Drug Database
RA

rabies vaccine (Thrabis)

✓ Approved

Cadila Pharmaceuticals Ltd. · Recombinant Proteins · Recombinant Proteins

What is rabies vaccine?

rabies vaccine is a recombinant proteins developed by Cadila Pharmaceuticals Ltd.. It is approved for therapeutic indications via injectable (others) or intramuscular (im) injection.

Drug Profile

Brand NamesThrabis
CompanyCadila Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
Drug ClassRecombinant Proteins, Vaccine
RouteInjectable (Others), Intramuscular (IM) Injection
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Cadila Pharmaceuticals Ltd.

Therapeutic Indications

rabies vaccine is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Infections and infestationsRabies✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedFrontiers in immunology2026-07-17

Single-cell immune landscape of the central nervous system of mice infected with rabies virus.

Wang Xinyue X, Zhang Xinjie X, He Wenwen W, Xia Xianzhu X et al.

The fatality rate of virulent rabies virus (RABV) following central nervous system (CNS) invasion is nearly 100%. Infection with the virulent CVS-11 strain is associated with severe neurological symptoms and lethal outcomes, while the attenuated SRV9 strain can be cleared by the host. Although previous studies have investigated intracranial cytological and immunological changes, a high-resolution single-cell understanding is still lacking. Such resolution is essential for analyzing immune cell heterogeneity and intercellular communication networks. This study aimed to depict the immune response after CVS-11 and SRV9 infections at single-cell resolution, addressing the immune mechanisms influencing RABV infection outcomes. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on brains from CVS-11 infected, SRV9 infected, and mock infected mice. By analyzing over 100,000 cells, we constructed a comprehensive atlas of CNS immune responses. Compared with SRV9 infection, CVS-11 infection was associated with transcriptional signatures indicative of: a trend of microglial shifting toward a phagocytic signature enriched phagocytic phenotype, elevated expression of genes related to excessive neutrophilic inflammation, down regulation of NK cell functional genes (suggesting potential dysfunction), and increased expression of T cell exhaustion-related genes. In contrast, SRV9 infection correlated with microglial features indicative of an immunoregulatory phenotype, more precise NK cell antiviral function, more complete T cell activation and memory formation, and more coordinated immune interactions. The scRNA-seq data from this study suggest that virulent and attenuated RABV strains may induce distinct patterns of immune responses in the central nervous system: the former is accompanied by features of dysfunctional cellular responses, whereas the latter presents protective immune features associated with viral clearance. Notably, a set of signature genes (Fkbp5, Apod, Klf2, Socs3) and pathways was identified associated with lethal RABV infection. These findings provide new insights for rabies vaccine design and immunotherapy.

PMID 42465758
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PubMedbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology2026-07-17

One Health genomic surveillance reveals structured urban rabies transmission and major surveillance gaps.

Brunker Kirstyn K, Dávila-Barclay Alejandra A, Díaz Elvis W EW, Kasaragod Sandeep S et al.

Persistent local foci remain a barrier to eliminating dog-mediated rabies. The processes sustaining micro-scale transmission, particularly in complex urban systems, remain poorly understood. We apply an integrated One Health genomic epidemiology framework to reconstruct a decade-long rabies virus (RABV) epidemic in Arequipa, Peru. Combining 133 new whole genomes with existing data, we produce the most comprehensive canine RABV dataset in Latin America and use whole-genome-informed phylogenetic, phylodynamic, and landscape analyses, to trace the epidemic from its first detection in 2015. Transmission was dominated by a single lineage estimated to be introduced around 2012, which spread for approximately 3 years before detection. We find that only 1-2% of infections are routinely detected, revealing extensive cryptic transmission and undermining case-based metrics for verifying disease freedom. Additional regional and transboundary introductions were detected, but only one resulted in sustained transmission. Within Arequipa city, transmission is highly structured, concentrated in densely populated and socioeconomically deprived areas, and shaped by urban connectivity, with roads and dry water channels facilitating spread and rivers acting as partial barriers. Together, our findings demonstrate that rabies persistence reflects interacting processes across spatial scales and support genomic-informed, spatially targeted surveillance and control strategies.

PMID 42465450
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PubMedJournal of virological methods2026-07-17

Stability Analysis of Rabies Virus in the Environment.

Zhang Minghui M, Zhang Na N, Xu Xiaonuo X, Tao Xiaoyan X et al.

