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interleukin-2 (Interking)

✓ Approved

Shenzhen Neptunus · IL2RA · Recombinant Proteins

What is interleukin-2?

interleukin-2 is a recombinant proteins developed by Shenzhen Neptunus. It is approved for therapeutic indications via injectable (others) or intravenous (iv) or subcutaneous injection.

Drug Profile

Brand NamesInterking
CompanyShenzhen Neptunus
Drug ClassRecombinant Proteins
Molecular TargetIL2RA
RouteInjectable (Others), Intravenous (IV), Subcutaneous Injection
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Shenzhen Neptunus

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

interleukin-2 acts on 1 molecular target:

IL2RAinterleukin 2 receptor subunit alpha (IL2R, TCGFR)
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Therapeutic Indications

interleukin-2 is developed for 15 unique indications across 4 therapeutic areas.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps)Adenosquamous cell lung cancer✓ Approved
Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps)Bladder cancer✓ Approved
Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps)Breast cancer✓ Approved
Infections and infestationsHepatitis B✓ Approved
Infections and infestationsLeprosy✓ Approved

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Related Research Articles

PubMedCommunications biology2026-10-15

Selective inhibition of IL-6 trans-signalling reveals distinct mechanisms of human classic and trans-signalling receptor-complex formation.

Rieneck Emelie E, Haak Jan René JR, Asgarov Kamal K, Pallandre Jean-René JR et al.

The cytokine interleukin-6 orchestrates inflammation through two distinct pathways of receptor activation: anti-inflammatory classic signalling via membrane-bound interleukin-6 receptor and pro-inflammatory trans-signalling via soluble interleukin-6 receptor. Current interleukin-6-targeted therapies block both pathways, thereby disrupting essential homeostatic functions initiated by classic signalling. We here show a high-affinity, human-specific antibody that selectively inhibits interleukin-6 trans-signalling. This antibody maintains classic signalling-induced expression of hepatic acute phase genes while completely blocking trans-signalling-induced activation of endothelial cells. By targeting the domain D2 of membrane-bound and soluble human interleukin-6 receptor, the antibody selectively prevents formation of the trans-signalling receptor complex without interfering with ligand binding. This selective blockade demonstrates that human interleukin-6 classic and trans-signalling proceed through distinct receptor assemblies. Our findings describe mechanistic insight into interleukin-6 receptor assembly and provide a strategy to suppress inflammatory interleukin-6 activity while preserving regenerative and anti-inflammatory signalling, thus offering both conceptual and potential therapeutic advances in the targeted modulation of cytokine signalling networks.

PMID 42875473
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PubMedFrontiers in immunology2026-10-15

Hemin suppresses interferon responses in periodontal cell models through JAK2-STAT1 inhibition.

Huang Xiaoyu X, Gruber Reinhard R, Panahipour Layla L

Hemin, an oxidized heme species released during erythrocyte breakdown, is detectable in gingival crevicular fluid during periodontal inflammation, but its effects on local immune signaling remain unclear. We investigated whether hemin modifies cytokine-induced interferon responses in HSC-2 oral squamous cell carcinoma cells and primary human gingival fibroblasts. Cells were stimulated with interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α, or with interferon-γ, in the presence or absence of hemin. Transcriptomic changes were assessed by RNA sequencing and pathway analysis, and selected transcripts and proteins were validated by reverse-transcription quantitative PCR, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunoblotting, and immunofluorescence. Ligand-kinase interactions were examined by molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations, and recombinant Janus kinase 2 activity was measured in a cell-free assay. Hemin preferentially suppressed an interferon-associated gene network, including CXCL10, CXCL11, MX1, OAS1, IFIT1, IFIT3, and ISG15, while nuclear factor κB-associated responses were comparatively preserved. Hemin also reduced signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 Tyr701 phosphorylation and nuclear accumulation induced by either the cytokine combination or interferon-γ. Computational analyses predicted stable hemin interactions within conserved ATP-binding pockets of Janus kinases, and the cell-free assay demonstrated inhibition of recombinant Janus kinase 2. Together, these findings show that hemin attenuates interferon-associated transcription in periodontal cell models, consistent with inhibition of the Janus kinase 2-signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 axis. This mechanism may enable blood-derived hemin to modify local mucosal immune signaling, although its relevance to periodontal tissues and antiviral defense requires confirmation in organotypic, infection, and in vivo models.

PMID 42876722
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PubMedZhonghua er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of pediatrics2026-10-15

[Clinical analysis of 5 cases of pediatric respiratory viral sepsis].

Long Y Y, Yuan T Y TY, Zhao L L, Xu J J et al.

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics of pediatric respiratory viral sepsis and to improve clinicians' awareness of this disorder. Methods: Case series study. The study retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of 5 children with respiratory viral sepsis treated at Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kunming children's hospital between March 2023 and January 2026, analyzing their clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, treatment courses, and outcomes. Results: Among the 5 cases of respiratory viral sepsis, there were 2 males and 3 females, and the ages were 3 years and 8 months, 4 years, 4 years and 7 months, 5 years and 2 months, and 8 years and 10 months respectively. All 5 cases had fever, 3 cases had cough, 2 cases had breathing difficulties and 1 each case of skin mottling, thrombocytopenia, and convulsions and consciousness disorder. Laboratory tests showed that the white blood cell count was (2.06-11.86)×109/L, platelet count (26-262)×109/L, C-reactive protein 0.62-68.15 mg/L, procalcitonin 0.09-0.35 μg/L and interleukin-6 0.50-19.64 ng/L. Pathogen examination showed 3 cases of influenza A virus infection, 1 case of adenovirus infection, and 1 case of adenovirus combined with parainfluenza virus infection. All 5 patients recovered and were discharged after comprehensive treatment including antiviral therapy, respiratory support, and immunomodulation, with a hospital stay of 8-59 d. Conclusions: Respiratory viral infections can cause multiple organ dysfunction in children and meet the diagnostic criteria for sepsis. Greater clinical attention should be paid to the diagnosis, recognition, and management of viral sepsis in children.

