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donepezil (E 2022 / TK023 / TK 023)

✓ Approved

Eisai Co., Ltd. · ACHE · Small Molecule

What is donepezil?

donepezil is a small molecule developed by Eisai Co., Ltd.. It is approved for therapeutic indications via transdermal.

Drug Profile

Brand NamesE 2022, TK023, TK 023
CompanyEisai Co., Ltd.
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
Molecular TargetACHE
RouteTransdermal
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Eisai Co., Ltd.

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

donepezil acts on 1 molecular target:

ACHEacetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) (N-ACHE, ACEE)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

donepezil is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Nervous system disordersDementia Alzheimer's typePhase I

Related Research Articles

PubMedCase reports in surgery2026-08-30

Surgical and Histopathologic Insights Into Mid-Aortic Syndrome: A Case Report.

Hruschka Bernhard B, Doukas Panagiotis P, Gombert Alexander A

Mid-aortic syndrome (MAS) is a rare condition marked by narrowing of the thoraco-abdominal aorta, often causing severe hypertension. We present a 17-year-old male with refractory hypertension due to high-grade aortic coarctation at the viscero-renal segment. After failed endovascular interventions, open thoracoabdominal aortic repair was performed. The celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery (SMA), and right renal artery were initially implanted into the tubegraft as a patch, but limited blood flow required revision including separate bypasses for the visceral arteries and both renal arteries. The patient was discharged with normalized blood pressure. Histopathology revealed adventitial necrosis, smooth muscle disorganization, and severe intimal thickening, suggesting intimal hyperplasia and fibrosis reduced blood flow. Separate bypasses might have been more effective than a patch for long-term patency. At a 4-year follow-up, the patient remains stable, though the right renal bypass is occluded. This case report provides unique insights into the histopathological features of MAS and their potential impact on surgical decision-making, contributing to our understanding of this rare condition.

PMID 42668914
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PubMedArthroscopy : the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery : official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association2026-08-30

Dermal Allograft Patch Augmentation With Mini-Open Triple-Row Repair for Large to Massive Rotator Cuff Tears Results in a Low Retear Rate and Favorable Clinical Outcomes Without Adverse Events.

Kim Du-Han DH, Jeon Seong Woo SW, Son Eun-Seok ES, Cho Chul-Hyun CH

To evaluate radiological and clinical outcomes, as well as adverse events, after dermal allograft patch (DAP) augmentation with rotator cuff repair for large to massive rotator cuff tears (RCTs). Fifty consecutive patients who underwent DAP augmentation with arthroscopic-assisted mini-open triple-row suture bridge repair for large to massive RCTs were retrospectively reviewed. The inclusion criteria were posterosuperior large to massive RCTs (>3 cm) and a minimum 24-month follow-up after surgery. Structural integrity was assessed using either magnetic resonance imaging or ultrasonography at a minimum of 6 months after surgery, and graft incorporation was evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging. Clinical outcomes were sequentially evaluated at baseline and at 3, 6, and 12 months, as well as at the final follow-up. Thirty-nine patients were included in the final analysis. The mean follow-up period after surgery was 32.5 (24-45) months. The overall retear rate was 12.8% (5/39 cases), comprising type 2 retear in 3 cases and type 1 retear in 2 cases. Among the 33 magnetic resonance imaging scans obtained at a mean of 7.1 months after surgery, complete incorporation between the repaired tendon and the patch graft was observed in 8 cases (24.3%), partial incorporation in 17 cases (51.5%), no incorporation in 7 cases (21.2%), and resorption with retear in 1 case (3.0%). No adverse events or complications related to DAP were identified. At final follow-up, 69.2% of patients achieved the minimal clinically important difference for the visual analog scale pain score, 79.8% for the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, and 76.9% for the subjective shoulder value. Patient acceptable symptom state was achieved in 72.3%, 75.4%, and 77.5% of patients for the visual analog scale pain score, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, and subjective shoulder value, respectively. DAP augmentation combined with arthroscopic-assisted mini-open triple-row suture bridge repair for posterosuperior large to massive RCTs results in a low retear rate and favorable clinical outcomes without adverse events. Level IV, retrospective case series.

