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nitroglycerin

✓ Approved

Eisai Co., Ltd. · Small Molecule · Small Molecule

What is nitroglycerin?

nitroglycerin is a small molecule developed by Eisai Co., Ltd.. It is approved for therapeutic indications via transdermal.

Drug Profile

CompanyEisai Co., Ltd.
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
RouteTransdermal
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Eisai Co., Ltd.

Therapeutic Indications

nitroglycerin is developed for 2 unique indications across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Cardiac disordersAngina pectoris✓ Approved
Cardiac disordersCardiac failure✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedFrontiers in cardiovascular medicine2026-07-17

Case Report: Spontaneous coronary artery dissection presenting as MINOCA in uncontrolled Graves' disease.

Pan Yunfeng Y, Han Hao H, Chen Jijie J, Zhang Shiyi S

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is an increasingly recognized cause of myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA). Although Graves' disease is a well-established cause of coronary vasospasm, its potential association with structural coronary arterial injury remains incompletely understood. We report a case of hyperthyroidism-associated SCAD that provides clinical insight into a possible link between severe thyrotoxicosis and coronary arterial vulnerability. We report a 56-year-old female with uncontrolled Graves' disease presenting with an acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Despite prominent inferior ST-segment elevations, emergent coronary angiography revealed a long narrowing extending from the mid to the distal tip of the left anterior descending (LAD) artery with preserved TIMI 3 flow. The lesion's lack of response to intracoronary nitroglycerin supported a working diagnosis of MINOCA. Given the concurrent severe thyrotoxicosis and the substantial risk of precipitating thyroid storm during invasive evaluation, a staged diagnostic approach was adopted: acute-phase management prioritized conservative cardiovascular and antithyroid therapy, while definitive intravascular imaging was deferred. Follow-up intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) at three months demonstrated a persistent intramural hematoma, confirming the diagnosis of SCAD. The patient remained asymptomatic at the one-year follow-up. This case suggests that severe thyrotoxicosis may contribute to coronary arterial vulnerability and the development of SCAD. It also highlights the diagnostic challenges of complex MINOCA presentations in patients with uncontrolled hyperthyroidism. In selected cases, a staged diagnostic strategy with deferred intracoronary imaging after endocrinological stabilization may provide a safe and effective approach to diagnostic confirmation while minimizing procedural risk.

PMID 42465536
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PubMedCureus2026-07-16

Survival and Favorable Neurological Outcome Following Home Delivery at 22 Weeks of Gestation: A Case Report.

Haga Mitsuhiro M, Oshima Ayumi A, Nagashima Yasuhisa Y, Kanai Masayo M

We encountered a male infant with extremely low birth weight born at 22 weeks and 0 days of gestational age in the toilet at home. He was resuscitated with chest compression and bag-valve-mask ventilation by the emergency medical service crew and was transported to our institution 50 minutes after birth. The patient was intubated and given intratracheal artificial surfactant after admission. After he recovered from the initial hypotensive phase, we maintained the blood pressure at an appropriate level using nitroglycerin to avoid cerebral overcirculation. He was discharged home at 170 days of life with no signs of intraventricular hemorrhage or periventricular leukomalacia. His overall developmental quotient at one year and seven months of corrected age was 104, and he showed no apparent developmental delay. This case demonstrates that appropriate medical management can save the lives of extremely preterm infants born outside medical institutions.

PMID 42460218
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PubMedThe journal of headache and pain2026-07-16

Sexual dimorphism in cortical excitability: repetitive nitroglycerin unmasks maladaptive spreading depolarization in female mice.

Gliga Otilia O, Gallardo Víctor-José VJ, Pozo-Rosich Patricia P, Vila-Pueyo Marta M

Cortical excitability is maintained by a finely regulated balance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission. This balance is sexually dimorphic and shapes vulnerability to pathological events such as cortical spreading depolarization (CSD), the electrophysiological correlate of migraine aura and a key phenomenon in stroke, traumatic brain injury, and seizures. Although migraine and several CSD-related disorders disproportionately affect women, most preclinical studies rely on acute, male-only paradigms, limiting understanding of how biological sex shapes cortical responses to recurrent migraine-relevant stimuli. Here, we examined whether repetitive exposure to the migraine trigger nitroglycerin (NTG) unmasks sex-specific alterations in cortical excitability and CSD recurrence dynamics. Male and female C57BL/6J mice received five systemic NTG or vehicle injections every other day to induce sustained sensitization. After the development of mechanical orofacial allodynia, in vivo electrophysiological recordings were performed to quantify CSD frequency, induction latency, and waveform characteristics. Generalized Poisson and mixed-effects models were used to assess the effects of sex, treatment, and their interaction, with model selection based on likelihood ratio tests and residual diagnostics performed using the DHARMa package. Repetitive NTG induced progressive mechanical allodynia in both sexes (χ²(2) = 110.05, p < 0.001). In contrast, CSD metrics revealed marked sexual dimorphism in the adaptive response to repeated NTG stimulation. NTG increased CSD frequency by 41% in females (IRR [95% CI] = 1.41 [1.15-1.73], p = 0.001) but not in males (sex × group: p = 0.043). NTG also reduced first CSD induction latency (χ²(1) = 4.76, p = 0.029) and attenuated the prolongation of latency across successive CSD events (χ²(1) = 4.54, p = 0.033) selectively in females indicating sustained cortical hyperexcitability. CSD amplitude and duration remained unchanged across groups. These findings demonstrate that repetitive NTG exposure unmasks a female-specific failure of cortical homeostatic adaptation to recurrent noxious stimuli in the context of CSD-related readouts. This maladaptive response is consistent with the involvement of sex-dependent regulatory pathways, potentially involving hormonal or epigenetic mechanisms, as candidate determinants of the cortical threshold for depolarization; however, causal mechanistic attribution awaits direct experimental testing. Our results highlight sex as a fundamental determinant of cortical excitability and underscore the need for sex-inclusive, repetitive paradigms to better understand female-biased vulnerability and chronification in migraine.

