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sumatriptan (Alsuma autoinjector / sumatriptan, King / Alsuma)

✓ Approved

US WorldMeds, LLC · HTR1D · Small Molecule

What is sumatriptan?

sumatriptan is a small molecule developed by US WorldMeds, LLC. It is approved for therapeutic indications via injectable (others) or subcutaneous injection.

Drug Profile

Brand NamesAlsuma autoinjector, sumatriptan, King, Alsuma
CompanyUS WorldMeds, LLC
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
Molecular TargetHTR1D
RouteInjectable (Others), Subcutaneous Injection
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, US WorldMeds, LLC

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

sumatriptan acts on 1 molecular target:

HTR1D5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1D (HTR1DA, HT1DA)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

sumatriptan is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Nervous system disordersMigraine✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedRegenerative therapy2026-08-30

Advanced therapy medicinal products in Saudi Arabia: Regulation and development.

AlMuhanna Mohammed H MH, Alharbi Maha M, Aldahash Alya A, Felemban Rawabi R et al.

Advanced therapeutic medicinal products (ATMPs) such as gene, somatic cell, and tissue-engineered therapies have transformed modern healthcare by treating previously unmanageable genetic, oncologic, and degenerative diseases. Although regulatory and developmental frameworks for ATMPs are established in the United States, Europe, and China, limited data exist on their implementation in emerging markets such as Saudi Arabia. This review provides the first comprehensive analysis of ATMP regulation and development in Saudi Arabia while offering novel insights into the nation's evolving clinical trial landscape, regulatory infrastructure, and biomanufacturing capabilities. We conducted a narrative review of the Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA) guidelines, peer-reviewed literature, and clinical trial registrations from 2010 to 2025. As of 2025, the SFDA has approved eight ATMPs, including chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy (CAR-T) therapies, adeno-associated virus (AAV) based vectors, and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) based therapies, reflecting growing regulatory maturity and international alignment. Clinical trial activity continues to expand, with a concentration in oncology, hematology, and rare genetic diseases. National research institutions such as the King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC) and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMARC) have pioneered advances in CAR-T manufacturing, while biobanking initiatives are driving translational research. Despite ongoing challenges in workforce capacity, good manufacturing practice (GMP) infrastructure, and reimbursement mechanisms, Saudi Arabia is positioned to become a regional leader in advanced therapies through continued regulatory innovation, local manufacturing, and international collaboration.

PMID 42668627
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PubMedPakistan journal of medical sciences2026-08-30

975 nm Diode Laser-Mediated Dentin Surface Modification Enhances Bio-ceramic Sealer Retention: Comparative Study with Er: YAG Photoacoustic Irrigation.

Alanazi Amer M AM, Khan Azmat Ali AA

To evaluate different irrigation protocols, Photon-Induced Photoacoustic Streaming (PIPs) using Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and NaOCl with EDTA and diode laser (DL) compared to syringe irrigated (SI)-NaOCl+EDTA (control) on smear layer (SL) and dislocation resistance of Bioceramic (BC) sealers to canal dentin. This in vitro experimental study was approved by the institutional review board, King Saud University CDRC# FC-58-41-2026. The duration of the study was three months, January 1, 2026 - March 1, 2026. Seventy five central incisors were included. The prepared specimens were randomly divided into three experimental groups according to the disinfection protocol. Group-1: SI-NaOCl+EDTA (Control), Group-2: PIPS-NaOCl+EDTA, and Group-3: NaOCl+ EDTA+DL. On five specimens from each category, SL removal was assessed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Ten specimens from each category were obturated with premixed Endosequence BC sealer (EBCS), and another 10 were bonded with two-component BioRoot RCS (BRS). The Universal Testing Machine was used to assess dislocation resistance. The failure type was evaluated using a stereomicroscope. ANOVA with post hoc comparisons of SL elimination and dislocation resistance among the tested categories. Group-3 NaOCl+EDTA+DL specimens displayed the highest SL removal and maximum scores of dislocation resistance. Group-1 SI-NaOCl+EDTA-treated canals showed the lowest SL removal and the lowest dislocation resistance. DL as an adjunctive therapy after conventional syringe irrigation utilizing NaOCl and EDTA displayed the most satisfactory performance in terms of removing SL and improving the dislocation resistance of different bioceramic sealers.

