Drug Database
EP

epinephrine (Emerade)

✓ Approved

Bausch + Lomb Corporation · Small Molecule · Small Molecule

What is epinephrine?

epinephrine is a small molecule developed by Bausch + Lomb Corporation. It is approved for therapeutic indications via injectable (others).

Drug Profile

Brand NamesEmerade
CompanyBausch + Lomb Corporation
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
RouteInjectable (Others)
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Bausch + Lomb Corporation

Therapeutic Indications

epinephrine is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Immune system disordersAnaphylactic reaction✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedNature communications2026-10-15

Difunctionalization of unsaturated hydrocarbons via EDA complexes to access pentafluorosulfanyl thioethers.

Zhang Xiaofeng X, Jiang Yuanyang Y, Yang Hui-Yi HY, Ma Yifan Y et al.

Recently, the pentafluorosulfanyl (SF5) group has attracted considerable interest from medicinal chemists owing to its capacity to significantly enhance the pharmaceutical properties of small-molecule drug candidates. However, a general method for three-component pentafluorosulfanylation of electron-deficient alkenes remains elusive. Herein, we present an electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complex photoactivation strategy for the thiopentafluorosulfanylation of unsaturated hydrocarbons, including electron-deficient alkenes, alkynes, 1,6-enynes, and even acetylene gas. The utility of this approach is demonstrated through the synthesis of a diverse array of pentafluorosulfanyl thioethers and the late-stage functionalization of complex molecules, including pharmaceuticals, natural products, and amino acid derivatives. This work establishes a framework for designing atom-economical difunctionalization reactions that employ green LEDs under mild conditions. Moreover, mechanistic studies support an EDA complex-mediated pathway and identify ArSCl as a key intermediate formed upon generation of the thiyl radical.

PMID 42875439
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PubMedBiotechnology journal2026-10-15

Recent Advances in Engineering Ammonia Lyase for Biosynthesis of Aromatic Noncanonical Amino Acids.

Zhang Wen W, Sun Yu Y, Liao Zhen-Yu ZY, Xue Bin B et al.

Aromatic noncanonical amino acids (aromatic ncAAs) are valuable building blocks for pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, food additives, and specialty chemicals, yet their sustainable and stereoselective synthesis remains challenging. Ammonia-lyases (ALs) have emerged as powerful biocatalysts for the one-step asymmetric hydroamination of arylacrylic acids, and recent advances in protein engineering have substantially enhanced their catalytic performance including efficiency, selectivity, promiscuity, and productivity. This review integrates catalytic mechanisms with the deployment of engineering strategies to illustrate how aromatic amino acid ammonia-lyases (AALs) have evolved into versatile biocatalysts for aromatic ncAAs synthesis. Particular attention is devoted to the engineering of AALs (including phenylalanine, tyrosine, histidine ammonia lyase) and (methyl)aspartate ammonia lyases, highlighting progress in substrate scope expansion, catalytic promiscuity, selectivity modulation, and hybrid catalytic systems. Current limitations and emerging opportunities are further assessed to delineate future directions for next-generation ALs engineering. The engineering strategies and current states of ALs summarized herein provide a conceptual basis for the efficient development of ALs for sustainable aromatic ncAAs biomanufacturing.

PMID 42875960
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PubMedFrontiers in oncology2026-10-15

Oxaliplatin desensitization for gastrointestinal cancer patients with hypersensitivity reactions: real-world experience from Vietnam.

Nguyen Le Trang LT, Nguyen Van Thang VT, Nong Hong Thach HT, Doan Nguyen Thanh Dat NTD et al.

