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indometacin plaster

✓ Approved

Kowa · PTGS1 · Small Molecule

What is indometacin plaster?

indometacin plaster is a small molecule developed by Kowa. It is approved for therapeutic indications via transdermal.

Drug Profile

CompanyKowa
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
Molecular TargetPTGS1, PTGS2
RouteTransdermal
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Kowa

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

indometacin plaster acts on 2 molecular targets:

PTGS1prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (COX3, PCOX1)
PTGS2prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (GRIPGHS, hCox-2)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

indometacin plaster is developed for 2 unique indications across 2 therapeutic areas.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Gastrointestinal disordersAbdominal pain✓ Approved
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disordersPruritus✓ Approved

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Fürnwein Lukas L, Lehner Elias E, Tichy Johannes J, Waldherr Monika M et al.

On historic masonry and plaster, moisture-driven salt crystallization cycles impose mechanical stress and create niches for halophilic and halotolerant microbial communities. Halotolerant/halophilic microorganisms isolated from these man-made heritage environments are usually not as well characterized as those isolated from natural environments and represent a genetic and biotechnological potential that has not been thoroughly studied to date. This study provides insights into the genomes of five selected halophilic and halotolerant microorganisms isolated from two salt-weathered heritage sites in Austria: the subterranean St. Virgil Chapel beneath St. Stephen's Cathedral (13th century) and the Charterhouse Mauerbach (14th century). Isolates displaying coloration under 10-20% NaCl were sequenced using Oxford Nanopore long-read technology, yielding complete genomes and plasmids. Functional annotation focused on metabolic, osmoregulatory and pigment biosynthesis pathways to elucidate adaptive strategies underpinning their persistence under extreme salinity. Comparative genomic analyses revealed variations between the isolated strains with their respective references, as well as species-specific traits that have not been described in detail before and confirmed the presence of robust carotenoid pathways including bacterioruberin synthesis in Halococcus, mixed C40/C50 carotenoids in Nesterenkonia, and C30/C40 carotenoids in Halobacillus. Furthermore, two isolates, Marinobacter sp. 119-V2 and Modicisalibacter sp. 110-V3, likely represent novel taxa, indicating that salt-weathered heritage sites represent a specific environmental niche that selects for specific microbial colonizers. By integrating cultivation, phenotypic characterization, and genomic analysis, this work advances beyond descriptive community surveys toward mechanistic understanding of microbial functions relevant to conservation science. Genome-informed insights into pigment biosynthesis and osmotic stress response help predict microbial behavior under environmental or treatment-induced salinity fluctuations, supporting the development of targeted, scientifically grounded preservation approaches for salt-affected cultural heritage.

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Adesina Kolawole E KE, DiNatale James A JA, Costa Stephanie S SS, Faber Bethany B et al.

Lead (Pb) threatens wildlife and humans through neurological, cardiovascular, and renal damage. Conventional tissue Pb assessment relies on costly wet-lab methods such as inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Monochromatic X-ray fluorescence (MXRF) enables rapid, non-destructive, field-deployable Pb detection with lower detection limits than prior portable XRF systems. We evaluated the feasibility, calibration, attenuation correction, and ICP-MS agreement of a doubly curved crystal (DCC)-enhanced MXRF (X-ray Optical Systems, East Greenbush, NY) for bone Pb quantification in American black vultures (Coragyps atratus). Thirty-eight bird bones were analyzed ex vivo (n=19 femurs; n=19 tarsometatarsi[TMT]) using an HD Mobile XRF (1-mm spot;Mo anode;silicon drift detector;200s). Calibration used Pb-doped plaster phantoms (0-100ppm) with polymethyl methacrylate soft-tissue equivalents (0-5 mm). Spectra (10.0-13.6keV) were fit with a Gaussian Pb-peak on a smooth background and Compton sideband normalization. Matched samples were quantified by ICP-MS. Agreement was assessed by ordinary least squares (OLS) regression, Pearson r, Passing-Bablok, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC; two-way, absolute), reduced major axis (RMA) regression, and Bland-Altman analysis. Detection limits were obtained using blank-and-slope calibration and 30 repeated measurements on two bones. Signal attenuated exponentially, limiting reliable quantification beyond ∼3mm soft tissue. Calibration was linear (counts vs. ppm: R2=0.996; phantom nominal vs. MXRF:R2=0.994). MXRF agreed closely with ICP-MS (femur r=0.959, ICC=0.933;TMT r=0.962,ICC=0.953). Bland-Altman mean biases were small (femur: -1.73μg/g; TMT: -0.42μg/g) without proportional bias. Passing-Bablok slopes approached unity (≈0.86-0.96) with small intercepts. Practical DLs were 1.79μg/g(femur) and 0.80μg/g(TMT) and are the relevant benchmarks for biological measurement; the calibration-derived instrumental DL of 0.03μg/g at 200 s is an idealized zero-matrix value. This DCC-based MXRF delivered rapid, non-destructive bone Pb estimates concordant with ICP-MS and low DLs. Attenuation correction and fixed geometry support ex vivo Pb surveillance, carcass triage, and program evaluation in birds, with extension to other species, including humans.

