Drug Database
FR

Fraction F (Fraction F / Ateroid / Ateroid 200)

✓ Approved

Gentium · therapeutic agent

What is Fraction F?

Fraction F is a therapeutic agent developed by Gentium. It is approved for therapeutic indications via injectable (others) or intravenous (iv) or oral (po).

Drug Profile

Brand NamesFraction F, Ateroid, Ateroid 200
CompanyGentium
RouteInjectable (Others), Intravenous (IV), Oral (PO)
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Gentium

Therapeutic Indications

Fraction F is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Nervous system disordersDementia Alzheimer's type✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedProtoplasma2026-07-17

Anatomical description and detection of aluminum in Aerial structures of adult plants of Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.

Rodríguez-Sánchez Verónica Monserrat VM, Solis-de la Cruz Jessica Edith JE, Guzmán-Ramos Ma Concepción MC, Márquez-Guzmán Judith J et al.

Anatomical insights from plant studies offer a unique way to understand the tissue-level adaptations that enable some species to develop aluminum (Al) tolerance. To conduct functional anatomy studies, methods are required that uphold both structural integrity and cellular chemical stability. Previous research on the Al-tolerant species in Fagopyrum esculentum has focused primarily on physiological mechanisms, leaving technical and structural gaps regarding its sequestration in tissues. This research presents a histochemical approach to elucidate Al compartmentalization in mature F. esculentum plants. Samples were preserved with a modified Zamboni fixative to avoid metal leaching before being embedded in glycol methacrylate (GMA). High-quality 12 μm sections were obtained. For anatomical description, Toluidine Blue O was utilized, while Chromazurol S (CAS) was employed for histochemistry. In addition, laser microdissection of the leaves and Al quantification by ICP-MS were performed. The results revealed a progressive acropetal gradient. The marginal papillae of the leaves exhibited a concentration of 4352 ± 0.5 mg Al*kg⁻¹ DW (1.6 times higher than the lamina fraction). This pattern shows that Al sequestration in this region is a permanent trait inherited from the developmental start. This study offers a replicable foundation for exploring metal compartmentalization and detoxification processes in F. esculentum and related metal-tolerant herbaceous plants.

PMID 42463549
Read full article →
PubMedAIDS research and therapy2026-07-17

B/F/TAF in people with both HIV-1 and hepatitis B: outcomes from the ALLIANCE open-label extension phase.

Avihingsanon Anchalee A, Leong Chee Loon CL, Hung Chien-Ching CC, Kiertiburanakul Sasisopin S et al.

Data on bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (B/F/TAF) in people with both HIV-1 and HBV are limited, particularly for treatment-experienced people. ALLIANCE was a randomized, double-blind, active-controlled, phase 3 study of B/F/TAF versus dolutegravir (DTG) + emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (F/TDF) in treatment-naïve adults with HIV-1 RNA ≥ 500 copies/mL and HBV DNA ≥ 2000 IU/mL. Participants received continuous B/F/TAF through 144 weeks (≥ 96 weeks of blinded treatment plus 48-week optional open-label extension [OLE]) or switched to B/F/TAF after ≥ 96 weeks of DTG + F/TDF through 48 weeks of OLE. Here we report outcomes from the OLE. 121 participants were included in the continuous B/F/TAF group; 89 in the switch group. Median B/F/TAF exposure was 186.4 and 48 weeks, respectively. HIV-1 and HBV suppression rates (missing = excluded) were maintained in both groups (B/F/TAF Week 144: 99.0% and 80.2%; switch OLE Week 48: 95.4% and 86.6%, respectively). Both groups had improved alanine aminotransferase normalization. HBV envelope antigen loss and seroconversion occurred in 44.8% and 29.3%, respectively, of participants receiving continuous B/F/TAF (Week 144) and 17.0% and 12.8% in the switch group (OLE Week 48). HBV surface antigen loss and seroconversion occurred in 22.5% and 15.5% (continuous B/F/TAF), and 4.3% and 0% (switch group) of participants, respectively. One participant (continuous B/F/TAF) discontinued due to study drug-unrelated treatment-emergent adverse event. No treatment-emergent resistance was reported. B/F/TAF was effective in HIV-1 and HBV suppression and well tolerated in treatment-naïve individuals for ≤ 3 years and ≤ 1 year after switching from a TDF-based regimen. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03547908 (first registration 2018-05-24).

PMID 42464361
Read full article →
PubMedInfection2026-07-17

Comparative immunogenicity and safety of PCV15 versus PCV13 for pneumococcal serotypes 22 F and 33 F: a systematic review and meta-analysis with meta-regression.

Abo Zeid Mohamed M, Mohammed Hazem E HE, Abou Elezz Amr M AM, Gadelmawla Ahmed Farid AF et al.

