DTwP-HepB-Hib-IPV vaccine (Easysix)

"Family shame should not be made public": witnessing parental intimate partner violence and depressive symptom among Chinese college students -- the mediating role of brooding and the moderating role of resilience.

Zhang Zijian Z, Li Weijin W, Liu Lihua L, Wang Liping L et al.

While Western research has consistently linked witnessing parental intimate partner violence (IPV) to elevated risks of depressive symptom among adolescents and young adults, the cognitive-emotional mechanisms underlying this association remain insufficiently understood within the Chinese cultural context. Witnessing parental IPV may represent not only a family-based traumatic experience but also a process through which enduring cognitive vulnerabilities become internalized within sociocultural environments. Although such culturally embedded schema-related vulnerabilities are not directly observable, they may be manifested through maladaptive cognitive processes such as brooding rumination, thereby increasing vulnerability to depressive symptom. From this perspective, the present study examined the mediating role of brooding in the association between parental intimate partner violence witness and depressive symptom, and the moderating role of resilience, thereby providing empirical insights into this culturally embedded schema-related vulnerability framework. This cross-sectional questionnaire study used convenience sampling to recruit participants. The study investigated the mediating role of brooding (a maladaptive form of rumination) and the moderating role of resilience. Witness Parental IPV was measured by an adapted Chinese short-form of the Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS2), rumination was measured by the Ruminative Response Scale (RRS), resilience was measured by the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), and depressive symptom measured by the Beck depressive symptom Inventory-II (BDI-II). A moderated parallel mediation model was conducted to test the proposed interrelationships among these variables. This study involved 662 Chinese college students (44.6% male, aged 18 to 28 years, mean age = 21.66 years, standard deviation = 1.86). The findings indicate a positive correlation between the depressive symptom of these students and the level of witness parental IPV experienced. Notably, brooding, which is characterized as a maladaptive component of rumination, serves as a positive mediator in this relationship. In contrast, reflection, identified as an adaptive component of rumination, does not exhibit a similar association. Furthermore, resilience negatively moderates the relationship between brooding and depressive symptom, thereby being associated with a weaker association between brooding and depressive symptom. This study extends existing evidence on the association between parental intimate violence witnessing (IPV) and depressive symptom among Chinese college students. The findings suggest that brooding, rather than reflection, accounts for the association between parental IPV witness and depressive symptom, while resilience moderates the association between brooding and depressive symptom. These findings provide insight into the processes through which parental IPV witness may be associated with depressive symptom in the Chinese cultural context. The results highlight brooding and resilience as potential targets for interventions aimed at reducing depressive symptom among college students witnessing parental IPV.

The Influence of Perpetrator's Substance Use on Survivor's Use of Protective Strategies: Findings from a Daily Diary Study.

Schick Melissa R MR, Clayton Ashley A, Maxwell Christopher D CD, Sullivan Tami P TP

Men's substance use influences their intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration and women's assessment of their IPV-related risk. Women actively protect themselves using various strategies to stop, prevent, or escape conflict in their relationship. This study examines whether perpetrators' use of substances is related to women's daily protective strategy use. Women (N = 216, Mage = 40.7 years [SD = 13.1], 34.7% Black, 26.9% White) experiencing physical or repeated psychological IPV were recruited from the community and completed once-daily app-based surveys for 90 days, in which they reported their partner's alcohol, cannabis, and other drug use, and their own protective strategy use. Generalized linear mixed models were used to test study hypotheses. Partner substance use was associated with increased likelihood of women's same-day creating distance, preparing to leave, weapons-related, and placating strategy use (ps < 0.001). Partner's alcohol use alone was related to increased likelihood of same-day creating distance, preparing to leave, and placating strategy use (ps ≤ 0.006), alcohol-cannabis co-use was related to increased likelihood of same-day placating strategy use (p < 0.001), and any other drug use was related to increased likelihood of same-day creating distance and placating strategy use (ps ≤ 0.002). Partner's cannabis use alone was related to decreased likelihood of using preparing to leave strategies the next day (p = 0.04), whereas any other drug use was related to increased likelihood of next-day creating distance, preparing to leave, and placating strategy use (ps ≤ 0.02). Partner substance use is a contextual factor that may have important implications for IPV intervention programming and formal safety planning efforts with women experiencing IPV.

Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of recombinant BCG expressing a multi-epitope vaccine against mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Zhang Xuan-Ji XJ, Luo Jia-Rui JR, Tian Ting-Ting TT, Shi Juan J et al.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infects approximately one-quarter of the global population, of whom 5%-10% develop active tuberculosis (TB). Although Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) remains the cornerstone vaccine against severe infant TB, its efficacy in adults is limited, underscoring the need for novel TB vaccines. This study aimed to design a multi-epitope vaccine, tMEV, and validate its protective potential through bioinformatic prediction and in vivo experiments. tMEV was constructed from dominant T- and B-cell epitopes derived from Mtb ESAT-6, PE35, PPE38, and PE4 proteins, fused with an adjuvant. Its vaccine candidacy was assessed via physicochemical and solubility profiling, secondary and tertiary structure modeling, TLR-4 molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and immune simulation. The tMEV coding sequence was cloned into pMV361 and transformed into BCG to generate recombinant BCG (rBCG-tMEV). Immunogenicity, antigenicity, and protective efficacy were evaluated in mouse immunization and Mtb challenge models. tMEV exhibited favorable vaccine-like properties in silico. In mice, both tMEV and rBCG-tMEV induced Mtb-specific immune responses. Compared with PBS, tMEV significantly enhanced cellular and humoral immunity with a Th2-biased profile. Relative to conventional BCG, rBCG-tMEV elicited a superior mixed Th1-Th2 response and higher antigen-specific immunity, accompanied by increased secretion of IFN-γ, IL-2, TNF-α, granzyme B, and perforin. Moreover, rBCG-tMEV markedly reduced bacterial loads in the lungs and spleens of Mtb-infected mice, conferring partial protection. These findings demonstrate that tMEV and rBCG-tMEV possess robust immunogenicity and protective potential against Mtb, representing promising novel TB vaccine candidates and providing a rationale for future vaccine development and optimization.

Correction to "Screening Natural Cholesterol Analogs to Assemble Self-Adjuvant Lipid Nanoparticles for Antigens Tagging Guided Therapeutic Tumor Vaccine".