PMID 42458278
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PubMedClinical practice and cases in emergency medicine2026-07-16

A Rare Case Report of Contrast Media-induced Sympathetic Crashing Acute Pulmonary Edema.

Adams Clates P CP, Wade Christian I CI

Sympathetic crashing acute pulmonary edema (SCAPE), also known as flash pulmonary edema or hypertensive acute heart failure, is a critical condition characterized by a rapid escalation of sympathetic outflow, excessive afterload, and worsening heart failure. Although rare, contrast media-induced pulmonary edema is a severe adverse reaction, occurring in 0.001-0.008% of patients receiving intravenous contrast and accounting for 10-20% of lethal contrast reactions. A 70-year-old male developed acute respiratory distress shortly after undergoing an outpatient, contrast-enhanced computed tomography. Despite treatment for suspected anaphylaxis, the patient's condition continued to deteriorate until a diagnosis of SCAPE was ultimately recognized. Treatment with high-dose nitroglycerin, non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV), and eventual intubation resulted in the patient's full recovery. This report highlights the importance of recognizing SCAPE in patients presenting with sudden dyspnea after contrast administration and emphasizes the need for early intervention with NIPPV and vasodilators to reduce morbidity and mortality.

PMID 42456301
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PubMedMikrochimica acta2026-07-15

New trends and approaches in the voltammetric analysis of gunshot residue.

Uzun Gökhan G

Gunshot residue (GSR) analysis remains a central technique of firearm-related forensic investigations; however, the current gold-standard technique, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDS), is constrained by high cost, limited portability, and laboratory dependence. These limitations have driven increasing interest in electrochemical and voltammetric approaches as rapid, cost-effective, and field-deployable alternatives capable of detecting both inorganic (IGSR) and organic (OGSR) components. This review examines developments reported between 2000 and 2026, with particular emphasis on nanomaterial-modified screen-printed electrodes, advanced voltammetric techniques (including square-wave and differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry), and their application to the simultaneous determination of key metallic markers (Pb, Sb, Ba) and organic compounds such as nitroglycerin, nitrocellulose, and diphenylamine. Emerging strategies involving microfluidic integration, hybrid electrochemical-optical platforms, and chemometric data analysis are also evaluated in the context of improving sensitivity, selectivity, and on-site applicability. Importantly, this review extends beyond analytical performance by situating current methodologies within a probabilistic evidence-evaluation framework based on likelihood ratios and Bayesian inference, an aspect largely overlooked in prior literature. Persistent challenges, including matrix interferences, electrode fouling, and the lack of standardized forensic validation protocols, are discussed alongside the requirements for reliable operational deployment.

PMID 42455404
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PubMedJournal of inflammation research2026-07-15

Integrated Multi-Omics Analyses Identify Acupuncture-Associated Changes in Gut Microbiota, Short-Chain Fatty Acids, and TNC Gene Expression in Chronic Migraine Rats.

Liu Lu L, Tang Zili Z, Wang Yuyan Y, Hu Shuangyuan S et al.

Gut microbiota alterations and gut-brain communication have been implicated in migraine. Acupuncture is a non-pharmacological therapy for migraine, and our previous studies showed it alleviates hyperalgesia in chronic migraine (CM) models, possibly through gut microbiota and microbial metabolites. However, whether acupuncture-associated effects in CM are accompanied by coordinated changes in gut microbial composition, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles, and trigeminal nucleus caudalis (TNC) gene expression remains unclear. A nitroglycerin (NTG)-induced CM rat model was used. Rats were randomized to VEH, NTG, NTG+true acupuncture (NTG+TA), and NTG+sham acupuncture (NTG+SA) groups. TA was administered daily at acupoints GB8 and GB34 for nine consecutive days. Mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia were assessed using paw withdrawal threshold and tail-flick latency. TNC levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were quantified by ELISA. Furthermore, 16S rRNA sequencing, SCFA profiling in fecal and plasma samples, and TNC transcriptomics were integrated to characterize acupuncture-associated changes related to the microbiota-gut-brain axis. S100a4 and Vamp8 expression was further validated by RT-qPCR. TA significantly reduced migraine-like hyperalgesia and neuroinflammation in CM rats. Compared with the NTG group, the NTG+TA group showed altered gut microbiota composition, characterized by higher relative abundances of Lactobacillus murinus and Parabacteroides goldsteinii, and lower relative abundances of Lachnoclostridium, Ruminococcus, and Oscillospiraceae. Fecal acetic acid was significantly lower in NTG+TA than NTG. Exploratory transcriptomic analysis further suggested enrichment of neuroinflammation-related pathways and identified increased expression of candidate genes, including S100a4 and Vamp8, in the NTG+TA group. RT-qPCR confirmed expression changes of S100a4 and Vamp8 consistent with the transcriptomic results. Integrative correlation analysis found that Parabacteroides goldsteinii was positively correlated with S100a4 and Vamp8, but negatively correlated with acetic acid. In NTG-induced CM rats, TA reduced hyperalgesia and neuroinflammation, accompanied by changes in gut microbiota, SCFA profiles, and TNC gene expression, providing preliminary associative evidence that warrants further mechanistic and clinical validation.

PMID 42454153
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