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sildenafil (Liqrev)

✓ Approved

CMP Pharma, Inc. · PDE5A · Small Molecule

What is sildenafil?

sildenafil is a small molecule developed by CMP Pharma, Inc.. It is approved for therapeutic indications via oral (po).

Drug Profile

Brand NamesLiqrev
CompanyCMP Pharma, Inc.
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
Molecular TargetPDE5A
RouteOral (PO)
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, CMP Pharma, Inc.

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

sildenafil acts on 1 molecular target:

PDE5Aphosphodiesterase 5A (PDE5, CGB-PDE)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

sildenafil is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disordersPulmonary hypertension✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedRevista espanola de medicina nuclear e imagen molecular2026-08-30

Duration of levothyroxine discontinuation and pre-radioiodine TSH levels in thyroid cancer.

Mintegui G G, Martínez Z Z, Basantes M M, Ferrando R R

Radioiodine treatment in differentiated thyroid carcinoma requires elevated TSH levels to optimize the uptake of [131I]NaI. Levothyroxine suspension is the usual strategy for inducing endogenous TSH elevation, although the optimal duration of this suspension remains controversial. To evaluate the effect of the duration of levothyroxine suspension on TSH levels achieved prior to radioiodine treatment. Retrospective cohort study that included 104 patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma treated at a reference university center. Patients were classified according to the time of discontinuation of levothyroxine prior to radioiodine treatment: three weeks (group A, n = 21) and four weeks (group B, n = 83). TSH levels between groups and their distribution by categories (<30, 30-49, 50-69, 70-99 y ≥100 mIU/L) were analyzed. The proportion of patients who reached the recommended TSH threshold (≥30 mIU/L) was also evaluated. The mean age (SD) was 46.7 (10.3) years and 87 patients were women. The mean TSH was 70.9 mIU/L (95% CI: 54.5-87.2) in group A and 88.7 mIU/L (95% CI: 84.8-92.6) in group B. The proportion of patients who achieved TSH ≥ 30 mIU/L was significantly higher in group B (100% vs 76.2%; p < 0.001). The distribution of TSH levels by category differed significantly between both groups (p < 0.001). On the other hand, the proportion of patients with TSH ≥ 100 mIU/L did not show significant differences (60.2% vs 47.6%; p = 0.42). In multivariate analysis adjusted for age, sex, and radioiodine dose, levothyroxine discontinuation time was not independently associated with the likelihood of TSH ≥ 100 mIU/L. Three weeks of levothyroxine suspension allowed TSH levels ≥30 mIU/L to be reached in most patients, although a proportion did not reach the recommended threshold. Four weeks were associated with adequate TSH elevation in all patients in this cohort. TSH monitoring during preparation could allow for more individualized strategies that optimize thyroid stimulation, minimizing unnecessary exposure to hypothyroidism.

PMID 42669345
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PubMedVeterinary and animal science2026-08-30

Potential of inclusion bodies for disease control in aquaculture and livestock.

López Daniela Valentina DV, Gallardo-Matus José J, Torrealba Débora D

Inclusion bodies are insoluble nanostructured recombinant proteins that have emerged as innovative biomaterials for disease control in animal production. This systematic literature review aimed to explore the use of inclusion bodies for disease control in aquaculture and livestock. We conducted a literature search in four databases: PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect and Scopus. Of the 3139 research articles retrieved, only 16 met our eligibility criteria: 6 for aquaculture, including studies in rainbow trout, senegalese sole, and zebrafish, and 10 for livestock, including studies in cattle, sheep, swine, and mouse models. The proteins produced in these studies were mainly host immune system proteins and pathogen antigenic proteins. The diseases or pathogens potentially controlled by inclusion bodies in aquaculture were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Mycobacterium marinum, Spring viremia of carp virus and Viral nervous necrosis virus. Conversely, the diseases or pathogens evaluated to be controlled by inclusion bodies in livestock were mastitis, Fasciola hepatica, Lawsonia intracellularis, and Vibrio sp. The administration strategies varied greatly, including intra-mammary gland infusion, nasal suspension, gastric injection, esophageal intubation, intramuscular injection, and oral administration. Regardless of administration route, these biomaterials consistently activated immune responses through two mechanisms: modulation of the host immune system via immunostimulatory proteins, and activation of adaptive immunity via antigenic proteins. Although promising, widespread adoption remains limited by technological challenges including purification standardization, batch variability, and lack of studies in commercially relevant species. These findings establish a robust evidence base to inform the development of IB-based interventions in animal health and guide future research directions.