Oxaliplatin-induced hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) can interrupt clinically indicated treatment for gastrointestinal malignancies. We evaluated the early implementation of a multidisciplinary oxaliplatin desensitization pathway at Vinmec Times City International Hospital. We conducted a retrospective case series of patients who underwent oxaliplatin desensitization between 2022 and 2025 following an index HSR. Clinical characteristics, skin testing results, desensitization procedures, breakthrough reactions (BTRs), and subsequent oxaliplatin treatment completion were reviewed. Ten patients underwent desensitization after index HSRs occurring at a median of six oxaliplatin cycles (range, 2-11); six index reactions were Brown grade 2. Skin prick testing was negative in all patients, whereas intradermal testing was positive in six, negative in three, and equivocal in one. Three patients initially underwent a three-bag desensitization procedure and seven a four-bag procedure. Eight BTRs occurred in six patients, none requiring epinephrine. Seven patients completed all additional oxaliplatin cycles planned by their oncology team, receiving a median of four additional cycles. Three patients discontinued oxaliplatin after BTRs: two because of recurrent reactions despite procedure modification and one because the patient declined further treatment after a single BTR in the metastatic setting. Multidisciplinary oxaliplatin desensitization enabled most patients in this early case series to continue and complete planned oxaliplatin treatment, although BTRs were common. Given the small, retrospective cohort, these findings are descriptive and require further study to establish comparative safety or efficacy, superiority of a specific desensitization procedure, or predictors of treatment completion.

PMID 42876825
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PubMedFrontiers in cardiovascular medicine2026-10-15

Prognostic discrimination of SOFA-2 vs. SOFA-1 and incremental information from cardiovascular scoring and vasoactive support intensity in patients with sepsis receiving early vasoactive therapy.

Huang Tianci T, Pan Mingyuan M, Pan Lifan L, Liang Peng P et al.

Patients with sepsis who require vasoactive support during the first 24 h of intensive care represent a heterogeneous population. It is uncertain whether the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA)-2 score improves mortality discrimination compared with the SOFA-1 score and whether observed circulatory support intensity provides complementary prognostic information. This multicohort observational study used Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV) for a 24-h conditional landmark analysis. Patients alive and still in the ICU beyond 24 h were followed from ICU admission +24 h through ICU day 28 for reconstructed all-cause mortality. We compared SOFA-1 and SOFA-2, evaluated SOFA-2 total and cardiovascular scores, analyzed first-24-h five-agent norepinephrine-equivalent peak burden (norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, phenylephrine, and vasopressin), and internally evaluated an exploratory drug-composition model. Fixed strata were assessed directionally in eICU Collaborative Research Database and an independent-center high-risk stress test cohort with cohort-specific endpoints. The MIMIC-IV 24-h landmark cohort included 11,892 patients and 2,687 post-landmark deaths. SOFA-2 showed no observed discrimination advantage over SOFA-1 (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, AUROC, 0.731 vs. 0.732; difference, -0.0005; 95% confidence interval, -0.0086 to 0.0076; P = 0.908). The SOFA-2 cardiovascular score had lower discrimination than the SOFA-1 cardiovascular score (0.663 vs. 0.676; P = 0.006). Mortality was 51.94% for the exploratory SOFA-2 ≥12 group and 17.09% below 12, and increased from 11.30% to 47.45% across four study-defined peak burden categories. The SOFA-2-plus-drug-composition model had an apparent AUROC of 0.768 and a bootstrap-corrected AUROC of 0.767, but it was not externally validated. Fixed strata preserved the direction of risk ranking in both external cohorts, whereas absolute risk and calibration differed. SOFA-2 did not show an observed overall mortality discrimination advantage over SOFA-1 in this population. SOFA-2 total and cardiovascular scores, together with observed vasoactive support intensity, provided complementary prognostic description at 24 h. The ≥12 rule is exploratory, and drug-related associations do not establish causal treatment effects or clinical decision utility.

PMID 42876688
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PubMedDiabetologia2026-10-15

Efficacy and safety of HRS-7535, a novel oral small-molecule glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, in participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled by metformin and sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group Phase II trial.

Xu Mingtong M, Song Weihong W, Lv Fang F, Fu Yanqin Y et al.

