Drug Database
AB

abacavir sulfate

✓ Approved

Roche · Companion diagnostic · Companion diagnostic

What is abacavir sulfate?

abacavir sulfate is a companion diagnostic developed by Roche. It is approved for therapeutic indications via others.

Drug Profile

CompanyRoche
Drug ClassCompanion diagnostic
RouteOthers
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Roche

Related Research Articles

PubMedPeerJ2026-08-30

Identification and validation of novel platelet-related genes in ulcerative colitis using bioinformatics and machine learning strategies.

Huang Jin J, Dai Ying Y, Lu Shuangshuang S, Li Xue X et al.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory disorder of the colonic mucosa. Although colonoscopy remains the diagnostic cornerstone for UC, its invasive nature highlights the need for additional biomarkers. This study used differential expression analysis, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), and machine-learning algorithms to identify three key platelet-related genes (PRGs)-TRIM22, TIMP1, and RAC2-that are involved in UC development. Immune cell analysis and single-cell analyses indicated that the expression of these key genes was significantly correlated with macrophages, neutrophils, and mast cells. Moreover, these key PRGs were mainly involved in pathways related to UC, such as chemokine signaling and leukocyte transendothelial migration. The expression levels of the key PRGs were further validated in independent datasets, dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis tissues, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) samples from UC patients. Collectively, these findings support a platelet-related three-gene signature with potential diagnostic and biological relevance in UC.

PMID 42668808
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PubMedDrug development and industrial pharmacy2026-08-30

Development of Extended-Release Oral Dosage Forms of Salbutamol Sulfate Using the Hot-Melt Extrusion Manufacturing Technique.

Ramadan Banan B, Al-Zoubi Nizar N, Migdadi Eman E, AlSuwais Alia Kh AK et al.

To fabricate and characterize extrudable polymeric matrices using a combination of ethyl cellulose (EC) and two different grades of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) that can provide sustained drug release of the model drug salbutamol sulfate. Implementation of the Hot-Melt Extrusion (HME) technique in the fabrication of polymeric combinations that will provide ready-to-use matrices for sustained release dosage forms. Two formulation groups were developed; each with six formulations. The first group contained EC: HPC 370,000 ratios ranging from 55.52:13.8% to 6.9:62.46%, respectively. The second group contained EC: HPC 80,000 ranging from 59.4:10% to 9.4:60%, respectively. The release profiles were determined via in vitro studies to assess the ability of matrices to prolong salbutamol release. Solid-state characterization was also performed on the raw material and representative extrudates formulations using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and polarized light microscopy (PLM). The first group formulations exhibited prolonged drug release profiles that accelerated progressively as the level of HPC 370,000 increased. In contrast, the second group formulations exhibited a noticeably faster release, demonstrating that HPC 80,000 can effectively accelerate drug release through enhanced matrix erosion and water penetration. DSC and XRPD revealed that the model drug remained in its stable crystalline state even after thermal processing via HME. PLM further confirmed drug crystallinity within the extrudates. EC-HPC matrices successfully demonstrated the feasibility of using HME to prepare sustained-release matrices for salbutamol sulfate with the ability to tune drug release by varying polymer grade and ratio.

PMID 42669207
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PubMedTherapeutic advances in musculoskeletal disease2026-08-30

Diagnostic performance of salivary gland ultrasonography using the OMERACT scoring system in Sjögren disease: A cross-sectional diagnostic accuracy study.

Hossain Md Ismail MI, Choudhury Minhaj Rahim MR, Majumder Muhammad Shoaib Momen MSM, Shazzad Md Nahiduzzamane MN et al.

Sjögren disease (SjD) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by salivary and lacrimal gland dysfunction. Salivary gland ultrasonography (SGUS) is a non-invasive, accessible imaging modality for assessing glandular structural changes, although its diagnostic performance compared with conventional diagnostic tests requires further evaluation. To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of OMERACT-scored salivary gland ultrasonography in patients with suspected primary or secondary SjD. This is a cross-sectional diagnostic accuracy study of salivary ultrasonography. This study was conducted in the Department of Rheumatology, Bangladesh Medical University, from February 2023 to February 2024. Patients presenting with sicca symptoms were classified according to the 2016 ACR/EULAR classification criteria, which served as the reference standard. All participants underwent clinical evaluation, Schirmer's test, unstimulated whole salivary flow rate (UWSFR), anti-SSA/anti-SSB antibody testing, and SGUS of the parotid and submandibular glands. SGUS images were scored using the OMERACT semiquantitative grayscale scoring system (0-3 per gland) by a blinded examiner. Diagnostic performance was assessed using sensitivity, specificity, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Among 100 participants, 50 fulfilled the 2016 ACR/EULAR classification criteria for SjD. Patients with SjD had significantly higher mean SGUS scores and lower mean UWSFR compared with those without SjD (p < 0.001). An OMERACT SGUS grade ≥2 in at least one gland demonstrated 84% sensitivity and 92% specificity. A total SGUS score ≥4 showed 88% sensitivity and 86% specificity, whereas a score ≥6 provided 100% specificity with reduced sensitivity (64%). SGUS showed excellent diagnostic performance with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.94 (95% CI: 0.90-0.99). Compared with SGUS, Schirmer's test demonstrated lower diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity 65.3%, specificity 52%), while UWSFR showed high sensitivity (92%) but limited specificity (48%). SGUS score showed a weak positive correlation with disease duration (r = 0.33, p < 0.05). OMERACT-scored salivary gland ultrasonography demonstrated excellent diagnostic accuracy and superior specificity compared with conventional functional tests. SGUS may serve as a valuable non-invasive adjunctive tool in the diagnostic evaluation of patients with suspected SjD.

