Beijing Holley-Cotec Pharma · Small Molecule · Small Molecule
azithromycin is a small molecule developed by Beijing Holley-Cotec Pharma. It is approved for therapeutic indications via oral (po).
| Brand Names | Azimac |
| Company | Beijing Holley-Cotec Pharma |
| Drug Class | Small Molecule |
| Route | Oral (PO) |
| Status | Approved |
azithromycin is developed for 8 unique indications across 3 therapeutic areas.
| Therapeutic Area | Condition | Phase |
|---|---|---|
| Infections and infestations | Lower respiratory tract infection | ✓ Approved |
| Infections and infestations | Otitis media | ✓ Approved |
| Infections and infestations | Sinusitis | ✓ Approved |
| Infections and infestations | Tonsillitis | ✓ Approved |
| Infections and infestations | Urinary tract infection | ✓ Approved |
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Sign up free to view all indications →Zhygalova Zhygalova Ilona I, Blanco López Iago I, Dopazo Sotillo Silvia S, Carreira Sampayo Uxía U et al.
Yan Fang F, Lin Meifang M, Fu Qinqin Q, Gao Yi Y et al.
To investigate the clinical characteristics and advances in diagnosis and treatment of neonatal Ureaplasma parvum (U. parvum) meningitis. Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up data of a neonate with persistent fever, normal blood routine, but persistently abnormal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) results due to U. parvum meningitis were retrospectively analyzed. A literature review was conducted to identify relevant studies reporting on neonatal U. parvum meningitis published until May 2025. A male infant born at 35+2 weeks of gestation with eight hours of premature rupture of membranes (PROM) was admitted at 17 days of age with persistent fever. The routine blood test was normal, while the CSF suggested purulent meningitis. Empirical treatment was ineffective, and metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) of CSF confirmed U. parvum meningitis. The infant recovered after three weeks of azithromycin treatment, but a language delay was found at two-year follow-up. The literature review identified 16 previously reported cases of U. parvum meningitis, which were combined with the current case, totaling 17 cases. Main manifestations included fever and convulsions, or initial circulatory and respiratory symptoms. CSF in the included studies showed leukocytosis, decreased glucose, and elevated protein. Diagnosis was mainly based on mNGS, and the predominant treatment consisted of macrolides, sometimes combined with quinolones, for 3-10 weeks. Two patients relapsed after drug withdrawal, and one had elevated liver enzymes. Major neurological complications included lateral ventricular dilatation and hydrocephalus, cerebral hemorrhage, infarction, malacia, and herniation. Most cases had a favorable prognosis, with rare developmental delay. Clinical manifestations of neonatal U. parvum meningitis are nonspecific. Some patients present with normal blood routine but purulent CSF. U. parvum meningitis should be suspected in patients with poor response to empirical antibiotics and confirmed by CSF mNGS. Macrolides are biologically rational and commonly used for neonatal U. parvum meningitis; however, the optimal regimen and duration remain unclear due to limited and heterogeneous case-based evidence.
Sengupta Mallika M, R S Sreeram S, Parvin Sunitaj S, Chatterjee Shiv S SS et al.
Background Fluoroquinolone resistance among Salmonella isolates causing enteric fever has emerged as a major therapeutic challenge in India. The present study evaluated the clinical profile, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and genomic mechanisms of fluoroquinolone resistance among Salmonella isolates from a tertiary care centre in Eastern India. Methods This retrospective observational study included 30 patients with blood culture-confirmed enteric fever between January 2023 and December 2025. Blood cultures were processed using the BacT/ALERT system (bioMérieux, France), and isolates were identified by standard biochemical tests and VITEK 2 Compact (bioMérieux). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method as per the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Bacterial whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed for two representative isolates, and resistance determinants were identified using NCBI databases. Results The median age of patients was 14.75 years with male predominance (73.3%). Salmonella Typhi accounted for 56.7% of isolates, followed by Salmonella Paratyphi A (43.3%). Fluoroquinolone resistance was observed in 63.3% of isolates. However, all isolates remained susceptible to ceftriaxone, azithromycin, chloramphenicol, cotrimoxazole and carbapenems. WGS revealed gyrA (S83F, D87N), parC (S80I) and qnrS1-mediated resistance in one isolate, while another demonstrated efflux-mediated resistance without quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) mutations. Conclusion The study highlights persistent fluoroquinolone resistance among Salmonella isolates causing enteric fever, alongside preserved susceptibility to cephalosporins, azithromycin and conventional first-line drugs. Continuous antimicrobial surveillance and genomic monitoring are essential to guide effective therapy and antimicrobial stewardship.
