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triamcinolone acetonide (Azmacort 134a / KI03216 / Azmacort CFC)

✓ Approved

AbbVie, Inc. · NR3C1 · Small Molecule

What is triamcinolone acetonide?

triamcinolone acetonide is a small molecule developed by AbbVie, Inc.. It is approved for therapeutic indications via inhaled or topical.

Drug Profile

Brand NamesAzmacort 134a, KI03216, Azmacort CFC
CompanyAbbVie, Inc.
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
Molecular TargetNR3C1
RouteInhaled, Topical
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, AbbVie, Inc.

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

triamcinolone acetonide acts on 1 molecular target:

NR3C1nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1 (GR, GCCR)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

triamcinolone acetonide is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disordersAsthma✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedGraefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie2026-07-17

Sub-Tenon's triamcinolone bridging to adalimumab therapy in refractory noninfectious uveitic macular edema.

Zou Yaru Y, Yang Mingming M, Zhang Jing J, Zong Yuan Y et al.

Noninfectious uveitic macular edema (UME) is a major cause of visual impairment and remains challenging in refractory cases. Although adalimumab (ADA) is an effective biologic therapy, its delayed onset may limit early disease control, suggesting a potential role for bridging strategies such as local corticosteroid injection. This study compared ADA monotherapy with ADA combined with sub-Tenon's triamcinolone acetonide (STTA) bridging therapy in refractory noninfectious UME. In this retrospective longitudinal cohort study, 30 patients (44 eyes) with refractory noninfectious UME treated with ADA (2015-2025) were included. Patients received either ADA monotherapy or ADA with STTA bridging therapy. Outcomes included time to improvement (≥ 20% reduction in central subfield thickness (CST) with reduced cystoid spaces), relapse after resolution, longitudinal CST changes, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA, LogMAR), and intraocular pressure (IOP). Time-to-event analyses were performed using Cox regression, and Longitudinal data using generalized estimating equation models adjusted for baseline covariates. Bridging therapy was associated with a shorter time to improvement (log-rank p = 0.008; HR 2.850, 95% CI 1.402-5.794; p = 0.004). Adjusted analyses showed greater visual improvement in the bridging group at 12 months (difference 0.307 LogMAR; p < 0.001) and at 15, 24, and 36 months (p < 0.05). Greater CST reductions were observed at 3, 18, 21, and 36 months (p < 0.05). Relapse risk did not differ significantly (HR 0.711, 95% CI 0.155-3.272; p = 0.662). IOP changes were generally comparable. ADA combined with STTA bridging therapy was associated with earlier anatomical improvement and additional visual benefits compared with ADA monotherapy, without increased relapse risk.

PMID 42467200
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PubMedChild's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery2026-07-17

Rapid response of aggressive cranial Langerhans cell histiocytosis to combined intralesional and perilesional triamcinolone injection: a case report with video.

Hernández Jesús A Sánchez JAS, Garvia Mónica Rivero MR, Madueño Gloria Moreno GM, Carrasco José I Gutiérrez JIG et al.

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare myeloid neoplasm that predominantly affects bone in the pediatric population, with the skull being one of the most frequent sites of involvement. Local complications following diagnostic procedures in this context are exceptionally rare and poorly described. We report the case of a 14-year-old male with unifocal cranial LCH who developed aggressive local progression after a diagnostic biopsy, characterized by progressive bone destruction, soft tissue involvement, surgical wound dehiscence, and exposure of tumor tissue. Given the rapid evolution of the lesion and the limitations for conventional surgical management, intralesional and perilesional triamcinolone infiltration (40 mg) was performed. A prompt clinical response was observed, with a significant reduction in lesion volume within 4 days. Follow-up magnetic resonance imaging at that time demonstrated a 50-70% decrease in the soft tissue component. During subsequent follow-up, progressive skin healing and early signs of bone repair were noted. This case highlights an uncommon local complication following biopsy of pediatric cranial LCH and suggests that local corticosteroid infiltration may represent a minimally invasive and potentially useful therapeutic alternative in selected cases with aggressive local progression and limited surgical options.

PMID 42463551
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PubMedDocumenta ophthalmologica. Advances in ophthalmology2026-07-17

Electronegative ERG in association with probable TRPM1-related cancer associated retinopathy: a case report.

Watanabe Ryunosuke R, Yokoi Tadashi T, Kikuchi Takanobu T, Inoue Makoto M et al.

To describe a patient with electronegative ERGs in association with probable TRPM1-related cancer associated retinopathy. A 67-year-old female presented with progressive visual disturbances, including night blindness, cloudy vision, color vison problems, and scotomas. Initial ophthalmic examination revealed mild retinal vasculitis and an epiretinal membrane in one eye. Visual acuity was bilaterally normal. Electroretinography (ERG) showed electronegative waveforms. Subsequent systemic investigation revealed a lung mass, later confirmed to be a small cell carcinoma, with metastases. Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry were performed. The patient received cisplatin and etoposide chemotherapy, and sub-Tenon triamcinolone injections (STTA). ERGs showed an electronegative waveform with features suggesting pan-retinal loss of On-bipolar cell function. Serum Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry identified anti-retinal autoantibodies to TRPM1 with binding specificity to the C-terminal region. Further systemic evaluation detected a lung mass, which was later confirmed as small cell lung cancer with metastases. Although initial visual field deterioration was noted, subsequent follow-up showed almost total improvement in visual function, including ERG recovery. Best-corrected visual acuity remained stable at 20/20. Despite the ocular improvements, the patient succumbed to her systemic illness 29 months after the initial visit. Electronegative ERGs are unusual in CAR, which usually affects photoreceptor function. This case, associated with anti-retinal autoantibodies to TRPM1, highlights the need for full systems review in a patient with possible paraneoplastic disease, even in the absence of systemic symptoms.

