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naloxone HCl (REZENOPY)

✓ Approved

Scienture Inc. · OPRM1

What is naloxone HCl?

naloxone HCl is a therapeutic agent developed by Scienture Inc.. It is approved for therapeutic indications via inhaled.

Drug Profile

Brand NamesREZENOPY
CompanyScienture Inc.
Molecular TargetOPRM1
RouteInhaled
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Scienture Inc.

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

naloxone HCl acts on 1 molecular target:

OPRM1opioid receptor mu 1 (MOR1, LMOR)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

naloxone HCl is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Injury, poisoning and procedural complicationsToxicity to various agents✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedJAMA network open2026-07-17

Availability of Naloxone in Retail Pharmacies Following Introduction of Over-the-Counter Status.

Eldridge Lori Ann LA, Kline David D, Fields Kayleigh K, Lewis Briana B et al.

Expanding access to naloxone is an essential strategy in addressing the overdose crisis in the US. In March 2023, the US Food and Drug Administration approved the first over-the-counter (OTC) naloxone nasal spray, representing a substantial shift in public health policy and pharmacy practice. To assess the same-day availability of naloxone without a prescription across US retail pharmacies and examine pharmacy and neighborhood factors associated with access following OTC approval. This cross-sectional study used a secret shopper design to assess availability of naloxone in retail pharmacies in the US from January 15 to April 30, 2024. Participants included a stratified random sample of 1108 pharmacies from the 7 largest corporate pharmacy chains and an eighth stratum incorporating other retail pharmacies. Pharmacy characteristics (chain size, type, and affiliation) and neighborhood sociodemographic indicators (racial and ethnic composition and area deprivation index). Same-day naloxone availability without a prescription, location of naloxone within the store, price, and alternative access suggestions. Among the 1108 pharmacies contacted, an estimated 61.40% (95% CI, 57.34%-65.46%) of those with naloxone in stock reported it was available without a prescription. Naloxone was located at the pharmacy counter (estimate, 58.14% [95% CI, 53.59%-62.68%]), self-service aisles (estimate, 31.74% [95% CI, 27.59%-35.89%]), and front checkout areas (estimate, 8.99% [95% CI, 6.64%-11.34%]). The mean (SE) cost was $52.07 ($1.50) (95% CI, $49.12-$55.02). Among pharmacies without same-day naloxone (estimate, 38.60% [95% CI, 34.54%-42.66%]), respondents equally referred callers to another pharmacy or had no suggestions (estimate, 45.84% [95% CI, 37.77%-53.91%]), 4.46% (95% CI, 0.70%-8.21%) offered other suggestions (hospital, public service agencies, online service, or cannabis dispensary), 3.87% (95% CI, 0.48%-7.25%) suggested the public health department, and 0.06% (95% CI, 0.00%-0.17%) suggested syringe service programs. Pharmacies classified as food and/or mass merchandisers, independent, or medical affiliated had a lower odds ratio of offering same-day naloxone compared with corporate chains. In separate analyses, pharmacies located in areas with higher proportions of White residents were more likely to offer naloxone. Area deprivation index-defined neighborhood disadvantage, which does not include race in its calculation, was not associated with naloxone availability. In this cross-sectional study of pharmacies across the US, same-day naloxone availability and price remained uneven following OTC approval. As an initial national evaluation of same-day naloxone availability and price after OTC approval, the findings showed differences in implementation across pharmacy types and community demographic features. Although enactment of the OTC policy was necessary, its intended benefits were not realized equally in practice. Expanding pharmacist education and targeting support for independent and medical-affiliated pharmacies may help improve naloxone access, especially in rural and underserved areas.

PMID 42467434
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PubMedScience and technology of advanced materials2026-07-17

HCl-based halide vapor phase epitaxy and selective-area HCl gas etching of (-112) β-Ga2O3.

Oshima Takayoshi T, Oshima Yuichi Y

We propose (-112) and crystallographically equivalent (1-1-2), (-1-12), and (11-2) planes as the fundamental crystal orientations for β-Ga2O3studies. These planes correspond to the {100} planes of the slightly distorted face-centered-cubic oxygen sublattice in β-Ga2O3and therefore represent one of the primary crystallographic planes. On this basis, we have demonstrated both homoepitaxial growth and HCl gas etching on (-112) β-Ga2O3substrates using an HCl-based halide vapor phase epitaxy system in order to clarify both the growth and etching characteristics on the (-112) plane. In homoepitaxy, the epilayer exhibited single crystallinity with tilt and twist dispersions comparable to those of the substrate and a step-and-terrace surface morphology with a root-mean-square roughness of 0.10-0.12 nm. Although slit-like pits whose sidewalls were vertically aligned (100) facets appeared on the surface, these pits were attributed to unintentional SiO2 nanomasks at the interface and are expected to be eliminated by improving pre-growth surface treatments or the initial growth process. Furthermore, the concentration of Cl impurities in the epilayer was as low as 1 × 1015 cm-3, which was significantly lower than 2 × 1016 cm-3 observed in the simultaneously grown (001)-oriented homoepitaxial layer. For HCl gas etching, selective-area etching was performed using a SiO2 mask with patterned windows. The etched structures clearly reflected the intrinsic crystal anisotropy. Side etching was minimized when the windows were aligned along the [02-1] direction due to the formation of exceptionally flat and vertical (100) facets, which possess the lowest surface energy density. Additionally, the vertical etch rate for the (-112) plane was approximately 50 times higher than the side etch rate for the (100) plane, enabling precise fabrication of high-aspect-ratio fins and trenches. These results-particularly the excellent surface smoothness achieved in homoepitaxy and the high-aspect-ratio patterning enabled by HCl-gas etching-demonstrate that the {-112} orientations are promising candidates for β-Ga2O3 studies.