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of HRS-7535, an oral small-molecule glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA), in Chinese participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately managed by metformin and sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i). This multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, Phase II study included participants aged 18-75 years with type 2 diabetes, HbA1c 58-97 mmol/mol (7.5-11.0%) and BMI 20.0-35.0 kg/m2 and on stable-dose metformin and sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor therapy for ≥8 weeks prior to screening. Participants were assigned in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive HRS-7535 30 mg, HRS-7535 60 mg or visually matching placebo tablets once daily using a stratified block randomisation method, with treatment assignments concealed until study completion. The primary endpoint was the change in HbA1c from baseline to week 16. Secondary efficacy outcomes included the proportions of participants achieving HbA1c targets of <53 mmol/mol (7.0%) and ≤48 mmol/mol (6.5%), and changes from baseline in fasting body weight to week 16. A total of 155 participants with a mean baseline HbA1c of 69 mmol/mol (8.5%) were randomly assigned to HRS-7535 30 mg (n=51), HRS-7535 60 mg (n=53) or placebo (n=51). At week 16, the least‑squares mean differences in HbA1c from baseline for the HRS-7535 30 mg, HRS-7535 60 mg and placebo groups were -16 mmol/mol (95% CI -19, -14) (-1.5% [95% CI -1.7, -1.3]), -20 mmol/mol (95% CI -22, -17) (-1.8% [95% CI -2.0, -1.6]) and -4 mmol/mol (95% CI -7, -2) (-0.4% [95% CI -0.6, -0.2]), respectively (p<0.0001 for both HRS-7535 doses vs placebo). The proportions of participants achieving HbA1c <53 mmol/mol (7.0%) were 51.0% in the HRS‑7535 30 mg group, 66.0% in the HRS‑7535 60 mg group, and 9.8% in the placebo group; the corresponding proportions for HbA1c ≤48 mmol/mol (6.5%) were 35.3%, 37.7% and 3.9%, respectively. Body weight loss was -2.4% in the HRS-7535 60 mg group vs -0.7% in the placebo group. Most treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were mild to moderate, and gastrointestinal adverse events were the most common. No severe hypoglycaemia was reported. The only TEAE that led to treatment discontinuation occurred in the placebo group. Treatment with HRS-7535 resulted in significant improvements in glycaemic management in participants with type 2 diabetes, and the drug exhibited a favourable safety profile. To address a significant clinical data void, this research focused on the addition of HRS‑7535 to the background regimen of metformin and SGLT2i for glycaemic management in participants with type 2 diabetes. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06393348. Funding This study was funded by Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals.

PMID 42875600
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PubMedInternational journal of obstetric anesthesia2026-10-14

Management of breakthrough pain during advanced labor with epidural alkalinized lidocaine 0.3%-epinephrine: a single-center retrospective study (2022-2026).

Hyuga Shunsuke S, Okutomi Toshiyuki T, Fujita Tomoe T, Kondo Hiroaki H

Breakthrough pain during advanced labor requires rapid analgesia while limiting motor block. We describe responses to epidural alkalinized lidocaine 0.3% with epinephrine 10 µg/mL. This single-center retrospective cohort included women receiving epidural alkalinized lidocaine 0.3%-epinephrine for breakthrough pain at cervical dilation of at least 7 cm after satisfactory neuraxial analgesia. Women with recurrent epidural boluses suggesting catheter dysfunction were excluded. Median bolus volume was 3 mL [interquartile range, 3-5]. The primary outcome was contraction-pain visual analog scale change from baseline to 5-15 min. Secondary outcomes included sensory and motor changes. Brackets indicate interquartile ranges. Paired assessments preceded delivery. Of 153 women, 143 were analyzed. Median visual analog scale decreased from 50 [30-60] to 0 [0-0] mm (mean reduction, 45.2; 95% confidence interval, 41.9-48.4); 126 (88.1%) scored 10 mm or less. Median rescue-to-delivery interval was 52 min [31-88]. Median cephalad cold-loss extension was one dermatome [1-2]. Modified Bromage scores were unchanged in 138 (96.5%) and worsened in five (3.5%). Maternal hypotension and new fetal heart rate abnormalities each affected six women (4.2%). Among vaginal deliveries, operative delivery rates were 9.3 and 0.6 percentage points higher in nulliparous and parous women, respectively, than in same-period deliveries with neuraxial analgesia without the study rescue. Epidural alkalinized lidocaine 0.3%-epinephrine (3-8 mL) was followed by early pain reduction with infrequent motor block increase, supporting clinical application of prior laboratory findings. Prospective comparisons should assess motor function and delivery outcomes.

PMID 42874531
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