PMID 42669455
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PubMedJournal of pathology informatics2026-08-30

Foundation artificial intelligence models enable high-accuracy diagnostic differentiation of hybrid neurofibroma/schwannoma using whole-slide images.

Hellmann Fabio F, Anokhin Maxim M, Schimmler Pascal P, Tippner Daniel D et al.

Peripheral nerve sheath tumors encompass a heterogeneous group including schwannoma, neurofibroma, and hybrid neurofibroma/schwannoma (HNS). Accurate differentiation is crucial due to distinct biological behavior, different management, and a possible assignment to a genetic disease. We investigated whether deep learning (DL)-based artificial intelligence (AI) reliably distinguished HNS from schwannomas and neurofibromas using whole-slide images (WSIs). Utilizing a dataset of H&E-stained WSIs from 115 tumors, we applied state-of-the-art foundation models (UNI, CONCH, ResNet50) for feature extraction, combined with multiple instance learning algorithms CLAM and mMIL, and a patch-based classifier. Our models achieved high validation performance, with macro-area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC) values up to 1.0 for UNI-based MIL models. Attention maps correlated well with annotations. HNS were reliably distinguished from schwannoma and neurofibroma using a pretrained AI workflow that was easy to interpret. The choice of foundation model and stain normalization emerged as major performance drivers, with UNI-based mCLAM achieving the highest validation performance, whereas a ResNet50-based mCLAM model with stain normalization reached the best HNS accuracy (0.96) and F1 (0.98) on the test set. Patch-level classifiers with CONCH and UNI embeddings showed slightly lower three-class performance on the validation set (macro AUC-ROC approximately 0.8-0.87), but supported data-driven thresholds for the proportion of Sw-like and Nf-like tissue used for slide-level HNS classification, and a ResNet50-based patch model achieved an HNS accuracy of 0.79 and F1 of 0.88 on the test set. We demonstrated that minimal preprocessing, combined with an interpretable output, quantified tumor components with very high accuracy. This study supports the feasibility of DL tools for the nuanced differentiation of schwannoma and neurofibroma from HNS. Our approach can therefore improve diagnostic accuracy. Limitations include the dataset, technical artifacts, and discrepancies between validation and test performance across encoders. Therefore, future work should include external validation across scanners, labs and centers, protocols, prospective assessment of workflow integration, and benchmarking against interobserver variability to confirm clinical utility and generalizability.

PMID 42668461
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PubMedJournal of cardiothoracic surgery2026-08-30

Right atrial thrombus and pulmonary embolism one year after ventricular septal defect patch repair: successful surgical management of a complicated case.

Elshaer Osama Abouelfetouh OA, Gomaa Mahmoud M, Abdelfattah Mohamed Elsayed ME, Salama Mohamed Kamal MK et al.

Right heart thrombi are rare but life-threatening, with particularly high mortality when accompanied by pulmonary embolism (PE). Cardiac surgery may predispose to in-situ thrombus formation via suture lines or patch material, yet thromboembolic risk and preventive strategies following Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) repair remain unclear. Here, we report a case of a young patient with a massive right atrial (RA) thrombus with PE one year after VSD repair in the absence of any known hypercoagulable state. A 17-year-old male with a history of surgical VSD repair one year earlier, who was not taking any antithrombotic therapy prior to presentation, presented with acute dyspnea, tachycardia, and severe hypoxia. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed a large, freely mobile RA mass. Subsequent CT pulmonary angiography and cardiac magnetic resonance confirmed a massive right pulmonary artery embolus and characterized the RA mass as an intracardiac thrombus. Because of clinical deterioration despite therapeutic anticoagulation, he underwent a successful urgent cardiac surgery with RA mass excision and pulmonary embolectomy. Postoperative histopathology confirmed the mass to be a thrombus. Our case highlights a rare late RA thrombus with PE one year after surgical VSD repair, requiring urgent surgery. Further research is needed to clarify post-VSD closure surveillance and thromboprophylaxis strategies.

