Drug Database
EP

epinephrine (epinephrine, Dey / EpiPen / epinephrine, Mylan)

✓ Approved

Mylan · Small Molecule · Small Molecule

What is epinephrine?

epinephrine is a small molecule developed by Mylan. It is approved for therapeutic indications via injectable (others).

Drug Profile

Brand Namesepinephrine, Dey, EpiPen, epinephrine, Mylan
CompanyMylan
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
RouteInjectable (Others)
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Mylan

Therapeutic Indications

epinephrine is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Immune system disordersAnaphylactic reaction✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedFrontiers in allergy2026-07-17

Bridging innovation and risk: the missing role of validated risk-stratification in IgE-mediated food allergy management.

Opseth Heather M HM, Gruver Michelle M

Over the last decade, the prevalence of IgE-mediated food allergies has increased, alongside therapeutic innovations such as oral immunotherapy (OIT), omalizumab, combination approaches, intranasal epinephrine, and emerging biomarker-guided strategies. This mini review synthesizes evidence published between 2019 and 2025 and evaluates how these advances intersect with persistent safety and clinical decision-making challenges. Although these therapies demonstrate promising efficacy, validated risk-stratification tools capable of guiding individual treatment selection are lacking. The proposed conceptual framework illustrates how patient characteristics, biomarkers, and treatment-specific risks may ultimately support individualized therapeutic decision-making.

PMID 42466328
Read full article →
PubMedBiomedical chromatography : BMC2026-07-17

LC-MS/MS Method for Quantifying the Alterations of Four Neurotransmitters in Plasma From Insomnia Patients Treated With Zhibai Anshen Oral Liquid.

Xu Jingjie J, Chu Yaqin Y, Levin Timothy T, Li Huanchen H et al.

Zhibai Anshen (ZbAs) oral liquid is employed to alleviate insomnia. However, the neurotransmitters in this treatment are insufficiently investigated. This study aimed to establish a method based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for determination of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), dopamine (DA), epinephrine (E), and norepinephrine (NE) in the plasma of patients treated with ZbAs. Plasma samples were processed by protein precipitation with acetonitrile containing internal standard linezolid. Insomnia patients were enrolled and treated with ZbAs, and the plasma samples were collected at baseline and end of treatment. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was retrieved and the concentrations of neurotransmitters were quantified. The method was successfully developed and validated. It was successfully applied to analyzing plasma samples from 51 patients, revealing a significantly increased level of 5-HT and obviously decreased levels of NE and DA after treatment, while the E kept steady against ZbAs. The PSQI significantly decreased after ZbAs treatment (21.63 ± 6.94 vs. 16.44 ± 7.17, p = 0.0006). A rapid, simple, and sensitive LC-MS/MS method for the determination of four neurotransmitters was established. ZbAs showed satisfying efficacy in treating insomnia, accompanied by obvious alterations of three neurotransmitters, which may be regarded as indicators for efficacy assessment of ZbAs.

PMID 42466500
Read full article →
PubMedZhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics2026-07-16

[How I treat anaphylaxis in children].

Xie Min M, Wang Xia X

Anaphylaxis is a rapid-onset, life-threatening systemic hypersensitivity reaction. Insufficient awareness of this condition in China and delayed or inappropriate use of epinephrine-the core treatment-are major causes of severe outcomes. Based on two clinical cases and the latest domestic and international guidelines, this article systematically describes early recognition and diagnosis of anaphylaxis in children, epinephrine-centered emergency management strategies, and the treatment protocol for refractory anaphylaxis. For classic anaphylaxis, early intramuscular injection of epinephrine into the anterolateral thigh is lifesaving. For refractory anaphylaxis, intravenous continuous infusion of epinephrine should be initiated promptly after two ineffective intramuscular injections, combined with aggressive fluid resuscitation and, if necessary, second-line vasoactive drugs. Antihistamines and corticosteroids are only adjunctive therapies and cannot replace epinephrine. Standardized post-discharge long-term management and the promotion of novel noninvasive delivery routes will further improve prognosis of pediatric anaphylaxis.

PMID 42457322
Read full article →
PubMedCanadian journal of ophthalmology. Journal canadien d'ophtalmologie2026-07-16

Factors influencing graft survival in full-thickness skin grafts of the periocular region: a systematic review.

Prabhu Neetin N, Gupta Arjav A, Hodgson Kevin K, Oyesode Oyeleye O et al.

