Drug Database
IS

isosorbide dinitrate + hydralazine (hydralazine + ISDN / BiDil / ISDN + hydralazine)

✓ Approved

Arbor Pharmaceuticals, LLC · CACNA1C · Small Molecule

What is isosorbide dinitrate + hydralazine?

isosorbide dinitrate + hydralazine is a small molecule developed by Arbor Pharmaceuticals, LLC. It is approved for therapeutic indications via oral (po).

Drug Profile

Brand Nameshydralazine + ISDN, BiDil, ISDN + hydralazine
CompanyArbor Pharmaceuticals, LLC
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
Molecular TargetCACNA1C
RouteOral (PO)
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Arbor Pharmaceuticals, LLC

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

isosorbide dinitrate + hydralazine acts on 1 molecular target:

CACNA1Ccalcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 C (CACNL1A1, CACNA1C-IT2)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

isosorbide dinitrate + hydralazine is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Cardiac disordersCardiac failure✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)2026-08-30

Isosorbide-Based Optically Clear Adhesives With Ultrahigh Transparency and Rapid Strain Recovery for Flexible Displays.

Choi Yoonji Y, Lee Geonwoo G, Kim Yeonseo Y, Jin Dahyun D et al.

Flexible and foldable displays require optically clear adhesives (OCAs) that combine ultrahigh optical transparency with mechanical resilience under repeated deformation. However, conventional acrylic-based OCAs often fail to achieve both properties simultaneously. Herein, we synthesized a polyurethane diacrylate (PUDA) crosslinker incorporating biomass-derived isosorbide and photostable 1,3-bis(isocyanatomethyl)cyclohexane (H6XDI) for flexible display adhesives. The segmented polyurethane architecture forms a mechanically flexible yet robust network, enabling rapid strain recovery while maintaining ultrahigh optical transparency. Furthermore, the incorporation of an isosorbide-based PUDA crosslinker introduces a biomass-derived component and preserves excellent optical properties due to its intrinsically low birefringence. As a result, the PUDA crosslinked OCA exhibits exceptional optical transmittance (99.8%) and maintains high transparency (98.6%) even at 50% tensile strain, alongside low modulus, stable adhesion, and clean debonding behavior. These results highlight the potential of PUDA OCAs for high-performance and energy-efficient foldable display applications.

PMID 42669159
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PubMedInternational journal of endocrinology2026-08-30

Associations of Five Insulin Resistance-Related Indices With Gout Risk in the 2007-2018 NHANES Cross-Sectional Study.

Yang Kewei K, Yang Kongming K, Liu Yuhan Y, Wang Qin Q et al.

This study investigated the associations between five insulin resistance (IR)-related surrogate indices and gout and compared their associations and discriminative abilities for gout. The indices included the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, TyG combined with body mass index (TyG-BMI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), visceral adiposity index (VAI), and metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR). Data from the 2007-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were analyzed. Comparisons between the gout and nongout groups were performed using t-tests and chi-square tests. Multivariable logistic regression and subgroup analyses were used to assess the associations. Among 14,582 participants (4.80% with gout), adjusted analyses identified the highest METS-IR quartile as the strongest predictor of gout (adjusted OR = 2.823, 95%CI 1.643-4.851), followed by TyG-BMI (OR = 2.290, 95%CI 1.555-3.373). Restricted cubic splines revealed nonlinear associations of TyG and LAP with gout risk, contrasting with linear trends for TyG-BMI, VAI, and METS-IR. Subgroup analyses suggested that elevated TyG and VAI were positively associated with gout in nondiabetic individuals (interaction p < 0.05). All five IR-related indices showed positive associations with gout, particularly in those with central obesity. These indices showed modest discriminative ability for gout, and further validation is needed.

PMID 42668779
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PubMedCaspian journal of internal medicine2026-08-30

Vitamin C intake is a novel potential therapeutic approach in the secretion of adiponectin and in the treatment of abdominal obesity.

Ghanwat Ganesh H GH, Hendre Anup S AS, Sontakke Ajit V AV, Yadav Bhagyashri B et al.

The prevalence of abdominal obesity is increasing rapidly worldwide and is a leading cause of morbidities and mortalities. Abdominal obesity is associated with various health complications including insulin resistance (IR), type 2 diabetes etc. The present research studied the outcome of VC intake on adiponectin (ACRP30) levels and its relationship with waist circumference (WC) and IR. The present study was carried out on a total of 80 subjects. 42 obese (20 males and 22 females) and 38 non-obese (19 males and 19 females) were enrolled into two groups. Vitamin C (500 mg) was provided to all study subjects and instructed to consume it three times a day over a period of 90 consecutive days. Fasting blood samples were collected at the baseline and end of the study. Adiponectin levels were measured. Data were analyzed by using a two-tailed Student's t-test. Vitamin C supplementation significantly increased serum adiponectin (ACRP30) levels in obese males (P = 0.0485), obese females (P = 0.0235), non-obese males (0.0457), and non-obese females (0.0245). Adiponectin is inversely correlated with WC and IR. No significant differences were found in the levels of serum adiponectin between study participants gender-wise. 500 mg of vitamin C intake, three times a day for 90 days, is a novel potential therapeutic approach to restore the capacity of adipose tissue in secreting adiponectin and for the treatment of abdominal obesity and allied complications.