PMID 42876102
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PubMedArchivos espanoles de urologia2026-10-15

Association of Relinqing Granules plus Levofloxacin With Postoperative Outcomes After Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy for Infected Kidney Stones: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Li Zhiwei Z, Zhu Qiqi Q, Li Junjie J, Xiao Zhiyang Z et al.

To evaluate the association between Relinqing Granules combined with levofloxacin and early postoperative outcomes in patients with infected kidney stones undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). This single-centre retrospective cohort study included 198 patients with infected kidney stones who underwent PCNL between October 2023 and October 2025. All patients received standardised preoperative antimicrobial therapy, and surgery was performed after initial clinical stabilisation. Patients were retrospectively classified into a control group (levofloxacin, n = 98) or a study group (levofloxacin plus Relinqing Granules, n = 100) according to postoperative medication records. Propensity score matching was performed to control confounding bias, with 92 cases in each group matched in a 1:1 ratio. The primary outcomes included bacterial clearance rate and inflammatory markers (blood white blood cell count (WBC), urinary leukocyte count, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, and interleukin-6) at 2 weeks after surgery. Secondary outcomes included postoperative renal function parameters at 2 weeks and the stone-free rate (SFR) at 3 months after surgery. The safety outcome was evaluated 2 weeks after surgery based on the incidence of adverse events. Baseline characteristics were comparable between groups (all p > 0.05). At 2 weeks postoperatively, inflammatory markers decreased significantly from baseline in both groups and were lower in the study group than in the control group (all p < 0.05). The bacterial clearance rate was significantly higher in the study group than in the control group at the same time point (92.31% vs 78.79%, p = 0.028). The SFR at 3 months after surgery was also significantly higher in the study group (92.39% vs 82.61%, p = 0.045). The incidence of adverse events was similar between the two groups. The combination of Relinqing Granules and levofloxacin was associated with better early infection control and a higher 3-month SFR after PCNL. Further prospective studies are required to confirm these findings.

PMID 42876125
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PubMedPakistan journal of biological sciences : PJBS2026-10-15

Procalcitonin and Interleukin-18 in Umbilical Cord Blood as Early Diagnostic Biomarkers for Early-Onset Neonatal Sepsis: A Case-Control Study.

Gusmaiyanto Devi D, Efrida Efrida E, Hardisman Hardisman H, Mayetti Mayetti M

<b>Background and Objective:</b> Early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS) is a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality globally, yet its early diagnosis remains challenging due to the limited availability of rapid, reliable biomarkers at the time of birth. This study aimed to analyze procalcitonin (PCT) and Interleukin-18 (IL-18) levels measured from umbilical cord blood as early diagnostic biomarkers for EONS. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> An observational case-control study was conducted on 66 neonates born with at least one EONS risk factor at four hospitals in Riau Province, Indonesia. Subjects were classified into an EONS group (n = 33) and a non-EONS group (n = 33). Umbilical cord blood PCT and IL-18 were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Normality was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Between-group differences were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test (α = 0.05). <b>Results:</b> The PCT levels in umbilical cord blood were significantly higher in the EONS group compared to the non-EONS group [median 322.77 (range: 66.70-2599.57) pg/mL vs. 45.9 (4.90-321.97) pg/mL; p<0.001]. The IL-18 levels were similarly elevated [median 564.00 (216.40-1979.00) pg/mL vs. 107.60 (-19.60-773.38) pg/mL; p<0.001]. Maternal fever history was significantly more frequent in the EONS group (36.4% vs. 6.1%; p = 0.005), as was colored amniotic fluid (93.9% vs. 45.5%; p<0.001). <b>Conclusion:</b> Umbilical cord blood PCT and IL-18 levels are significantly elevated in neonates with EONS and may serve as early diagnostic biomarkers for EONS when measured at the time of birth. Their combined use may improve early risk stratification and clinical decision-making in at-risk neonates.

PMID 42876180
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PubMedJournal of Alzheimer's disease reports2026-10-15

Steroid-responsive inflammatory leptomeningeal encephalitis temporally associated with lecanemab therapy: A case report.

Tagane Yuichiro Y, Nakamori Masahiro M, Ishida Marina M, Tsuchigauchi Saya S et al.

Lecanemab is an anti-amyloid-β monoclonal antibody used for the treatment of early Alzheimer's disease. Herein, we report a 46-year-old woman who developed headache, fever, disorientation, and impaired consciousness 10 months after starting lecanemab. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a small focal subcortical fluid-attenuated inversion recovery hyperintense lesion and bilateral occipital leptomeningeal enhancement without detectable hemorrhagic findings on T2*-weighted gradient-recalled echo imaging. Cerebrospinal fluid revealed mononuclear pleocytosis and markedly elevated interleukin-6. Infectious studies and neuronal surface antibodies were negative. High-dose corticosteroid therapy led to rapid clinical improvement. These findings support a diagnosis of steroid-responsive inflammatory leptomeningeal encephalitis temporally associated with lecanemab.

PMID 42876904
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