PMID 42668734
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PubMedJournal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England)2026-08-30

A randomized crossover trial comparing the acute physiological and psychological effects of botanical formulations of oral psilocybin, oral psilocin, and sublingual psilocin.

Tai Marlene L ML, Szigeti Balázs B, Downey Amanda E AE, Aday Jacob S JS et al.

Psilocybin, a serotonergic psychedelic found in hallucinogenic mushrooms, is metabolized to psilocin, the compound responsible for its psychoactive effects. Psilocybin has demonstrated therapeutic potential for neuropsychiatric conditions. While recent trials have primarily used orally administered synthetic psilocybin, alternative formulations and delivery methods may offer therapeutic advantages, yet the effects of these approaches remain poorly characterized. To compare the pharmacodynamic profiles and tolerability of oral psilocybin, oral psilocin, and sublingual psilocin derived from whole-mushroom extracts in healthy adults. In this randomized, within-subject, crossover trial, 20 healthy adults (10 men, 10 women; mean age 40.1 ± 5.9 years) completed up to four drug administration sessions involving botanical oral psilocybin (25 mg), oral psilocin (17.5 mg), or sublingual psilocin (2.18, 4.36, or 8 mg). All sessions included therapeutic support and pre- and post-dose psychotherapy. Acute effects were assessed using vital signs and subjective ratings of drug intensity and psychedelic experience. Oral psilocin produced a similar temporal and subjective profile to oral psilocybin, with a lower burden of adverse effects. Sublingual psilocin was well tolerated, though the apparently lower achieved drug exposure limited comparability to oral administration. Oral psilocin may offer tolerability advantages over oral psilocybin. Sublingual psilocin was well tolerated at the dosages tested. Further studies are needed to evaluate botanical formulations and optimize delivery approaches.Clinical trial registration: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05317689.

PMID 42668404
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PubMedBMC oral health2026-08-30

Oral health status and associated influencing factors in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a case-control study.

Dong Rui R, Wu Han H, Jin Feifei F, Yang Qiqi Q et al.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the second most prevalent chronic pediatric condition worldwide. Its core ADHD symptoms-inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity-impair oral hygiene behaviors, and first-line medications such as methylphenidate may further increase oral disease risk. However, systematic epidemiological data on oral health status of children with ADHD remain limited in China. This study aimed to investigate oral health status of children with ADHD and identify factors associated with adverse oral health outcomes in this population. This case-control study included 130 children with ADHD and 143 age-matched healthy controls (6-12 years old) recruited from Dezhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Shandong Province, China, between July and December 2025. Oral examinations assessed dental caries (using the DMFT index for permanent teeth and dmft index for primary teeth, collectively reflecting the mixed-dentition caries burden), caries activity (Cariostat), periodontal status (Plaque Index [PI], Modified Gingival Index [MGI]), malocclusion, and dental trauma. Parent-reported questionnaires collected data on oral health behaviors, socioeconomic characteristics, and medication use. Between-group differences were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square test, and Fisher exact test. Multivariate logistic regression with backward likelihood ratio selection was used to examine factors associated with adverse oral outcomes after adjusting for confounders. The English versions of the questionnaires are provided in Supplementary Files 1 and 2. The ADHD group had significantly higher overall dental caries prevalence (80.77% vs. 52.45%, P < 0.001), higher median DMFT+dmft scores (3 vs. 1, P < 0.001), higher plaque index (PI) scores (2 vs. 1, P < 0.001), higher modified gingival index (MGI) scores (2 vs. 1, P < 0.001), and higher Cariostat values (P < 0.0001) than the control group. In contrast, the fissure sealant rate was significantly lower in the ADHD group (6.15% vs. 47.29%, P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that methylphenidate use (adjusted odds ratios [aOR] = 39.65, 95% CI: 15.79-271, P < 0.001) and frequent candy consumption (aOR = 84.54, 95% CI: 12.2-584, P < 0.001) were associated with higher odds of dental caries in the adjusted model. In contrast, a higher parental education level (college degree or above) was associated with lower odds of dental caries (aOR = 0.10, 95% CI: 0.014-0.684, P = 0.019). Perfunctory toothbrushing (aOR = 8.78, 95% CI: 3.12-24.71, P < 0.001) was associated with higher odds of poor oral hygiene (PI ≥ 2), whereas higher household income (aOR = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.12-0.74, P = 0.009) and twice-daily toothbrushing (aOR = 0.14, 95% CI: 0.05-0.43, P = 0.001) were associated with lower odds of poor oral hygiene (PI ≥ 2). For gingivitis (MGI ≥ 2), higher household income (aOR = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.13-0.84, P = 0.019) and parental supervision of toothbrushing (aOR = 0.11, 95% CI: 0.04-0.31, P < 0.001) were associated with lower odds of gingivitis, whereas longer disease duration (aOR = 11.30, 95% CI: 3.78-33.75, P < 0.001) was associated with higher odds of gingivitis. Notably, the wide confidence intervals for these adjusted odds ratios indicate limited precision for quantifying exact effect magnitudes, and the case-control design precludes causal inference; all reported associations should therefore be interpreted with caution. Children with ADHD in this cohort exhibited significantly poorer oral health than healthy controls, characterized by higher rates of dental caries, poorer oral hygiene, and more severe gingival inflammation. These adverse oral health outcomes were associated with ineffective oral hygiene practices, frequent high-sugar dietary habits, ADHD-related neurobehavioral characteristics, and socioeconomic factors. Comprehensive oral health interventions integrating preventive clinical care, behavioral support, family involvement, and socioeconomic assistance are urgently needed for this population.