PMID 42668827
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PubMedPakistan journal of medical sciences2026-08-30

Diagnostic value of platelet-lymphocyte ratio for pediatric sepsis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Chen Li L, Yang Qiuping Q

Early diagnosis of pediatric sepsis remains challenging due to limitations of conventional biomarkers. The platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), derived from routine blood tests, has emerged as a potential diagnostic marker. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of PLR for pediatric sepsis. A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus was conducted from inception to March 15, 2026. Studies assessing the diagnostic performance of PLR in pediatric sepsis and reporting sufficient data to construct 2×2 contingency tables were included. Pooled sensitivity and specificity were calculated using a random-effects model. Summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) analysis and Deeks' funnel plot were performed. Fifteen studies with 1,980 patients were included. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of PLR for diagnosing pediatric sepsis were 0.81 (95% CI: 0.73-0.87) and 0.72 (95% CI: 0.60-0.82), respectively. The SROC curve demonstrated an area under the curve of 0.79, indicating moderate diagnostic accuracy. Significant heterogeneity was observed. Subgroup analysis showed better performance in larger studies (≥150 patients) and studies using higher PLR cut-offs (>50). Deeks' funnel plot showed no evidence of publication bias (p = 0.536). Evidence from studies with high-risk of bias indicates that PLR may have moderate diagnostic accuracy for pediatric sepsis and may serve as a simple, cost-effective adjunctive biomarker. Since, most studies were on neonatal population, evidence may not be generalized to older pediatric populations. Further large-scale prospective studies are needed to establish standardized cut-off values and validate its clinical utility.Registration No: PROSPERO (No. CRD420261338676).

PMID 42668943
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PubMedEuropean heart journal. Case reports2026-08-30

Phenotypic overlap masking MELAS in Turner syndrome: a diagnostic challenge.

Shinozaki Tomoya T, Sumiyoshi Hironobu H, Ueshima Daisuke D, Onaka Joe J et al.

Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) is a multisystemic disorder that can present with diverse clinical features, including cardiomyopathy and chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction. However, diagnosing MELAS can be challenging when its manifestations overlap with other genetic syndromes, leading to diagnostic anchoring and potential mismanagement. A 51-year-old woman with mosaic Turner syndrome presented with concentric left ventricular hypertrophy and mildly reduced systolic function (left ventricular ejection fraction 45%). Her medical history included childhood-onset hearing loss, hypothyroidism, and recurrent intestinal obstruction of unknown etiology, which had been previously attributed to Turner syndrome or its comorbidities. Despite resolution of bowel symptoms during prior hospitalizations, she exhibited persistent hyperlactataemia (4.55 mmol/L), a diagnostic red flag. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging showed patchy mid-wall late gadolinium enhancement, suggesting a non-ischaemic process. Family history revealed a maternal pattern of cardiomyopathy and stroke-like episodes. Genetic analysis confirmed the m.3243A > G mitochondrial DNA mutation (heteroplasmy 23%), establishing a diagnosis of MELAS. Earlier recognition of mitochondrial dysfunction might have avoided a previous unnecessary laparotomy performed for suspected intestinal ischaemia. This case illustrates the clinical challenge of phenotypic masking; features of Turner syndrome masked the underlying MELAS, resulting in a significant diagnostic delay. The coexistence of unexplained cardiomyopathy, recurrent pseudo-obstruction, and persistent hyperlactataemia should prompt consideration of mitochondrial disease, even in patients with an established genetic diagnosis. Clinicians must remain vigilant for multisystemic 'red flags' to avoid diagnostic anchoring and ensure appropriate metabolic and genetic evaluation.

PMID 42668775
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PubMedCureus2026-08-30

The Great Mimickers: Navigating Diagnostic Pitfalls in Modern Rheumatology.

Assabag Yarden Y

Background Rheumatological mimics frequently cause diagnostic errors and unnecessary immunosuppression due to overreliance on positive serology or non-specific imaging. This review evaluates eight illustrative cases where initial objective findings heavily conflicted with the final, etiology-driven diagnosis. Methods A retrospective chart review of eight patients from a tertiary rheumatology practice was performed. Cases were selected based on significant incongruence between initial laboratory or high-sensitivity imaging profiles and the final clinical etiology. A literature search across PubMed and Google Scholar up to June 2026 contextualized these pitfalls. Results The cohort highlighted critical diagnostic traps: crystal arthropathy misdiagnosed as systemic vasculitis, lupus phenocopies, and structural/functional disorders (e.g., temporomandibular joint dysfunction) misattributed to fibromyalgia. Comprehensive clinical re-evaluation led to the cessation of inappropriate immunomodulatory treatments and the initiation of targeted, etiology-specific therapies. Comprehensive re-evaluation led to the cessation of inappropriate immunomodulatory treatments in all eight patients, with six receiving targeted etiology-specific therapies and two benefiting from lifestyle or occupational modifications. Conclusions Isolated laboratory titers and imaging findings must never supersede strict clinical correlation. Recognizing these common mimics is essential to halt diagnostic momentum and prevent treatment-related morbidity.

PMID 42668922
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