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AD

adalimumab (Mabura)

✓ Approved

Hetero Labs · TNF · Monoclonal Antibodies

What is adalimumab?

adalimumab is a monoclonal antibodies developed by Hetero Labs. It is approved for therapeutic indications via injectable (others) or intravenous (iv) or subcutaneous injection.

Drug Profile

Brand NamesMabura
CompanyHetero Labs
Drug ClassMonoclonal Antibodies, Antibody
Molecular TargetTNF
RouteInjectable (Others), Intravenous (IV), Subcutaneous Injection
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Hetero Labs

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

adalimumab acts on 1 molecular target:

TNFtumor necrosis factor (TNFA, TNF-alpha)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

adalimumab is developed for 10 unique indications across 4 therapeutic areas.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disordersAnkylosing spondylitis✓ Approved
Gastrointestinal disordersColitis ulcerative✓ Approved
Gastrointestinal disordersCrohn's disease✓ Approved
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disordersHidradenitis✓ Approved
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disordersPsoriasis✓ Approved

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Related Research Articles

PubMedCureus2026-07-17

Switching Between Reference Adalimumab and Biosimilars in Adult Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Literature Review.

Nabhan Shuroog S, Qary Hesham H, Ajwah Abdullah A, Alsaeedi Bassam B et al.

Biosimilar adalimumab agents have been introduced as cost-effective alternatives to reference adalimumab for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); however, uncertainties remain regarding the outcomes of switching between reference and biosimilars in routine practice. Therefore, this systematic review was conducted to assess outcomes following switching between reference adalimumab and biosimilars in adult patients with IBD. A systematic search was undertaken in PubMed/MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar to identify relevant studies. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, registry-based analyses, and real-world evidence evaluating adult IBD patients (≥18 years) who switched between reference and biosimilar adalimumab. A total of seven studies comprising 5721 patients were included. Among these, three were prospective studies, three were retrospective studies, and one was a cross-sectional study. Follow-up ranged from six months to 26 months. Across studies, remission and response rates after switching were comparable to continuation on reference adalimumab, with most cohorts reporting remission in 74-90% of patients. Biomarkers generally remained stable or improved. Persistence outcomes were heterogeneous, with specialized centers reporting high multi-year persistence (>80%). Safety profiles were similar across products, with injection-site reactions being the most frequent adverse events (AEs) and a common cause of discontinuation. Serious AEs were rare. Immunogenicity data were limited but did not indicate clinically meaningful differences between reference and biosimilars.

PMID 42465156
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PubMedGraefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie2026-07-17

Sub-Tenon's triamcinolone bridging to adalimumab therapy in refractory noninfectious uveitic macular edema.

Zou Yaru Y, Yang Mingming M, Zhang Jing J, Zong Yuan Y et al.

Noninfectious uveitic macular edema (UME) is a major cause of visual impairment and remains challenging in refractory cases. Although adalimumab (ADA) is an effective biologic therapy, its delayed onset may limit early disease control, suggesting a potential role for bridging strategies such as local corticosteroid injection. This study compared ADA monotherapy with ADA combined with sub-Tenon's triamcinolone acetonide (STTA) bridging therapy in refractory noninfectious UME. In this retrospective longitudinal cohort study, 30 patients (44 eyes) with refractory noninfectious UME treated with ADA (2015-2025) were included. Patients received either ADA monotherapy or ADA with STTA bridging therapy. Outcomes included time to improvement (≥ 20% reduction in central subfield thickness (CST) with reduced cystoid spaces), relapse after resolution, longitudinal CST changes, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA, LogMAR), and intraocular pressure (IOP). Time-to-event analyses were performed using Cox regression, and Longitudinal data using generalized estimating equation models adjusted for baseline covariates. Bridging therapy was associated with a shorter time to improvement (log-rank p = 0.008; HR 2.850, 95% CI 1.402-5.794; p = 0.004). Adjusted analyses showed greater visual improvement in the bridging group at 12 months (difference 0.307 LogMAR; p < 0.001) and at 15, 24, and 36 months (p < 0.05). Greater CST reductions were observed at 3, 18, 21, and 36 months (p < 0.05). Relapse risk did not differ significantly (HR 0.711, 95% CI 0.155-3.272; p = 0.662). IOP changes were generally comparable. ADA combined with STTA bridging therapy was associated with earlier anatomical improvement and additional visual benefits compared with ADA monotherapy, without increased relapse risk.

