antithrombin III (Atenotiv / ATenativ / ATnativ)

Angiotensin II exacerbates intracerebral hemorrhage in mice via heparin-like antithrombin activation and coagulation dysfunction.

Wang Shaoying S, Xue Min M, Yan Musan M, Liu Chuanfeng C et al.

Hypertension has paradoxical prothrombotic-hemorrhagic predisposition toward cerebral infarction and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), but the mechanism remains poorly understood. We observed Angiotensin II (Ang II) inhibited coagulation by activating antithrombin through heparin-like acceleration of antithrombin-thrombin interaction. Ang II allosterically modulates the 386-397 loop of antithrombin to enhance thrombin inhibition. In vivo, single injection of Ang II inhibited coagulation, alleviating thrombosis and aggravating ICH. Conversely, anti-Ang II monoclonal antibody promoted coagulation, aggravating thrombus formation and alleviating ICH. Notably, the blockage or deficiency of Ang II receptor had no significant effect on the alleviated thrombus formation or aggravated hemorrhage elicited by Ang II, suggesting the phenotypes were independent of Ang II receptor. In hypertensive mice, anti-Ang II monoclonal antibody significantly promoted coagulation and ameliorated ICH. These results identify Ang II as a key coagulation regulator with heparin-like function, suggesting that targeting Ang II-coagulation pathway could be a novel strategy to mitigate cerebral bleeding.

Amplification of circularly polarised luminescence through the self-assembly of chiral tri-europium(III) clusters in a polar crystal.

Niemiec Marta M, Hoffman Aleksander A, Zakrzewski Jakub J JJ, Kagawa Fumitaka F et al.

Chiral {EuIII3} coordination clusters based on bridging enantiopure 1,1'-binaphthyl-2,2'-diyl phosphato and chlorido ligands are reported. They form polar crystals that exhibit circularly polarised luminescence with a |glum| factor of up to 0.091 at 593 nm, revealing ca. 5-fold enhancement of this chiro-optical effect in comparison to the unassembled Eu(III) complexes in solution.

Is Scandinavia ready for Aquablation? Reflections on the WATER III Trial.

Juliebø-Jones Patrick P, Harneshaug Jill-Randi JR, Baug Stephen S

Genetically Engineered Whole Virus Biorecognition Units for Cu(II) Sensing.

Korkmaz Nuriye N, Kim Jihoon J

A hybrid filamentous fd virus variant (p9V5-p8Cu5) was generated with improved gold (Au) and copper (Cu) binding properties through genetic engineering by displaying five copies of Au-specific V5 peptides (VSGSSPDS) on the head and over 2500 copies of Cu binding Cu5 peptides (HGFANVA) on the elongated body part. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) topography imaging revealed the typical filamentous morphology of the engineered p9V5-p8Cu5 phages with a dry-state thickness of around 2-3 nm. Gold nanoparticle (AuNP) binding of the viruses was investigated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analyses upon exposure to 20 nm PBS-stabilized AuNPs. The hybrid phages were excessively loaded with AuNPs. Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses showed Au, carbon (C), and nitrogen (N) peaks, confirming the presence of AuNPs and the viral organic material. Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) analyses, performed using Au-coated quartz crystal sensors, gave a net frequency decrease of 250.20 ± 14.37 Hz for the engineered bacteriophages versus 31.40 ± 4.47 Hz for wild-type fd at the 3rd overtone showing their improved Au binding. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) analyses conducted with Cu(II)-coated magnetic agarose-based NTA beads revealed the enhanced Cu(II) binding of the hybrid viruses. A colorimetric Cu(II) detection system was validated using 20 nm PBS-stabilized AuNPs and p9V5-p8Cu5 phages. Following the Cu(II) exposure, the AuNP-virus complex solution was treated with 10x PBS to induce AuNP aggregation. The level of AuNP aggregation was correlated with the applied Cu(II) concentration. For the case study, a linear relationship (R2 = 0.9926) was obtained as the absorbance ratios at 600 nm and 525 nm (Abs 600/Abs 525) were plotted against the applied Cu(II) concentration from 0 to 15 µM, with an estimated limit of detection (LOD) of around 260 nM (0.0165 mg/L), well below the WHO drinking-water guideline of 1.3 mg/L. No significant interference was observed from Ag(I), Al(III), Au(III), Cd(II), Co(II), Cr(III), Fe(III), Mn(II), Ni(II), Pb(II), Zn(II), Na(I), Ca(II), or Mg(II) at 5 µM. In mixed samples containing Cu(II) together with each competing ion, the response was likewise unaffected, with the exception of Pb(II), which partially suppressed the Cu(II) signal. This study demonstrates the potential of genetically reprogrammed biomaterials as biorecognition units, offering a biocompatible, easily produced, and cost-effective alternative to synthetic peptides in biosensor development.