Rabies, a fatal zoonosis, remains a burden in developing countries. Concerns about indirect environmental transmission and appropriate post‑exposure prophylaxis (PEP) are increasing, yet data on RABV stability under various conditions are limited. In this study, we systematically evaluated the stability of RABV (CVS‑11 strain) on six surface (glass, rubber, plastic, polypropylene surgical mask, fabric, and paper) at 25℃, and its stability in brain tissue, muscle, and simulated saliva under three simulated seasonal conditions: summer (35℃, 75% RH), spring/autumn (15℃, 43% RH), and winter (4℃, 33% RH). Viral titers were determined by fluorescent focus assay, complemented by direct fluorescent antibody staining and qPCR for nucleic acid detection. On surfaces, RABV titers declined from about 107 FFU/mL to 103 FFU/mL over 72h, with inactivation occurring significantly faster on fabric than on other materials. Under simulated summer conditions, no infectious virus could be recovered from saliva after 12h or from brain and muscle tissues after 24h, but viral RNA remained detectable by qPCR. However, under spring/autumn and winter conditions, the virus still exhibited relatively high titers at 24h, with enhanced stability at 4℃. These findings provide an evidence‑based framework for diagnostic laboratories to interpret nucleic acid tests in degraded specimens and to establish sample acceptance criteria. By clarifying the limited time window of environmental infectivity, they also help alleviate rabies‑related anxiety and support more nuanced post‑exposure prophylaxis decisions.

PMID 42462824
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PubMedClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2026-07-17

Artificial Intelligence Across the Vaccine Clinical Trial Lifecycle: Evidence, Readiness, and Guardrails.

Idriss Jad J, Kalash Suha S, Faraj Jana Abu JA, Nolan Lauren L et al.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being used to support clinical research, but its value in vaccine clinical trials requires careful evidence-based assessment. Vaccine trials pose distinctive challenges, including high safety expectations in healthy participants, evolving pathogen exposure and baseline immunity, incomplete correlates of protection, applicability of findings to intended-use populations, and intense public scrutiny. We conducted a structured, vaccine-focused narrative review of AI applications across the vaccine trial lifecycle, supplemented by targeted clinical trial and vaccine pharmacovigilance studies with directly transferable methods. In the combined evidence base, evidence is strongest for operational uses, particularly recruitment, eligibility screening, trial matching, and risk-based monitoring. Applications to immune-response interpretation, correlates of protection, and vaccine safety surveillance are promising but remain less prospectively validated. Responsible adoption should be guided by intended tool use, evidence of strength, data governance, regulatory expectations, and preservation of human scientific and safety judgment.

PMID 42464875
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PubMedIranian journal of nursing and midwifery research2026-07-17

Investigate the Relationship Between Receiving the COVID-19 Vaccine and Menstrual Disorders among Females of Reproductive Age in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Esheaba Ola M OM, Fouly Howieda A HA, Kassem Fathia K FK

There are many physical side effects of the COVID-19 vaccine, including unexpected changes occurring in menstrual bleeding. This study aimed to assess the relation between the COVID-19 vaccine and disorders in menstruation among females of reproductive age. Participants were recruited from a nonprobability snowball sampling targeted at females who are living in Jeddah city between March 2022 and August 2022, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). A quantitative cross-sectional design was utilized to conduct the study, a nonexperimental design based on a single observation point. The sample size is estimated by the G*Power software to be 180, considering missed cases, it increased to 197. Regarding menstrual changes, n = 86 (43.65%) experienced a delay, and about one-third reported an earlier menstruation cycle. A significant relationship is observed between nationality, occupation, and changes in period (t = 3.89, P < 0.001 and t = -2.94, P < 0.004). There is no significant difference in the occurrence of complications among the different vaccine types. Receiving the COVID-19 vaccine was strongly linked with unexpected disturbance in menstruation among the studied group, from simple menstrual irregulates to reported amenorrhea after receiving the booster doses. However, the occurrence of menstrual cycle delays was not linked to the vaccine type. Further studies should be done to investigate each type of vaccine specifically to determine if the type of vaccine affects the reproductive function generally not only the menstrual cycle, in a larger survey for more generalizability.

PMID 42466287
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PubMedFrontiers in public health2026-07-17

Reframing vaccine narrative: a co-production study of a media campaign intervention to address childhood vaccine hesitancy among Nigerian parents and caregivers.

Ike Tarela Juliet TJ, Jidong Dung Ezekiel DE, Obi Callistar Kidochukwu CK, Ntaji Maureen Iru MI et al.

Childhood vaccine hesitancy is a public health concern. Nigeria is one of the countries with the highest rates of zero-dose childhood vaccination. This study makes an original contribution by adopting a co-production approach underpinned by interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) to meaningfully inform the co-production of a media campaign intervention with Nigerian parents/ caregivers whose child(ren) are not, or only partially, up to date with routine immunizations aimed at reducing childhood vaccine hesitancy and promoting uptake. A total of 10 parents or caregivers whose children were not up to date with their vaccinations were recruited for the study and participated in a focus group discussion. Data were analyzed using IPA. The findings reveal that hostility, misinformation, and the breakdown of trust in vaccines, alongside faith, tradition, and the lived logic of alternative protection, intersect to exacerbate hesitancy. The findings also reveal that clarity, reassurance, and empowerment in vaccine communication, underpinned by gendered voices, can build trust in vaccine messaging and encourage uptake. The study offers important insights for policymakers and public health communication strategies, underscoring the need for culturally appropriate media campaign interventions that address vaccine-related concerns and foster uptake.

PMID 42465634
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