PMID 42467387
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PubMedGastrointestinal endoscopy2026-07-16

Incidence and risk factor of stricture after endoscopic submucosal dissection in the duodenal bulb.

Masunaga Teppei T, Kubosawa Yoko Y, Sasaki Motoki M, Sato Moe M et al.

Endoscopic closure may prevent stricture in duodenal ESD beyond the superior duodenal angle. However, the incidence and risk factors for stricture after ESD in the duodenal bulb, which is difficult to close completely, remain unclear. This study aims to evaluate the incidence and risk factors for stricture after ESD in the duodenal bulb. This retrospective observational study included lesions in the duodenal bulb treated by ESD at our institute between July 2010 and December 2023. We excluded cases where confirmation of healing of the defect could not be completed endoscopically for any reason. We assessed the incidence and risk factors for stricture. A total of 786 duodenal lesions were treated by ESD, of which 124 were located in the bulb. Finally, 101 cases were analyzed, with 82% left unclosed. Stricture occurred in 5 cases (5%). The median maximum diameter of mucosal defects was significantly greater in the stricture group (71 mm [range 52-94] vs. 37 mm [range 10-120], P = 0.0058). Additionally, the circumferential extent of the defect correlated with stricture risk (P < 0.0001), with 63% of strictures occurring in cases with ≥7/8 involvement. Higher rates of resections over the pyloric ring and triamcinolone injections were noted in the stricture group (5 [100%] vs. 40 [42%], P = 0.015; 5 [100%] vs. 7 [8%], P < 0.0001). Stricture developed in 5% of cases after ESD in the duodenal bulb and was associated with larger defects, pyloric resections, and triamcinolone injection.

PMID 42456984
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PubMedCase reports in ophthalmological medicine2026-07-15

Macular Neovascular Membrane as a Late Complication of Acute Posterior Multifocal Placoid Pigment Epitheliopathy (APMPPE) Managed With Intravitreal Aflibercept.

Couto Ana Paula AP, Fernandes Bruno F BF, Vianna Raul N G RNG

To report a case of a macular neovascular membrane (MNV) 14 years after an episode of acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE). Case report. A 22-year-old man presented with acute bilateral blurred vision. The best corrected visual acuity (VA) was 20/200 in both eyes. Fundus examination revealed bilateral multiple yellow-gray placoid lesions and macular serous detachments. Multimodal imaging and a systemic workup excluded systemic inflammatory or infectious diseases, confirming the diagnosis of APMPPE. The patient was treated with triamcinolone acetonide, an intravitreal injection in the right eye, and a posterior subtenon injection in the left eye. At the 8-week follow-up, the fundus lesions healed, with resolution of the macular serous detachment in both eyes. The VA improved to 20/63 bilaterally. After being lost to follow-up for 14 years, the patient presented sudden worsening of vision in the left eye. The VA decreased to 20/400 in the left eye due to an extensive subretinal hemorrhage and hard exudates in the macula. After diagnostic confirmation of a Type 2 MNV by optical coherence tomography angiography, the patient was treated with three monthly intravitreal injections of aflibercept. The VA improved to 20/160 a month after the treatment. The treatment with aflibercept in this rare case of MNV secondary to APMPPE effectively controlled membrane activity. However, the fibrosis and atrophy resulting from the MNV contributed to only a partial recovery of VA. Long-term follow-up of patients with APMPPE is recommended for early detection and treatment of possible MNV development to improve functional outcomes.

PMID 42453475
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PubMedCase reports in veterinary medicine2026-07-15

Septic Endophthalmitis Following Suprachoroidal Cyclosporine Implant Placement in Two Horses With Equine Recurrent Uveitis.

Sanchez-Garcia Milena M, Chalder Ria R, Blacklock Ben B, Hartley Claudia C et al.

This article presents the clinical and histopathological findings from two horses that developed severe postoperative complications following suprachoroidal procedures routinely employed in the management of equine recurrent uveitis (ERU). Case 1 was a 5-year-old warmblood stallion that initially received a unilateral suprachoroidal triamcinolone injection, followed later by bilateral suprachoroidal cyclosporine implant (CSI) placement. At 9 weeks postoperatively, the right eye (which had undergone both procedures) developed secondary glaucoma necessitating enucleation. Case 2 was a 14-year-old Appaloosa mare that presented 9 days postoperatively with suspected bilateral CSI rejection. Due to poor visual prognosis, the horse was euthanized. Histopathologic examination of all three affected globes demonstrated findings consistent with severe, suppurative endophthalmitis of bacterial etiology.

PMID 42454166
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