Full-thickness skin grafts (FTSG) are a commonly used tool in facial reconstruction. The success of a skin graft is paramount to the structural integrity of a defect repair. We sought to systematically review existing evidence for factors influencing the success of full-thickness skin grafts in the periocular region. A systematic review of published literature from 1965 to December 1, 2025, was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Publication descriptors, methodological details, and overall results were extracted. Articles were assessed for methodological quality using MINORS, Cochrane ROB 2, or AMSTAR 2 instruments depending on study type. Twenty-six studies were included. Most were retrospective, and 73.1% were from the 3rd level of evidence. Noncomparative, nonrandomized studies were generally rated as higher quality, with the remainder being low to moderate. Nine studies reported graft failure, with an incidence below 10% in nearly all studies. The only comparative study that found a statistically significant decrease in graft survivability was with infiltration of lidocaine with epinephrine into the graft donor site compared with infiltration of lidocaine without epinephrine (p = .05). Overall, studies investigating factors influencing FTSG were of low to moderate quality. Success of FTSG in the periocular region was high regardless of additional interventions. Local anesthetic use with epinephrine was, however, associated with worse outcomes. Our review identified a need for additional high-quality evidence that can be used to indicate whether the donor site affects success for this intervention, as well as additional randomized controlled trials to improve the quality of the literature.

PMID 42457147
Read full article →
PubMedJournal of translational medicine2026-07-16

Delayed repair of singly transected and segmental-loss peripheral nerve injuries in rat sciatic nerves using optimized PEG-fusion protocols and stored viable peripheral nerve allografts.

Olivarez Alexa N AN, Yang Cathy Z CZ, Zhou Liwen L, Mikesh Michelle M et al.

Singly transected and segmental-loss peripheral nerve injuries (ST- and SL-PNIs) produce immediate loss of sensorimotor functions. Polyethylene glycol (PEG)-fusion repairs performed immediately following ST- and SL-PNIs improve long-term outcomes in animal models, with SL-PNIs repaired using fresh or 1-to-3 day stored viable peripheral nerve allografts (VPNAs). Here, we propose several optimizations for the existing PEG-fusion protocols to repair ST- and SL-PNIs with a delay of 24-48 h post-injury, using longer stored VPNAs for SL-PNIs, both conditions critical for translating PEG-fusion to the clinic. Optimized PEG-fusion protocols to repair ST- and SL-PNIs of the rat sciatic nerve include the additional steps of topical application of low-dose epinephrine and/or local administration of methylprednisolone. Electrophysiological recordings were used to assess the success of surgeries, and Sciatic Functional Index and end-point nerve morphology were performed to assess long-term recovery. For longer VPNA storage, a static storage protocol was established, and the viability of VPNAs was assessed electrophysiologically prior to transplantation and morphologically. Together, our optimized PEG-fusion and static storage protocols successfully repair ST- and SL-PNIs with a delay of at least 24 h, with SL-PNIs repaired using VPNAs stored for at least 3 weeks. Topical application of low-dose epinephrine stops intraoperative bleeding and improves behavioral recovery. Local administration of methylprednisolone following PEG-fusion eliminates microvasculitis and further improves behavioral recovery. The findings in this study using rats, along with the ongoing PEG-fusion clinical trials, suggest the feasibility of clinically translating delayed PEG-fusion repair for ST- or SL-PNIs in humans, and support further investigation into the storage of VPNAs at tissue banks.

PMID 42458478
Read full article →
PubMedFrontiers in allergy2026-07-16

Severe recurrent anaphylaxis: investigating underlying mechanisms beyond IgE-mediated allergy - a case report.

Gawlewicz-Mroczka Agnieszka A, Gacek Ewelina E, Zamorska Natalia N, Sładek Krzysztof K

Anaphylaxis is a sudden, life-threatening, and generalized allergic reaction that develops within minutes to hours following exposure to an allergen. Cutaneous, respiratory, and cardiovascular symptoms may occur in various combinations, and the severity of the reaction can vary, potentially leading to anaphylactic reactions, which, if untreated with epinephrine, may be fatal. Although anaphylaxis is most commonly caused by allergic mechanisms, cofactors and comorbidities can contribute to increased severity. We present the case of a 34-year-old man who repeatedly experienced severe anaphylactic reactions after consuming products containing defensins. Comprehensive diagnostic evaluation confirmed an IgE-dependent allergic reaction to inhalant defensins. Additionally, histamine intolerance was suspected, and suspicion of systemic mastocytosis (SM) was raised. This study aims to describe the diagnostic process and highlight the challenges in differentiating clinical symptoms arising from overlapping pathophysiological mechanisms in these conditions.

PMID 42459899
Read full article →

+9996 more articles available with a free account

Sign up free to view all articles →

Ask about epinephrine