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glycopyrronium bromide (Sialanar)

✓ Approved

Proveca · Small Molecule · Small Molecule

What is glycopyrronium bromide?

glycopyrronium bromide is a small molecule developed by Proveca. It is approved for therapeutic indications via oral (po).

Drug Profile

Brand NamesSialanar
CompanyProveca
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
RouteOral (PO)
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Proveca

Therapeutic Indications

glycopyrronium bromide is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Gastrointestinal disordersSalivary hypersecretion✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedPhysical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP2026-07-17

CO2 solvation regimes in deep eutectic solvents revealed by internal-pressure profile.

Ainai Yuto Y, Yokoyama Chiaki C, Smith Richard Lee RL, Kodama Daisuke D

The thermodynamic internal pressure quantifies the balance of molecular-scale attractions and repulsive volume-exclusion effects, providing a basis for interpreting CO2 solvation in deep eutectic solvents (DESs). By precisely correlating high-pressure pvTx data for representative type III ethylene glycol-based DESs (choline chloride, tetrabutylammonium bromide, tetrabutylphosphonium bromide) under CO2-saturated conditions with a Hybrid-Tait equation, the resulting internal-pressure profiles allow identification of three thermodynamic response regimes: (i) progressive occupation of high-affinity CO2 interaction environments, (ii) growth of CO2-enriched regions associated with available free volume, and (iii) transition from supercritical gas-like to liquid-like behavior near the Widom-line pressure of pure CO2. Unlike typical liquid solutions, CO2-DES systems show a secondary rise in internal pressure at elevated CO2 loadings, consistent with coupling between a non-volatile associative phase and an increasingly liquid-like supercritical phase. Internal-pressure profiles offer a quantitative framework for relating CO2 solvation behavior, cohesive energy density, and thermodynamic response in DESs, with broader relevance to non-volatile associative liquid systems.

PMID 42466861
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PubMedPediatric pulmonology2026-07-17

Bronchodilator Responsiveness in Preterm-Born Children With Chronic Lung Disease: Importance of Individualized Testing.

Ophir Yotam Y, Tukova Jana J

Children born preterm with chronic lung disease of Immaturity (CLDI) frequently present with obstructive lung function, yet optimal bronchodilator therapy remains uncertain. Previous studies focused on β2-agonists, while evidence for muscarinic antagonist therapy is limited. We conducted a prospectively planned cross-sectional study of preterm-born children (< 35 weeks) with CLDI and obstructive spirometry (FEV1 z-score < -1.64). Of 73 screened, 64 were enrolled, and 55 completed the protocol. Each attended three randomized crossover visits with salbutamol, ipratropium bromide, or fenoterol/ipratropium combination. Spirometry was performed before and after administration. Overall, 48 children demonstrated bronchodilator responsiveness to at least one agent. Response rates were 56.4% for salbutamol (95% CI 43-70), 58.2% for ipratropium (95% CI 45-71), and 65.5% for the combination (95% CI 53-78), with no significant differences (McNemar's test, p = 0.45). Exclusive responses were observed in 9.1% to salbutamol (95% CI 3.0-20.0), 5.5% to ipratropium (95% CI 1.1-15.1), and 9.1% to the combination (95% CI 3.0-20.0). Among children with reversibility, repeated-measures ANOVA showed no significant difference in the effect of drugs (F = 0.1, p = 0.9), phenotype (F = 2.46, p = 0.12), or their interaction (F = 1.1, p = 0.34). In our cohort, 87% of preterm-born children with CLDI exhibit reversible bronchial obstruction, with a substantial subset responding exclusively to a single bronchodilator. Due to the fact that single-drug testing may underestimate reversibility, individualized bronchodilator testing should be incorporated into care, and its long-term implications merit further study.

PMID 42464428
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PubMedJournal of aerosol medicine and pulmonary drug delivery2026-07-16

Toward Next-Generation Propellants: Assessing Lung Deposition of Beclometasone Dipropionate, Formoterol, and Glycopyrrolate Formulated with HFA-152a Using Functional Respiratory Imaging.

Matturro Angelo A, Monshi Tousi Navid N, Sadafi Hosein H, Cuoghi Erika E et al.

Pressurized metered-dose inhalers (pMDIs) rely on hydrofluoroalkane (HFA) propellants that have a high global warming potential (GWP). Reformulation with next-generation, low-GWP propellants, such as HFA-152a, offers a strategy to reduce climate impact; however, changes in propellant composition can affect aerosol characteristics and potentially alter lung deposition, requiring robust demonstration of therapeutic equivalence. Functional respiratory imaging, combining high-resolution computed tomography and computational fluid dynamics, was used to compare the lung deposition of a fixed triple combination of beclometasone dipropionate, formoterol fumarate, and glycopyrronium bromide (BDP/FF/GB) delivered via a pMDI formulated with either HFA-134a (Reference) or HFA-152a (Test). Ten patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (GOLD stages 2-4) were retrospectively selected. Patient-specific airway geometries, a standardized inhalation profile, and formulation-specific particle size distributions and plume characteristics were applied. Deposition was quantified in the intrathoracic, central + distal, and peripheral lung regions, and the (central + distal)/peripheral ([C + D]/P) deposition ratio was evaluated. Mean intrathoracic deposition was comparable between the Reference and Test formulations, ranging from 45.95% to 46.88% of the delivered dose (DD). Deposition in the central + distal airways accounted for 12% of DD for both formulations, whereas peripheral deposition predominated, with 33.7% of DD for the Test formulation and 34.5% of DD for the Reference formulation. The (C + D)/P ratios were similar across all active components (0.35-0.37), indicating consistent preferential deposition in the peripheral/small airways. Although inter-patient variability was observed, intra-subject comparisons showed close agreement between propellants. Reformulation of the BDP/FF/GB pMDI with the low-GWP propellant HFA-152a preserved total and regional lung deposition characteristics relative to the current HFA-134a formulation. These findings support the maintenance of deposition performance while enabling a substantial reduction in environmental impact, reinforcing the potential of HFA-152a as a next-generation propellant for carbon minimal pMDI therapies.