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Gökçay Hasan H, Oflezer Özlem Ö, Namlı Mustafa Nuray MN, Oflezer Ceyhan C et al.

From the perspective of the developmental correlation between the face and brain, quantitative craniofacial findings such as tooth size may indicate important stages of neurodevelopment in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare maxillary tooth size and some dental anomalies in patients with schizophrenia in a blinded manner with non-psychiatric controls. A total of 200 participants (100 patients with schizophrenia and 100 control subjects) aged 18-45 were included in the study. Plaster dental models were prepared from the measurements of the maxillary dental arch. The mesiodistal (MD) and buccolingual (BL) dimensions of the maxillary teeth were measured on dental casts by two observers using digital calipers. In addition to dimensional assessments, dental abnormalities such as tooth rotation, diastema, tooth crowding, and peg-shaped lateral incisors were also recorded. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of age and sex (p >0.05). Statistical analyses showed that patients with schizophrenia exhibited significantly smaller measurements in both MD (P <0.001) and BL (p <0.001) dimensions across all teeth evaluated. Furthermore, multivariate binomial logistic regression revealed MD size (B=-2.020, p <0.001) and the presence of diastema (Β=1.656, p <0.001) as significant independent predictors of schizophrenia. Reduction in tooth size and increased presence of diastema in patients with schizophrenia may contribute to the hypothesis that there are possible variations that may represent specific markers of embryological dysmorphogenesis underlying schizophrenia.

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Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is a prevalent gynecological disease that significantly impairs women's quality of life. Although Aifu Nuangong Wan (AFNGW) has demonstrated therapeutic efficacy on PD, its conventional oral administration is hindered by the first-pass effect and gastrointestinal adverse reactions. This study developed a novel traditional Chinese medicine transdermal plaster, Aifu Nuangong Plaster (AFNGP), based on Aifu Nuangong Wan (AFNGW). Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms by which AFNGP alleviates PD have not yet been fully clarified. To reveal the bioactive constituents and potential mechanisms of AFNGP in treating PD. UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS was employed to identify the chemical components in AFNGP extract and drug-containing serum, while the Deep-PK model was utilized to predict the transdermal properties of components in AFNGP extract. Network pharmacology and molecular docking were performed based on the analysis of blood-absorbed prototype components. A PD rat model was established using estradiol benzoate and oxytocin to evaluate the therapeutic effects of AFNGP. Furthermore, the functional mechanism of AFNGP on PD was predicted using network pharmacology and transcriptomics, followed by further validation using Western blotting. Pharmacodynamic assessment demonstrated that AFNGP improved symptoms in PD rats, as demonstrated by reduced writhing responses, alleviated uterine histopathological damage, and decreased levels of PGF₂α and IL-6 in serum and uterine tissues in a dose-dependent manner. A total of 82 compounds in AFNGP extract and 19 prototype components in serum. Integrated network pharmacology and RNA-seq analysis indicated that AFNGP exerted therapeutic effects on PD through the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. Moreover, Western blotting revealed that AFNGP inhibited the expression of key proteins in the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. AFNGP protected against PD by targeting the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, thereby providing novel evidence for its potential application in PD.

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