PMID 42466155
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PubMedSubstance use & misuse2026-07-17

Assessing the Acceptability of a Wearable Versus Implantable Device for Overdose Detection and Naloxone Administration: Perspectives from Individuals in the Addiction Workforce and Individuals with a History of Opioid Use.

Dir Allyson L AL, Batch Brielle L BL, Le Vy V, Lee Hyowon H

Use of medical devices for overdose detection and intervention are important for reducing overdose deaths; however, uptake and adoption has been slow. This study explores acceptability of a preclinical wearable versus implantable device, that detects overdose-induced respiratory failure and administers naloxone, among people who use opioids (PWUO) and individuals in the addiction treatment workforce. Survey data were collected with n = 60 PWUO (73.3% female; 91.7% White; 49.2% used opioids in past 3 months) and n = 126 individuals in the addiction workforce (81% female; 81% White; 13.5% prescribers). Acceptability was significantly higher for a wearable than implantable device among both PWUO (t[59] = 3.22, p = 0.001) and workforce participants (t[125] = 7.78, p < 0.001). Among PWUO, those with history of overdose, use of medications for opioid use disorder, and intravenous opioid use rated the device as more acceptable (p's < 0.05). In regression analysis, workforce participants' device acceptability was associated with less stigmatizing views of harm reduction (b = -0.34, p = 0.01); neither demographics nor workplace characteristics were significantly associated (p's > 0.05). Results suggest acceptability of a device for overdose detection and naloxone administration among PWUO and the addiction workforce, with more acceptability for a wearable versus implantable device. Individual differences should be considered in further testing and dissemination of such devices.

PMID 42464533
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PubMedbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology2026-07-17

Voluntary oral fentanyl intake produces dose- and sex-dependent physical dependence in mice without overt affective disturbances.

Allichon Marie-Charlotte MC, Boehm Samuel F SF, Jordan Nilah D ND, Nelson Lars H LH et al.

The ongoing opioid epidemic underscores the need for scalable and translational preclinical models of voluntary opioid intake and dependence. We therefore sought to establish and validate a voluntary two-bottle choice drinking-in-the-dark (DID) model of oral opioid intake in mice and to determine relationships between experimental parameters and behaviors during and after withdrawal. Male and female C57BL/6J mice were given daily access to two bottles during the dark phase for 24 drinking sessions over 5 weeks. Control mice received two bottles containing water. Experimental mice received one water bottle and one bottle containing oxycodone (0.1-1 mg/mL) or fentanyl (10-100 µg/mL) under varying session durations and concentrations. On the final day, physical dependence was assessed using naloxone-precipitated withdrawal and then a behavioral battery to assess negative affect was performed in the following week. Mice voluntarily consumed both oxycodone and fentanyl without taste adulteration and maintained drug preference across most concentrations. Oxycodone intake produced minimal withdrawal symptoms. In contrast, fentanyl intake resulted in naloxone-precipitated withdrawal that was modulated by session duration and concentration. Four-hour sessions produced stronger withdrawal than two-hour sessions at equivalent concentrations. Escalating high-concentration fentanyl exposure revealed emerging sex differences, with females exhibiting greater intake and withdrawal at higher concentrations. Affective behavioral assays following withdrawal revealed minimal persistent alterations in any cohort. These findings establish key parameters for a scalable voluntary fentanyl model that produces dose- and session-dependent physical dependence in male and female mice. This paradigm provides a cost-effective and straightforward platform for future investigations of opioid use and dependence.

PMID 42465507
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PubMedLangmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids2026-07-17

Conversion of Waste Red Mud into LTA Zeolite Adsorbent for Highly Selective Cs+/Sr2+ Removal: Governing Effects of Inorganic Acid Type and Hydrothermal Temperature on Zeolite Phase Evolution.