PMID 42668856
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PubMedGastro hep advances2026-08-30

Comparative Efficacy of Herbal Products on Metabolic Parameters in Metabolic-Dysfunction Associated Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.

Sairaj Revathi Thirumushi RT, Chen Liang Alejandro A, Cruz Castillo Yeison Y, Fermin Madera Mariela Denise MD et al.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is closely linked to dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and impaired glucose metabolism. Herbal products are widely used in MASLD, but their comparative metabolic effects and certainty of evidence remain unclear. We conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis to evaluate herbal products on metabolic outcomes in MASLD. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews registration (CRD420251236813), we searched PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Cochrane through September 2025 for randomized trials of herbal products in adults with MASLD. Primary outcomes were triglycerides (TG), fasting blood glucose (FBG), and Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR); secondary outcomes included cholesterol fractions, hemoglobin A1c, and body mass index. Random-effects network meta-analysis estimated mean differences (MDs) (95% confidence interval); certainty was assessed using CINeMA (Confidence in Network Meta-Analysis). A total of 123 trials were included (n = 8595). For TG, significant reductions vs placebo occurred with Korean red ginseng (MD: -99.00), naringenin (MD: -92.50), and artichoke leaf (MD: -52.60; all P < .01); surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) favored naringenin and Korean red ginseng (both 0.96). For FBG, green tea (MD: -16.98; P = .03), hesperidin + flaxseed (MD: -14.44), and garlic (MD: -13.51) were top-ranked (SUCRA: 0.90, 0.89, 0.87). For HOMA-IR, sumac (MD: -2.32; P < .01), green tea (MD: -1.81), and berberine + tocotrienols + green coffee (MD: -1.80) showed greatest improvements (SUCRA: 0.94 for sumac). Artichoke leaf, curcumin, and green tea improved total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and body mass index; no intervention reduced hemoglobin A1c. CINeMA showed high confidence only for artichoke leaf on total cholesterol; moderate for select TG, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and HOMA-IR outcomes; remaining were low or very low. Selected herbal products, particularly artichoke leaf, curcumin, green tea, flaxseed, and garlic may offer modest, domain-specific metabolic improvements in MASLD, though confidence was low for most outcomes. These therapies may serve as adjuncts, not substitutes for approved treatments. Larger randomized controlled trials with standardized formulations, long-term safety data, and liver-specific outcomes are needed.

PMID 42668494
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PubMedClinical medicine insights. Case reports2026-08-30

Successful Reversal of Tamoxifen-Associated Weight Gain and Metabolic Dysfunction with Liraglutide in a Breast Cancer Survivor: A Case Report.

Anvarbek Masharibov M, Umarov Doniyor D, Khalbayeva Zarina Z, Smerat Aseel A et al.

Introduction: Adjuvant endocrine therapy for breast cancer - particularly tamoxifen - is commonly associated with weight gain, increased adiposity, and metabolic dysfunction. Lifestyle measures often fail to reverse these effects. Evidence regarding glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists in this specific context remains limited. Reversal of tamoxifen-associated weight gain with liraglutide has been rarely reported. Case Presentation: A 58-year-old postmenopausal woman with stage IIA, hormone-receptor positive breast cancer experienced marked weight gain after 24 months of tamoxifen therapy, despite diet and exercise. She developed prediabetes, insulin resistance (assessed by Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance [HOMA-IR] 4.9), and dyslipidemia. Liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, was initiated and titrated to 3.0 mg/day. Over 12 months, she lost 18.5 kg, and her metabolic parameters, including HOMA-IR and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), normalized. Tamoxifen therapy was continued without adverse effects. Conclusion: This case suggests that liraglutide may reverse substantial tamoxifen-associated weight gain and related metabolic derangements in a breast cancer survivor. The observed improvement exceeded what is typically achieved with lifestyle measures alone. Formal studies are needed to define the role of GLP-1 receptor agonists in managing endocrine therapy-related metabolic complications.

PMID 42668751
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PubMedNatural product research2026-08-30

Pyranonaphthoquinone derivative dimer and naphthalene derivatives from Ventilago denticulata (willd.) roots: isolation, structure elucidation, and cytotoxic activity.

Photai Kanokwan K, Nontakitticharoen Mongkol M, Prathumchat Jiratthakan J, Leerat Chadaporn C et al.

Phytochemical investigation of the roots of Ventilago denticulata afforded three previously undescribed metabolites, a pyranonaphthoquinone derivative dimer, ventilanone W (1), and two naphthalene derivatives, ventilagodenins C (2) and D (3), together with sixteen known compounds (4-19). The structures were established by IR, one-dimensional (1H,13C, and DEPTQ-135) and two-dimensional (HSQC, COSY, NOESY, and HMBC) NMR, and high-resolution mass spectrometry. The structure of 1 was further confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Selected isolates were assessed for in vitro cytotoxicity against HeLa, A549, and MCF-7 cell lines using the MTT assay. Compound 2 showed moderate cytotoxicity, with IC50 values of 28.54 ± 0.45, 25.56 ± 0.71, and 30.57 ± 0.54 µM, respectively, while 8 exhibited moderate activity, with IC50 values of 32.97 ± 0.44, 21.28 ± 0.13, and 12.17 ± 0.10 µM, respectively. These results enrich the phytochemical profile of V. denticulata and highlight 2 and 8 as bioactive constituents.

PMID 42669196
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