PMID 42668357
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PubMedNeuromolecular medicine2026-08-30

AMBMP Hydrochloride Reverses STZ-Induced Alzheimer-Type Dementia Associated with Wnt/β-catenin/TLR4 Signaling.

Kalra Palak P, Chaturvedi Deepak D, Kumar Amit A, Grewal Amarjot Kaur AK et al.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disorder with progressive cognitive decline and neuronal loss. This study investigated the neuroprotective effects of AMBMP Hydrochloride, a Wnt/β-catenin agonist, in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced mice model of AD, elucidating the interplay between dysregulated Wnt/β-catenin signaling and Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated inflammation, with Palmitic acid used as a TLR4 pathway modulator. Mice received bilateral intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injections of STZ (3 mg/kg) on Day 1 and Day 3, followed by administration of Donepezil (3 mg/kg)/ AMBMP Hydrochloride (5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg)/Palmitic acid (TLR4 agonist, 20 mg/kg) via the intraperitoneal (i.p.) route from Day 4 to Day 22. STZ-treated mice exhibited significant cognitive dysfunction, characterized by impaired performance in the Morris Water Maze (MWM) task along with increase in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, oxidative stress (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; TBARS), neuroinflammation [tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)/Interleukin-6 (IL-6)/Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)] and decreased reduced glutathione (GSH) levels. However, AMBMP Hydrochloride significantly improved behavioral and biochemical alterations possibly through modulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and attenuation of TLR4-mediated inflammation. Interestingly, Palmitic acid co-treatment was found to counteract these protective effects, further pointing to a role of TLR4 in the pharmacological effect of AMBMP Hydrochloride. In summary, we confirmed that AMBMP Hydrochloride exhibits potent neuroprotective effects associated with modulating Wnt/β-catenin/TLR4 signaling, offering a promising therapeutic approach against Alzheimer-Type Dementia. Future studies should delve deeper into the molecular mechanisms and translational promise of AMBMP hydrochloride, paving the way for its development as a potential candidate for AD management.

PMID 42668333
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PubMedEuropace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology2026-08-30

Digital recruitment and prevalence of screen-detected atrial fibrillation in nationwide patch-based ECG screening: the NORSCREEN randomized clinical trial.

Boskovic Miroslav M, Haraldsen Marius Blørstad MB, Berge Trygve T, Grenne Bjørnar Leangen BL et al.

Conventional screening modalities for atrial fibrillation (AF) are often constrained by considerable resource and logistical demands. The randomized controlled NORwegian atrial fibrillation self-SCREENing (NORSCREEN) trial employs a fully digital approach to recruitment and implementation. The aim of this pre-specified analysis was to evaluate the effectiveness of the fully digital recruitment and screening strategy, determine the prevalence of screen-detected AF, and assess initial adherence to therapeutic recommendations. Individuals aged ≥65 years with ≥1 additional risk factor for stroke were digitally recruited from the general Norwegian population and randomized 1:1 to screening or usual care. Exclusion criteria included prior AF, anticoagulation, implantable cardiac electronic devices, or lack of smartphone access. Participants allocated to screening were mailed a patch-based electrocardiogram sensor for site-less continuous monitoring over 7 days. Those with diagnosed AF were advised to contact their general practitioner to initiate appropriate therapy. A total of 551 555 Norwegian residents were digitally invited; of these, 139 596 (25.3%) completed the digital eligibility assessment, 74 956 (53.7%) were eligible, and 50 549 (67.4%) were randomized to screening or usual care. The median age was 75 years (inter-quartile range: 69-78), 23 445 (46.4%) were female, and the mean CHA2DS2-VA risk score was 2.6 ± 0.9. In the screening group, 19 723 (78.1%) completed the study procedures. Previously undiagnosed AF was identified in 382 (1.9%) screened participants, of whom 366 (95.8%) initiated anticoagulation therapy. The NORSCREEN trial demonstrates that fully digital, large-scale, site-less AF screening is feasible and effective in an at-risk population, identifying previously undiagnosed AF in 1.9% of screened individuals and showing high adherence to therapeutic recommendations. NCT05914883.

PMID 42669049
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