabidiol Suppresses Glioma Growth and Limits Invasion Partly Through an LOXL2-Associated EMT-Like Program.

Guan Lei L, Deng Xuyan X, Zheng Jing J, Yang Zeji Z et al.

Gliomas, particularly glioblastoma, remain difficult to control because diffuse infiltration into surrounding brain tissue limits complete resection and contributes to recurrence. Cannabidiol (CBD), a nonpsychoactive cannabinoid capable of entering the central nervous system, has shown antitumor activity in glioma models, but the mechanisms underlying its anti-invasive effects remain unclear. Lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2) regulates extracellular-matrix remodeling and mesenchymal phenotypes in several cancers. We therefore tested the hypothesis that CBD limits glioma growth and invasion partly by suppressing an LOXL2-associated extracellular-matrix and EMT-like program. Human U87 and murine GL261 glioma cells were used to examine CBD effects on tetrazolium-based cell viability, clonogenic growth, cell-cycle progression, apoptosis, migration, and invasion. The two cell lines provided complementary human and murine models, and the immunocompetent intracranial GL261 model enabled syngeneic in vivo validation. RNA sequencing and public glioma datasets were used to identify and contextualize CBD-responsive molecules. Mechanistic involvement was tested by determining whether LOXL2 knockdown phenocopied and LOXL2 overexpression attenuated the anti-invasive effects of CBD. CBD reduced glioma-cell viability and clonogenicity, induced G1-phase arrest and apoptosis, and suppressed migration and invasion. C CCK-8-derived IC50 values (mean ± SD, n = 3) at 24, 48, and 72 h were 36.5 ± 0.3, 26.7 ± 0.3, and 21.4 ± 0.3 μM in U87 cells and 33.3 ± 0.2, 29.3 ± 0.2, and 25.5 ± 0.4 μM in GL261 cells, respectively. CBD treatment was accompanied by reduced MMP2 and MMP9 expression and increased TIMP3 expression. Transcriptomic profiling identified LOXL2 as a prominent CBD-downregulated molecule, and public datasets associated higher LOXL2 expression with aggressive molecular features and shorter overall survival. LOXL2 silencing reproduced the antimigratory and anti-invasive phenotype, whereas LOXL2 overexpression enhanced cell motility and partially attenuated the effects of CBD. The partial rescue involved vimentin, MMP9/TIMP3, EMT-related transcription factors, and F-actin-rich protrusions. In vivo, CBD reduced intracranial tumor burden and produced tissue changes consistent with lower proliferation, enhanced apoptosis, and suppression of the LOXL2-associated mesenchymal program. CBD suppresses glioma growth and limits invasion, at least in part, by attenuating an LOXL2-associated EMT-like and extracellular-matrix-remodeling program. Because LOXL2 overexpression produced only a partial rescue and direct target engagement was not tested, LOXL2 should be interpreted as a functional mediator rather than the sole or direct molecular target of CBD. These findings support further validation in patient-derived and pharmacokinetically informed glioma models.

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