Shahanaz Eshita E, Montemayor Alicia A, Lyons Brandon B, Kaufman Phillip P et al.
Synanthropic flies are recognized as mobile reservoirs of enteric foodborne pathogens, yet their utility as antimicrobial resistance (AMR) sentinels within livestock production systems remains under-explored. This study aimed recovered the enteric foodborne pathogen Salmonella enterica from whole-body fly homogenates and characterized phenotypic AMR patterns across sampled Texas counties differing by livestock production intensity groups (low, medium, and high). Each livestock intensity group consisted of two counties. Flies were collected from five sampling locations throughout each county at multiple distances (0-15 km) from a designated epicenter. Collected flies were identified to at least family level, homogenized and then screened for Salmonella. Pathogens were biochemically presumptively confirmed molecularly. Confirmed pathogens were subjected to serotyping and phenotypic AMR screening. Besides descriptive statistical analyses, logistic regression evaluated associations between individual counties, Salmonella serovar, and AMR patterns. Overall, 89/230 samples (38.7%) yielded confirmed Salmonella. Elevated AMR frequencies for isolated Salmonella were observed for tetracycline (77.5%), streptomycin (61.8%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (56.2%), azithromycin (39.3%), and cefoxitin (41.6%) across sampled counties. Heatmaps revealed clear spatial differences in AMR patterns. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) analysis showed counties Go and S, both belonging to the high livestock intensity group, and the antimicrobial tetracycline were strongly associated (FDR p < 0.05) with the occurrence of AMR in Salmonella isolated from flies. Synanthropic flies demonstrated the presence of variability in Salmonella AMR patterns, and thus may be a useful sentinel for surveiling localized differences in AMR patterns of human pathogens in food animal production environments.
Lv Yi Y, Ye Chen C, Cao Huanhuan H, Zhang Chun C et al.
Peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis (PDAP) caused by Ureaplasma parvum (U. parvum) is exceedingly rare, and its diagnosis is particularly challenging due to the organism's biological characteristics and the limitations of conventional detection methods. To date, only sporadic case reports are available, but the diagnostic processes and clinical characteristics of PDAP caused by U. parvum infection have not been comprehensively reported yet. We report a 35-year-old female patient undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) who experienced three episodes of peritonitis within a six-month period. Despite empirical antibiotic therapy leading to clinical improvement, routine microbiological cultures of the dialysate remained negative during each episode. During the third episode, metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) of the peritoneal dialysis (PD) effluent finally detected U. parvum as the causative pathogen. Following removing a potential risk factor, an intrauterine device (IUD), and adjusting the antimicrobial therapy to intraperitoneal (IP) levofloxacin and oral azithromycin, the patient achieved complete recovery and successfully resumed PD. Based on this experience, we documented the characteristic clinical profile of such infections and proposed an exploratory clinical diagnosis and treatment flowchart. Patients with recurrent culture-negative PDAP, especially female with an IUD, should be evaluated for U. parvum infection as a potential pathogen. mNGS facilitates the rapid detection of pathogens that traditional methods may fail to identify. Effective management of such infections necessitates not only targeted antimicrobial therapy guided by precise pathogen identification, but also the removal of potential risk factors such as the IUD.
McDonald Vanessa M VM, Gibson Peter G PG
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