Drug Database
LK

LKF (Pentadecan / LKF / PDG)

✓ Approved

Lion · Small Molecule · Small Molecule

What is LKF?

LKF is a small molecule developed by Lion. It is approved for therapeutic indications.

Drug Profile

Brand NamesPentadecan, LKF, PDG
CompanyLion
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Lion

Therapeutic Indications

LKF is developed for 2 unique indications across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disordersSkin disorder✓ Approved
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disordersDermatosis✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedIEEE transactions on cybernetics2026-06-16

Improved Passivity Analysis for Neural Networks With Time-Varying Delay.

Zhou Xi-Zi XZ, An Jianqi J, He Yong Y

This article presents the passivity analysis of neural networks with time-varying delays (NNTVDs). The primary challenge stems from nonlinear delay-dependent terms that arise in estimating the derivative of the Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional (LKF). To address this, a linearization variable augmentation method is developed that strategically employs zero equations in conjunction with time-varying free-weighting matrices incorporating the delay derivative. This novel formulation completely eliminates nonlinear delay terms, rendering the passivity condition affine with respect to the delay. Furthermore, an improved time-varying S-procedure is proposed, where the multiplier matrices are constructed as affine functions of the delay, its derivative, and their product, providing greater freedom for bounding the neuron activation functions. These two key innovations together yield novel passivity and stability criteria that are significantly less conservative than existing ones, as rigorously demonstrated by comparative numerical examples and a practical case study.

PMID 42301833
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PubMedNeural networks : the official journal of the International Neural Network Society2026-06-15

Relaxed conditions and PSO-based optimization for the problem of Mittag-Leffler synchronization and its application in image restoration for fractional-order octonion-valued two-layer neural networks.

Xiao Jianying J, Huang Benkun B, Wen Shiping S

This study focuses on Mittag-Leffler synchronization of fractional-order octonion-valued two-layer neural networks (FOOVTLNNs) and its application in color image restoration. The non-commutativity and non-associativity of octonion algebra and memory-dependent dynamics of fractional-order systems pose key challenges for low-conservative synchronization criteria and efficient optimization. A unified FOOVTLNNs' model is established via Caputo fractional derivatives and general activation functions. A novel fractional-order quadratic inequality in octonion field is derived to reduce conservatism, and a hybrid framework such as non-decomposed Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional(LKF) and real-component-separated deduction is proposed to handle octonion algebraic constraints. Quadratic coefficients are embedded into LKF, criteria and controller gains for joint constraint relaxation. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) optimizes the quadratic coefficients, and three PSO-based synchronization algorithms are designed. Numerical simulations and image restoration experiments validate the method that the optimized algorithms can reduce conservatism, accelerate convergence, and improve Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and so on. The hybrid strategy overcomes some limitations of fractional-order octonion-valued network, while the relaxed criteria and PSO-aided algorithms provide a reliable theoretical and practical basis for FOOVTLNN synchronization and multimedia applications.

PMID 42287981
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PubMedIEEE transactions on cybernetics2026-06-08

Passivity-Based Pinning Synchronization Control of Switched Directed Networks With Improved Switching Strategy.

Cui Chongyi C, Sang Hong H, Liu Yi Y, Wang Peng P et al.

This research delves into the passivity-based pinning synchronization problem for switched directed networks (SDNs) within the context of a sampled-data-based event-triggered (SDET) communication environment. An improved state-dependent switching strategy (SDSS) using sampled measurements alongside a novel time-dependent Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional (LKF) approach is constructed. Subsequently, a relaxed passivity analysis framework is then presented, ensuring that the resultant synchronization error system (SES) remains passive, and that the examined SDNs achieve asymptotic synchronization in the absence of external inputs. Unlike conventional strategies, the proposed switching protocol depends exclusively on system states at discrete sampling instants and effectively utilizes historical state data, yielding a less conservative theoretical framework for passivity synthesis in SDNs. Furthermore, the resulting synchronization criterion is independent of the number of network nodes, rendering it suitable for SDNs with large size. Ultimately, two examples involving relevant application in image encryption and decryption are provided to verify the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed scheme, and highlight the distinct advantage of switching behaviors in enhancing encryption confidentiality.