PMID 42467200
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PubMedOcular immunology and inflammation2026-07-16

Ocular Involvement in Childhood-Onset Sarcoidosis: A Case Series.

Rees Amelia A, Noor Maha M, Olatunji Patrick P, Varnier Giulia G et al.

Childhood-onset sarcoidosis (COS) is a rare granulomatous autoinflammatory condition characterised by arthritis, dermatitis, and uveitis which includes early-onset forms (sporadic or Blau syndrome) and a later-onset form resembling adult sarcoidosis. Ocular involvement often occurs early and may be a prominent, sight-threatening feature. Despite this, COS is sparsely described in the literature. This case series aims to characterise the ocular manifestations, complications, and outcomes in COS. A review of patients diagnosed with COS under a tertiary paediatric uveitis service. Data collected included age at onset, clinical findings, diagnostic methods, treatments, ocular complications, and visual acuity (VA) at presentation and last follow-up. Six patients were identified, all of whom presented with granulomatous uveitis. Four had posterior segment involvement including choroiditis and optic disc swelling. The mean age of ocular disease onset was 7 years. Diagnosis was supported by elevated serum angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) followed by lymph node biopsy (n = 3), skin biopsy (n = 2), and/or NOD2 mutation (n = 3). All received systemic immunosuppression: methotrexate (n = 6), adalimumab (n = 5), mycophenolate (n = 2), oral corticosteroids (n = 3), and infliximab (n = 1). Complications included uveitic glaucoma (n = 2), cataract (n = 3), and chorioretinal scarring (n = 1). VA improved or remained stable in most, with one case of persistent visual impairment. COS-related uveitis demonstrates an aggressive, chronic course with early onset, bilateral involvement, and frequent complications with potential to cause visual loss. Careful ophthalmic screening in children with known or suspected sarcoidosis is critical.

PMID 42461878
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PubMedJournal of clinical medicine2026-07-15

Medical and Surgical Management of Hidradenitis Suppurativa.

Frew John W JW, Bechara Falk G FG

Background: HS is a chronic inflammatory skin disease in which inflammatory nodules and abscesses coexist with tunnels, fibrosis, and scarring. This dual biology explains why medical therapy often improves inflammatory dissease activity without fully addressing fixed tissue damage, whereas surgery can achieve durable local control but does not treat diffuse inflammatory burden. Contemporary international guidelines increasingly endorse multimodal and medicosurgical care. Objective: To critically compare the evidence supporting medical and surgical management of HS, with emphasis on outcomes, indications, limitations, and clinical decision-making relevant to contemporary practice. Methods: A structured review was undertaken using PubMed/MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, and major dermatology guideline sources, with searches updated to 7 May 2026. Priority was given to clinical guidelines, systematic reviews and meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, and higher-quality observational studies. Evidence was synthesized narratively because endpoints, populations, and follow-up intervals differed markedly across medical and surgical studies. Results: Medical evidence is strongest for biologic therapy in moderate-to-severe inflammatory HS. Weekly adalimumab improved week-12 HiSCR in the phase 3 PIONEER trials; secukinumab improved week-16 and week-52 outcomes in SUNSHINE/SUNRISE; and bimekizumab improved week-16 HiSCR50 in BE HEARD I/II. Surgical evidence is strongest for wide excision in structurally advanced disease, particularly when compared with local excision or incision and drainage. Meta-analytic data consistently show lower recurrence after wide excision than after local excision, and lower recurrence after flap or graft reconstruction than after primary closure. Combined therapy is increasingly supported: peri-operative adalimumab improved outcomes in SHARPS, and surgery plus adalimumab outperformed adalimumab alone in a pragmatic 12-month RCT. Conclusions: HS is best managed by matching treatment to disease phenotype. Medical therapy is essential for inflammatory control; surgery is essential for persistent tunnels, fibrosis, and scarred regional disease. The strongest overall clinical position is an integrated, multidisciplinary model in which systemic therapy reduces inflammatory load and surgery definitively treats irreversible tissue damage.