PMID 42461266
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PubMedMolecular biology reports2026-07-16

Agomelatine versus gefitinib against HepG2 cells: Modulating PI3K/AKT and MAPK/RAF1/c-FOS pathways.

Abd El Kareem Heba M HM, Saadawy Sara F SF, ELdaly Mai M MM, Al-Saraireh Yousef Y et al.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the predominant form of cancer globally, characterized by a dismal prognosis and few treatment options. Agomelatine (AGO) acts as a melatonin receptor agonist and a 5-HT2C receptor antagonist, suggesting its potential anticancer efficacy across diverse cancer types. This study aims to assess the effects of AGO and gefitinib (GEF) on apoptosis, cell cycle, and caspase expression, and to examine their implications for the PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK pathways. The concentrations of AGO and GEF were altered in the cells. MTT tests (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) were used. A flow cytometry experiment was conducted after a single dose of AGO and GEF. The RT-qPCR test was used to assess the expression levels of caspases 8 and 9, as well as the PI3K/AKT and MAPK/RAF/c-FOS genes. AGO and GEF increased caspase expression, reduced cell viability, and induced apoptosis while inhibiting the expression of PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK genes. Our results demonstrated that both AGO and GEF impeded HCC progression by enhancing apoptosis and caspase expression while modulating the PI3K/AKT and MAPK/RAF/c-FOS signaling pathways, suggesting that AGO and GEF may serve as effective therapeutic options for HCC, with gefitinib exhibiting greater potential as an anticancer agent.

PMID 42461339
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PubMedColloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces2026-07-16

Liquid crystal biosensing platform based on whispering gallery mode laser for Aβ42 detection.

An Peiyao P, Li Mengxiao M, Zhang Shanshan S, Lian Di D et al.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible and progressively worsening neurodegenerative disorder. Amyloid beta (Aβ42) plays a crucial role in the early diagnosis of this disease. However, the concentration of Aβ42 in the blood is extremely low, which poses a challenge for Aβ42 detection. Herein, a liquid crystal (LC) biosensing platform based on whispering gallery mode (WGM) laser was developed for rapid and real-time monitoring of the AD-related biomarker Aβ42. The LC microcavities were functionally modified using cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and RNA aptamers. Based on this, the quantitative monitoring mechanism of Aβ42 was analyzed, stemming from the interaction between the negatively charged RNA aptamer and CTAB, leading to the reorientation of LC molecules. This alters the refractive index distribution within the microcavity, thereby enabling the shift of the WGM spectrum. The dynamic changes of molecular orientation in the LC microcavity were monitored by polarization optical microscopy and spectral analysis. The experimental results showed that the total shifts in the resonance spectrum were directly proportional to the concentration of Aβ42 within the range of 0-1000 pg/mL. The sensitivity of the sensor is 0.003 nm/pg/mL. The experiment further confirmed the practicability of this sensor in the mouse serum. The sensor is inexpensive, easy to manufacture and fast and it is potentially useful for AD-related biomarker screening after further validation.

PMID 42456344
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PubMedArchives of microbiology2026-07-16

Enhanced antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity of PEGylated niosomes co-loaded with nisin and ZnO nanoparticles against VRSA and ceftazidime-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Gandomi Sara S, Ashrafi Fatemeh F, Heidari Pedram P, Namvar Zahra Z

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and biofilm-associated infections caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens, particularly vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ceftazidime-resistant), pose serious healthcare challenges. This study aimed to develop PEGylated niosomes co-loaded with nisin (Nis) and biosynthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (Nio-Nis/ZnO@PEG) to enhance antibacterial and anti-biofilm efficacy. The formulation was prepared using thin-film hydration followed by PEGylation and characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Nio-Nis/ZnO@PEG exhibited high encapsulation efficiency, sustained-release kinetics, and good physicochemical stability. Antibacterial activity and anti-biofilm effects were evaluated using standard microbiological assays. The PEGylated formulation showed significantly lower minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)/minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values, larger inhibition zones, and sustained bactericidal activity against VRSA and ceftazidime-resistant P. aeruginosa compared to free agents or non-PEGylated niosomes (P < 0.001). Anti-biofilm assays demonstrated > 80% biomass reduction and the lowest minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) values across clinical and reference strains. The quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) revealed marked downregulation of all target genes. Cytotoxicity assays using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2 H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay confirmed minimal adverse effects on mammalian cells. Overall, PEGylated niosomal co-delivery of Nis and ZnO nanoparticles provides a potent, broad-spectrum, and biocompatible strategy to combat multidrug-resistant bacteria and disrupt biofilms, supporting its potential for further in vivo evaluation.

PMID 42461404
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