PMID 42668354
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PubMedCase reports in dentistry2026-08-30

Oral Mucosal Melanoma In Situ Manifesting as Multiple Gingival Macules Around a Dental Implant-Based Prosthesis: A Case Report.

Tosiou Athina A, Kalogirou Eleni-Marina EM, Goutas Dimitrios D, Katsoulas Nikolaos N et al.

Oral malignant melanoma in situ is a rare lesion that may precede the development of invasive oral malignant melanoma. We report an unusual presentation of a rare oral malignant melanoma in situ as multiple gingival macules around a dental implant-supported prosthesis, posing a significant diagnostic challenge. A 68-year-old Caucasian male presented with two black macules on the buccal gingiva of a dental implant and pontic of the implant-based prosthesis; they were asymmetric, with discrete borders, smooth surface, and homogenous color. Two small areas of gray discoloration were also seen on the palatal gingiva. The provisional diagnosis was postinflammatory pigmentation. Following excision of all lesions, an oral mucosal melanoma in situ was diagnosed. A watch-and-wait approach with a 3-month follow-up was decided. Twelve months later, the lesion recurred in the subpontic area, and wide excision on clinically normal margins of the gingival mucosa to the level of periosteum was performed. This case emphasizes that peri-implant pigmentation should not automatically be attributed to inflammatory or implant-related causes. Early biopsy remains essential because oral mucosal melanoma in situ may present deceptively and can recur despite initial complete excision.

PMID 42668785
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PubMedPatient preference and adherence2026-08-30

Oral Health Behavior Management in Patients with Periodontitis: A COM-B-Guided Qualitative Study.

Bao Jianuo J, Li Yuan Y, Zhang Lei L, Li Shuying S et al.

This study aimed to explore barriers and support needs related to oral health behaviors among patients with periodontitis guided by the Capability-Opportunity-Motivation-Behavior (COM-B) model in a Chinese clinical context. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 17 patients diagnosed with stage II-IV periodontitis who attended the Department of Stomatology at a tertiary hospital in Chengde, China, between December 2025 and January 2026. Participants were recruited using purposive sampling. Interviews were conducted in person, and data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis guided by the COM-B model. Themes and sub-themes were identified through an iterative and collaborative coding process conducted by two trained researchers. Three main themes and eleven sub-themes were identified, reflecting barriers and support needs related to oral health behaviors. Within the capability domain, barriers included insufficient disease knowledge and information literacy, inadequate skills in using oral hygiene tools, and physical limitations. Within the opportunity domain, barriers included constraints related to objective resources and life circumstances and unsupportive social norms, while participants expressed support needs for professional and social support. Within the motivation domain, barriers included negative behavioral experiences, concerns about social judgment, and lack of self-efficacy, whereas perceived benefits and disease awareness and the desire to preserve oral health supported sustained oral health behaviors. Patients with periodontitis experience interconnected barriers and support needs across capability, opportunity, and motivation domains. These qualitative findings provide evidence to inform the development of tailored oral health behavior interventions.

PMID 42668984
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