PMID 42452698
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PubMedSensors and actuators. B, Chemical2026-07-15

Rapid and accessible tumor necrosis factor alpha detection using digital nanoparticle sensors towards point-of-care cytokine monitoring.

Mohammadi Maziyar Kalateh MK, Altarfa Mohammad M, Mirjalili Seyedsina S, Ikbal Md Ashif MA et al.

Cytokine monitoring is essential for understanding immune response and evaluating therapeutic outcomes in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Here, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) is employed as an exemplary cytokine marker to demonstrate a nanoparticle-supported, rapid, electronic detection (NasRED) assay as an one-pot, in-solution sensing platform for cytokine quantification and therapeutic monitoring. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) functionalized with TNF Receptor-2 (TNFR2) are designed to react with TNF-α in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), human pooled serum (HPS), whole blood (WB), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and synovial fluid, producing accelerated AuNP precipitation for signal transduction and digitization. The NasRED TNF-α assay demonstrates high sensitivity (1.2 fM), a broad dynamic range of seven orders of magnitude, and a short assay time (~20 min). Importantly, the platform enables analysis of the competitive interactions among TNFR2, TNF-α, and the therapeutic antibody Adalimumab, enabling rapid and multiparametric cytokine assessment. Furthermore, the NasRED assay is explored for detecting TNF-α in the presence of both Adalimumab and anti-drug antibody (ADA), modeling drug resistance scenarios during long-term therapy. This proof of principle study establishes a rapid, digital, and in-solution assay framework for cytokine and therapeutic monitoring in various biofluids and complex competitive environments, paving the way for improved understanding and management of inflammatory, autoimmune, oncological, and neurodegenerative diseases.

PMID 42453679
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PubMedWiener klinische Wochenschrift2026-07-14

Pulmonary tularemia leading to a relapse of tularemia orchitis in a patient on TNF-alpha inhibitor.

Westhofen Robert R, Heger Florian F, Pryalukhin Alexey A, Scherzer Thomas-Matthias TM et al.

Tularemia represents a zoonotic infection that poses particular diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in immunocompromised patients. We present a rare case of tularemia orchitis in a patient receiving tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) inhibitor treatment. We conducted a case analysis of a 71-year-old farmer receiving adalimumab for psoriatic arthritis who developed sequential pulmonary and genitourinary manifestations of tularemia. Clinical presentation, laboratory findings, microbiological identification through culture and polymerase chain reaction testing, imaging studies, and histopathological examination were documented. Treatment response and clinical follow-up were monitored throughout the disease course. The patient initially presented with pneumonic tularemia confirmed by positive blood cultures. Following apparent clinical resolution with doxycycline therapy, he developed orchitis 3 months later requiring unilateral orchiectomy. Polymerase chain reaction testing confirmed Francisella tularensis as the causative pathogen in testicular tissue. Histological examination revealed dense inflammatory infiltration with histiocytes, neutrophils, and T‑lymphocytes. Combination therapy with doxycycline and ciprofloxacin achieved clinical remission, although fluoroquinolone-induced peripheral neuropathy necessitated treatment modification. Patients receiving tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitors demonstrate increased susceptibility to tularemia manifestations and potential disease relapse. The blood-testis barrier may limit antibiotic penetration, contributing to treatment failure with monotherapy. Enhanced clinical awareness and consideration of combination antimicrobial therapy may be warranted in immunocompromised patients with tularemia, particularly those residing in endemic regions.

PMID 42443557
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