Streptococcus pneumoniae remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly among children and older adults. Although 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) significantly reduced the burden of pneumococcal disease, non-PCV13 serotypes such as 22 F and 33 F continue to cause invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). PCV15 was developed to address this gap by including serotypes 22 F and 33 F. Following PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases through March 2024. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing PCV15 and PCV13 were included. Primary outcomes included IgG geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) and opsonophagocytic activity geometric mean titers (OPA GMTs) for serotypes 22 F and 33 F. Nineteen RCTs (n = 16,046) were included. PCV15 demonstrated significantly higher immunogenicity than PCV13 for serotypes 22 F and 33 F across most age and dose subgroups. For IgG GMCs, pooled mean differences (MDs) for serotype 22 F were 6.34 (95% CI 5.13-7.56; I²=97%) in infants, 10.09 (95% CI 6.06-14.13; I²=92%) in children, and 3.19 (95% CI 2.01-4.36; I²=96%) in adults. For serotype 33 F, MDs were 2.40 (95% CI 1.52-3.28; I²=99%), 4.27 (95% CI 3.74-4.80; I²=0%), and 6.81 (95% CI 5.10-8.52; I²=93%), respectively. OPA GMTs also favored PCV15 for serotype 22 F after both single-dose (MD = 1.55, 95% CI 0.69-2.41; I²=99%) and three-dose schedules (MD = 1.66, 95% CI 1.24-2.08; I²=87%), while for serotype 33 F, superiority was observed only with three doses (MD = 0.98, 95% CI 0.56-1.39; I²=90%). PCV15 was associated with higher rates of injection-site adverse events (RR = 1.08, 95% CI 1.03-1.11), whereas systemic adverse events were comparable between groups (RR = 1.03, 95% CI 1.00-1.06). Meta-regression identified a significant negative association between age and IgG GMC 22 F (β=-0.061, 95% CI -0.096 to -0.025; p ≤ 0.001). Certainty of evidence ranged from low to moderate according to GRADE assessment, primarily limited by inconsistency across studies. PCV15 demonstrated significantly higher immunogenicity against serotypes 22 F and 33 F than PCV13 across most age and dose subgroups while maintaining a generally comparable safety profile. These findings support the immunogenic advantage of PCV15 for the additional serotypes included in the vaccine; however, studies evaluating clinical effectiveness are needed to determine whether these immunological differences translate into reductions in pneumococcal disease.

PMID 42467175
Read full article →
PubMedJournal of agricultural and food chemistry2026-07-17

Antagonistic bHLH Transcription Factors CsIBH1 and CsPRE5 Fine-Tune CsPMEI14 to Enhance Fluoride Tolerance via CW Pectin Remodeling in Tea Plants.

Xu Wenluan W, Wen Xiaoju X, Wang Yueping Y, Li Yuchuan Y et al.

Fluoride (F) abounds in acidic tea plantation soils, and excessive F accumulation threatens tea plant growth and safe tea production. Cell wall (CW) pectin metabolism orchestrates plant stress adaptation. As key regulators, pectin methylesterase inhibitors (PMEIs) modulate pectin characteristics by regulating pectin methylesterase (PME) activity, yet their roles in F tolerance remain largely unclear. Here, we identified CsPMEI14 as a key F-responsive gene: its overexpression enhanced F tolerance by reducing F accumulation and remodeling CW pectin to increase pectin content and strengthen CW F fixation. Furthermore, two bHLH transcription factors (TFs), CsIBH1 (activator) and CsPRE5 (repressor), antagonistically regulated CsPMEI14 transcription. CsIBH1 coordinated broader CW remodeling, whereas CsPRE5 acted as a subtle modulator. CsWRKY75 functioned as a coregulator by interacting with both TFs, enhancing CsIBH1-mediated activation and alleviating CsPRE5-mediated repression. Collectively, this CsWRKY75-CsIBH1/CsPRE5-CsPMEI14 regulatory module provides new insights into PMEI-mediated CW remodeling and potential targets for improving plant stress resistance.

PMID 42467055
Read full article →
PubMedOrganic letters2026-07-17

Intramolecular Nonbonded Se···F Interaction-Promoted SuFEx Click Chemistry for the Synthesis of β-Selenyl Sulfonates and Sulfonamides.

Chen Lingxia L, Wang Cuiping C, Huo Siyu S, Do Hainam H et al.

An intramolecular nonbonded Se···F interaction-promoted SuFEx click platform has been developed for the modular synthesis of valuable β-selenyl sulfonates and sulfonamides using readily available selenols, ethenesulfonyl fluoride (ESF) and diverse O- and N-nucleophiles. Upon Michael addition of selenols to ESF, the relatively inert sulfonyl group on ESF will become activated via intramolecular nonbonded Se···F interactions, which enables it to react with various O- and N-nucleophiles under mild conditions. In this reaction, the embedded selenium atom plays a dual role by promoting the latent alkyl SuFEx process through Se···F interaction and being retained as a valuable motif in the final products.

PMID 42464868
Read full article →
PubMedNano letters2026-07-17

From Delithiated Residues to High-Performance LiMn0.4Fe0.6PO4 through Structural Inheritance and F-Doping toward Upcycling of Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Yan Shuxuan S, Chen Xiangping X, Wang Xiaowei X, Guo Linling L et al.

The sustainable upcycling of delithiated FePO4 and MnO2 residues from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is challenged by fluoride cross-contamination, crystalline incompatibility, and low economic value. Herein, a direct mechanochemical regeneration strategy is proposed to convert FePO4 and MnO2 into high-performance F-doped LiMn0.4Fe0.6PO4, featuring the structurally inherited robust olivine framework of FePO4, defect-enabled homogeneous Mn incorporation from MnO2, and stabilized Mn/Fe-O bonding network through F-doping. As a result, the optimized material delivers a high capacity of 136.76 mAh g-1 at 1 C with 89.74% retention after 600 cycles and 118.74 mAh g-1 at 10 C. Mechanistic analyses reveal that defect-mediated Mn/Fe intermixing and F-doping synergistically suppress Jahn-Teller distortion, enhance structural stability, and improve Li+ diffusion. Technoeconomic and environmental assessments suggest the well-round efficiency of the upcycling route with elucidated structural evolution of LiMnxFe1-xPO4 (LMFP) and functional modification of the F element, thereby establishing a practical candidate toward sustainable upcycling of spent LIBs.

PMID 42466995
Read full article →

+9996 more articles available with a free account

Sign up free to view all articles →

Ask about Fraction F