PMID 42668780
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PubMedCureus2026-08-30

Assessing Length of Stay and Risk Factors Among Unplanned Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Admissions Following Surgery: A Retrospective Study.

Almutairi Abdullah A, Hazwani Tarek R TR, Mahmoud Ahmed Haroun M AHM, Alenizy Seham S

Introduction Unplanned pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admissions following surgery are associated with increased monitoring demands, resource utilization, and potential complications. While the Modified Pediatric Risk Prediction Score (PRPS) has been proposed to identify children at risk for ICU admission, its ability to predict postoperative pediatric (PICU) length of stay (LOS) remains uncertain. Methods This retrospective observational study included pediatric patients (>37 weeks gestational age to 14 years) with unplanned postoperative PICU admissions at King Abdullah Specialized Children's Hospital, Riyadh, from January 2019 to December 2023. Patients with cardiac surgery or pre-planned ICU beds were excluded. Demographic, perioperative, and clinical variables were analyzed. PRPS categories (low <10, intermediate 10-18) were compared using t-tests and chi-square tests to identify predictors of prolonged LOS (>12 days). Results A total of 102 patients were analyzed; 34 (33.3%) were infants (less than one year), and 58 (56.9%) were male. Neurosurgery 35 (34.3%), pediatric surgery 31 (30.4%), and otolaryngology (ENT) 26 (25.5%) were the most common specialties. No patients were classified as high-risk by PRPS. Mean LOS was 3.30 ± 6.56 days. PRPS category was not significantly associated with LOS (p = 0.44). Age (1-14 years), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) status (≥ 3), and need for organ support were significantly associated with longer LOS (p < 0.05). Conclusion The Modified PRPS did not predict PICU length of stay among unplanned postoperative admissions, suggesting limited utility for estimating resource use. Age, ASA class, and organ support requirements were the main determinants of prolonged LOS. Incorporating intra- and postoperative factors into perioperative risk models may enhance prediction accuracy and optimize PICU bed allocation.

PMID 42668723
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PubMedClinical & experimental optometry2026-08-30

Repeatability of near point of fixation disparity test.

Alhassan Mosaad M, Alrehaili Rathath R, Alnifai Lena L, Alrashed Muhamad M et al.

Vergence assessment is a fundamental component of binocular vision evaluation, enabling clinicians to detect and monitor conditions such as convergence insufficiency. Accurate and repeatable clinical tests are essential for reliable diagnosis and for tracking patient progress over time. The Near Point of Fixation Disparity (NPFD), associated positive fusional vergence (APFV) range, and associated negative fusional vergence (ANFV) range are polarised Nonius-based tests designed to evaluate vergence system integrity. However, their repeatability remains uninvestigated, limiting clinical utility. This study is the first to assess intraexaminer and interexaminer repeatability of these tests in symptomatic and asymptomatic participants. The NPFD test is commercially available from Vision Assessment Corporation, Rolling Meadows, IL, USA. This prospective, cross-sectional study enrolled 64 university students (32 symptomatic, 32 asymptomatic; aged 18-27 years) from King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Symptom status was classified using the Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey (CISS; score ≥21 = symptomatic). Two trained optometrists performed all measurements across two sessions separated by two weeks. Repeatability was assessed using mean difference, 95% confidence intervals, intraclass correlation coefficient, coefficient of repeatability, and Bland-Altman analysis. Intraexaminer repeatability of the NPFD test ranged from moderate to good with intraclass correlation coefficient 0.47-0.86, with the strongest agreement observed in asymptomatic participants. The APFV and ANFV ranges demonstrated poor intraexaminer repeatability, with limits of agreement frequently exceeding 10-15 prism dioptres. Interexaminer repeatability was poor across all three tests in both groups, with negative intraclass correlation coefficient values in several comparisons and limits of agreement exceeding 20 prism dioptres. Although the NPFD test can achieve acceptable intraexaminer repeatability, its interexaminer reliability remains poor, raising concerns about its use as a diagnostic tool across different examiners. Vergence assessments should be performed by the same examiner, and changes of less than 10-15 prism dioptres should be interpreted with caution. Standardisation of testing protocols is strongly recommended to improve the clinical applicability of these tests.