PMID 42258674
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PubMedISA transactions2026-03-29

New results of vehicle sway dynamic system via a new LKF lemma and optimization algorithm.

Chen Yunpei Y, Zhao Can C, Shi Kaibo K, Zhang Lei L et al.

In vehicle systems, both information transmission and motor response exhibit non-negligible time-delay characteristics. To make performance predictions more consistent with actual vehicles, this paper focuses on the conservatism of vehicle delay systems. Existing methods involve strict constraints and limitations, and some approaches exhibit stronger conservatism. Therefore, this paper proposes a new slack Lyapunov function lemma to handle time-delay terms in the system by constructing a relaxation matrix. Additionally, a genetic algorithm is employed to optimize the adjustable parameters in the quadratic function negative determination lemma, further reducing the conservatism of the linear matrix inequality. Based on these strategies, stability criteria for the Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy vehicle sway system are developed. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method increases the system's maximum time-delay upper bound, reduces conservatism, and verifies the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed approach.

PMID 41904031
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PubMedIEEE transactions on cybernetics2026-03-06

A Novel Approach for Accurate SOC Estimation of Lithium-Ion Electric Vehicle Batteries Using a (Q, S, R)-$γ$-Based Dissipativity Observer.

Manivannan R R, Vinothini K K, Cao Jinde J

For the first time, this article presents a dissipativity-based observer design for accurate state-of-charge (SOC) estimation, essential for improving the safety, performance, and lifespan of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in electric vehicle (EV) battery management systems (BMSs). However, model uncertainties and measurement noise significantly affect estimation accuracy. To address this, a novel observer design based on ( $\mathcal {Q}, \mathcal {S}, \mathcal {R}$ )- $\gamma $ -dissipativity theory is developed, formulated within a linear matrix inequality (LMI) framework, and integrated with the Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional (LKF) approach. The proposed observer ensures robustness and stability in SOC estimation under uncertain and noisy conditions. A one-resistor capacitor (1-RC) equivalent circuit model (ECM) is adopted for battery modeling, with experimental validation performed on a Panasonic 18650PF cell. The proposed method is compared against the adaptive unscented Kalman filter (AUKF) under four drive cycles: the urban dynamometer driving schedule (UDDS), the aggressive US06 supplemental federal test procedure, the Los Angeles 92 (LA92), and the highway fuel economy test (HWFET). Results show that the proposed observer achieves root-mean-square errors (RMSEs) of 0.77%, 0.50%, 0.65%, and 0.48% and mean absolute errors (MAEs) of 0.59%, 0.42%, 0.50%, and 0.40% under UDDS, US06, LA92, and HWFET, respectively. This corresponds to RMSE reductions of 28.38%, 88.93%, 67.25%, and 38.35% compared with AUKF. Notably, the proposed method achieves a maximum accuracy of 99.23%, surpassing the latest reported accuracy of 98.50%.

PMID 41785093
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PubMedIEEE transactions on cybernetics2026-03-03

Extended Dissipative Event-Triggered Anti-Disturbance Control for Switched Markov Jumping Multiagent Systems With Multidisturbances and Transmission Delays.

Zheng Ying Y, Wang Junyi J, Ding Jinliang J, Chen Xiangyong X

This article investigates the event-triggered anti-disturbance control for multiagent systems (MASs) subjected to multiple disturbances and time-varying transmission delays (TDs). Unlike existing studies that only consider the abrupt changes in parameters or communication topologies, this work employs the dual-Markov jumping processes with a switching signal to describe stochastic behaviors based on a novel mapping technique. The dynamic event-triggered protocol (DETP) is established to reduce communication burdens by incorporating a packet loss schedule (PLS). Additionally, the composite anti-disturbance controllers are developed based on disturbance observers (DOs) and extended dissipative performance analysis. By employing Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional (LKF) and the Finsler lemma, the stabilization conditions of the switched dual-Markov jumping MAS (SDMJMAS) are derived. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed methods is validated through comparative experiments.

PMID 41774657
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