Yoon Sunho S, Choi Minhee M, Bae Sungjun S

Sustainable utilization of industrial solid waste and the recovery of value-added resources are critical challenges in environmental engineering. Red mud, a major byproduct of the Bayer process, contains abundant silicon and aluminum species and is a promising precursor for zeolite synthesis. In this study, LTA-type zeolites were synthesized without additional Si/Al sources using red mud acid-leaching solutions prepared with various inorganic acids. Optimal synthesis conditions for LTA-type zeolite were identified by adjusting NaOH concentration and hydrothermal conditions, and the effects of coexisting anions on LTA phase transformation and the resulting Cs+ and Sr2+ adsorption performance were evaluated. At low NaOH concentrations, nonzeolitic phases were observed, whereas 3-4 N NaOH provided suitable conditions for LTA crystallization. Hydrothermal temperature also significantly influenced phase selection, with pure LTA obtained at 60-90 °C, whereas higher temperatures promoted GIS-type frameworks. Under identical alkalinity and temperature conditions, LTA initially formed in all leachate systems, regardless of anion species. However, the transformation from metastable LTA to thermodynamically stable sodalite proceeded at markedly different rates depending on anion species, in the order HNO3 > H2SO4 > HCl. This phase transformation directly affected the adsorption of Cs+ and Sr2+. The HCl-derived system maintained the LTA phase for up to 24 h, and the resulting LTA phase exhibited maximum adsorption uptakes of 1.84 mmol g-1 for Cs+ and 1.58 mmol g-1 for Sr2+. In addition, the LTA phase demonstrated selective removal of Sr2+ and Cs+ in the presence of competing cations, following the selectivity sequence Sr2+ > Cs+ ≥ Ca2+ > K+ > Na+ > Mg2+. In contrast, accelerated sodalite formation in the HNO3-derived system led to a decrease in adsorption efficiency because of its lower cation exchange capacity. These results demonstrate that coexisting anions act as kinetic modifiers governing phase transformation behavior and functional performance.

PMID 42466820
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PubMedDiabetologia2026-07-17

Relationship between participant-reported outcomes, residual beta cell function and metabolic parameters in youth with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes.

Taylor Peter N PN, Cheung Wai-Yee WY, Lagorio Price Joe J, Boughton Charlotte C et al.

Clinical trials of interventions to preserve beta cell function in new-onset type 1 diabetes frequently employ participant-reported outcome measures (PROMs). However, the expected changes in PROMs scores immediately following diagnosis and their association with residual beta cell function, metabolic markers and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) are unclear. Repeated PROMs including Paediatric Quality of Life Inventory diabetes module (PedsQL) and hypoglycaemia fear survey (HFS) were recorded from participants aged 10-18 years with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes and their parents in two clinical trials: CLOuD (N=97, hybrid closed loop [HCL] vs multiple daily injections [MDI]) and USTEKID (N=72, ustekinumab immunotherapy vs placebo). Scores were compared with serial mixed meal-stimulated C-peptide levels (AUC C-peptide), HbA1c and CGM data. PedsQL and HFS scores for children/adolescents and their parents showed wide variation between individuals but did not change substantially within individuals over the first 48 months from diagnosis. Baseline scores were highly predictive of scores at 12-48 months (p<0.001). PedsQL scores were higher (better) in those reported by children/adolescents than by their parents (p<0.01). In contrast, HFS scores were higher in parents than children (p<0.001), indicating more fear. Strong correlations were observed between child and parent scores (p<0.001). No significant improvement in these scores was detected following intervention (ustekinumab or HCL). Meta-analysis revealed modest but statistically significant associations between HbA1c and PedsQL (β(std)=-0.11; 95% CI -0.20, -0.03) and HFS (β(std)=0.11; 95% CI 0.00, 0.21), and between CGM time in range and PedsQL (β(std)=0.14; 95% CI 0.03, 0.26) but not HFS (β(std)=-0.05; 95% CI -0.16, 0.06). Beta cell function (AUC C-peptide) was strongly associated with HbA1c (β(std)=-0.29; 95% CI -0.39, -0.20) and CGM time in range (β(std)=0.41; 95% CI 0.30, 0.52). Higher beta cell function showed a trend towards better PedsQL (β(std)=0.11; 95% CI -0.03, 0.25) and lower HFS (β(std)=-0.05; 95% CI -0.17, 0.07) but this did not reach statistical significance. PedsQL and HFS scores changed little during the first 48 months after diagnosis of type 1 diabetes. These scores showed modest but statistically significant associations with measures of glucose management (HbA1c and CGM time in range), whereas the relationships with residual beta cell function (C-peptide) were weaker and did not reach significance. The modest size of these effects suggests current PROMs capture only limited aspects of the clinical benefit associated with beta cell preservation. Future research should incorporate psychometric instruments that are specifically adapted for young people using modern diabetes technologies and undergoing disease-modifying therapy, to ensure outcomes are meaningfully represented in early-stage type 1 diabetes trials.

PMID 42467087
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