PMID 42669425
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PubMedBMC palliative care2026-08-30

Nursing students' attitudes toward caring for dying patients: a quantitative study.

Almutairi Khulud K, Alghamdi Reem Saeed RS, Albloushi Monirah M

End-of-life care is a fundamental component of nursing practice; however, many nursing students report insufficient preparation, emotional discomfort, and a lack of confidence when caring for dying patients. Cultural and religious factors may further influence students' attitudes toward death and dying, particularly in Saudi Arabia. Understanding these attitudes and their associated factors is essential to improving nursing education and preparing students for compassionate end-of-life care. This study examined attitudes toward caring for dying patients among final-year nursing students at King Saud University and explored the influence of gender, previous death-related experiences, and religious commitment on these attitudes, including religiosity's potential moderating role. This study used a quantitative cross-sectional design. A convenience sample of 318 final-year "Level 8" nursing students completed a self-administered questionnaire, including demographic variables, death-related experiences, a single-item scale measuring religiosity (religious commitment), and the Frommelt Attitudes Toward Care of the Dying Scale (FATCOD-B). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, Pearson's correlation, and hierarchical multiple regression. The students demonstrated neutral to moderately negative attitudes toward caring for dying patients (M = 25.45, SD = 5.95). Male students reported significantly more positive attitudes than female students (p < 0.001); gender accounted for 3.4% of the variance in attitudes (R² = 0.034). No significant associations were found between these attitudes and previous death-related experiences or palliative care education. Religious commitment was not a significant predictor of attitudes when added to the model (ΔR² = 0.003, p = 0.312), and its moderating effect on the relationship between gender and attitudes was not statistically significant (ΔR² = 0.011, p = 0.055); the full model explained 4.8% of the variance (R² = 0.048). However, the descriptive pattern suggested that gender differences decreased at higher levels of religious commitment. Final-year nursing students exhibited suboptimal attitudes toward end-of-life care, emphasizing the need for enhanced educational strategies. Nursing curricula should incorporate structured and culturally sensitive approaches to address emotional preparedness, communication skills, and reflective learning. Considering gender differences and the potential influence of religiosity may further support the development of effective interventions to improve students' readiness for end-of-life care.

PMID 42668374
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PubMedFrontiers in pediatrics2026-08-29

Characteristics of head injuries in children at King Abdullah Specialized Children's Hospital, Jeddah: a cross-sectional study.

Abed Sara S, Gutah Bashaer B, Nasraldin Fatma F, Gadi Ghaidaa G et al.

Head injuries in children are a leading cause of death and long-term disability worldwide. However, detailed data on the characteristics of pediatric head injuries across different regions of Saudi Arabia remain limited. In this study, conducted at King Abdullah Specialized Children's Hospital (KASCH) in Jeddah, we aimed to identify the distinctive patterns of head injuries in children. This retrospective cross-sectional study included 308 pediatric patients aged <14 years who presented to KASCH between 2016 and 2023. Patients were categorized into three age groups (<1, 1-6, and >6-14 years). Data on demographics, injury types and causes, clinical presentation, imaging modalities, disabilities, Pediatric Glasgow Coma Scale scores, ophthalmologic findings, and hematological profiles were extracted from the BESTCare system. Comparisons across age groups were performed for injury mechanisms, types, and clinical presentation, and associations between injury type and length of hospital stay were evaluated. Most patients were male (67.9%), with a mean age of 4.07 ± 3.9 years. Among patients aged <1 year, falls (76.3%), subgaleal hematoma (27.7%), and head swelling (43.5%) were the most common. In those aged 1-6 years, falls (63.8%), lacerations (74.7%), and bleeding (75%) predominated. In patients aged >6-14 years, motor vehicle accidents (42.7%), subgaleal hematoma (24.1%), and bleeding (22.8%) were the most frequent. Lacerations and concussions were associated with shorter hospital stays, whereas other injury types were associated with longer stays. Age-stratified differences in injury characteristics underscore the importance of age-specific approaches to prevention, diagnosis, and management of pediatric head injuries.

PMID 42666421
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