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AZ

azithromycin (Azimac)

✓ Approved

Beijing Holley-Cotec Pharma · Small Molecule · Small Molecule

What is azithromycin?

azithromycin is a small molecule developed by Beijing Holley-Cotec Pharma. It is approved for therapeutic indications via oral (po).

Drug Profile

Brand NamesAzimac
CompanyBeijing Holley-Cotec Pharma
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
RouteOral (PO)
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Beijing Holley-Cotec Pharma

Therapeutic Indications

azithromycin is developed for 8 unique indications across 3 therapeutic areas.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Infections and infestationsLower respiratory tract infection✓ Approved
Infections and infestationsOtitis media✓ Approved
Infections and infestationsSinusitis✓ Approved
Infections and infestationsTonsillitis✓ Approved
Infections and infestationsUrinary tract infection✓ Approved

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Related Research Articles

PubMedActa ophthalmologica2026-07-17

Efficacy and safety of topical macrolides versus systemic tetracyclines for meibomian gland dysfunction-a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Safir Margarita M, Chan Clara C CC, Teichman Joshua C JC, Arbel Itamar I et al.

To review the efficacy and safety of oral doxycycline antibiotics versus topical macrolides in the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). Systematic review and meta-analysis. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and ClinicalTrials.gov through December 2024 identified randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing oral tetracyclines with topical macrolides for MGD. Eligible studies reported outcomes related to tear film stability, meibomian gland function, ocular surface health, or symptom severity. Data extraction followed PRISMA guidelines and risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane methods. Among 3699 publications (1964-2024), six RCTs from distinct locations (374 patients) met inclusion criteria, describing only topical azithromycin and oral doxycycline. Treatment regimens were comparable: one month of topical azithromycin (1-1.5%, once to four times daily) versus three to 8 weeks of oral doxycycline (100-200 mg daily). Both treatments significantly improved MGD signs and symptoms. In pooled analyses, topical azithromycin showed superiority in reducing tear debris (odds ratio [OR], 0.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.15-0.74); however, while the total symptoms score favoured azithromycin, the result was borderline (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.38-1.00) and sensitivity-dependent. Subgroup analysis showed doxycycline was superior for corneal fluorescein staining (standardised mean difference [SMD], 0.64; 95% CI, 0.22-1.05), whereas 1% azithromycin was superior for tear breakup time (mean difference [MD], -1.40; 95% CI, -2.20 to -0.60) and dropout-causing adverse events (risk ratio [RR], 0.07; 95% CI, 0.01-0.49). Both topical azithromycin and oral doxycycline are effective for MGD management. Topical azithromycin demonstrated a more favourable safety profile and may represent a useful therapeutic option, particularly for patients with low tolerance to systemic medications. However, further high-quality studies are needed to strengthen the evidence base.

PMID 42464955
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PubMedInternational journal of food microbiology2026-07-17

Genomic analysis of Campylobacter risk in retail chicken isolated from Beijing in 2024.

Zhao Jianyun J, Liu Ying Y, Li Menghan M, Zheng Ruicheng R et al.

This study investigated the prevalence, genetic diversity, antimicrobial resistance, and virulence characteristics of Campylobacter spp. isolated from retail chicken carcasses in Beijing, China. Overall, Campylobacter was detected in 55.88% of samples, with significantly higher contamination in wet markets compared to supermarkets. A total of 106 non-duplicated isolates were obtained, including 59 C. jejuni and 47 C. coli, exhibiting high genetic diversity with 78 sequence types (STs) and 15 novel STs identified. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed universal resistance to fluoroquinolones and high resistance to tetracycline, while multidrug resistance was prevalent, particularly in C. coli. Genotypic analysis identified 34 resistance genes and 4 point mutations, showing generally strong genotype-phenotype correlation, although notable discrepancies were observed, especially for florfenicol and azithromycin. The health risks to humans posed by tetracycline and macrolide-lincosamide-streptomycin (MLS)-associated antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) should be given priority attention. Virulence profiling demonstrated that C. jejuni harbored significantly more virulence-associated genes than C. coli, including genes linked to Guillain-Barré syndrome, indicating a substantial potential public health risk from contaminated poultry.

PMID 42462424
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PubMedItalian journal of pediatrics2026-07-17

Clinical features and outcomes associated with macrolide resistance - associated mutations in pediatric Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.

Huang Yilan Y, Zhang Zili Z, Liang Ming M, Xu Jiaxing J et al.

To investigate the clinical characteristics of macrolide resistance - associated mutations in hospitalized children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) and to evaluate their associations with severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (SMPP) and prolonged cough. A total of 1,094 hospitalized children with MPP were retrospectively enrolled. Among them, 1,069 underwent A2063G/A2064G mutation testing, whereas 25 were not tested. Patients were classified into mutation-positive, mutation-negative, and untested groups according to mutation testing results. Clinical features, laboratory parameters, treatment profiles, and outcomes were compared among groups. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed to identify risk factors for SMPP and prolonged cough. The proportion of SMPP was higher in the mutation-positive group than in the mutation-negative group. In addition, patients in the mutation-positive group exhibited a more pronounced inflammatory response and greater immune imbalance, as reflected by increased neutrophil percentage and D - dimer levels, along with decreased CD4 and CD8 counts. Univariate analysis showed that A2063G/A2064G mutation status was associated with both SMPP and prolonged cough. However, multivariable analysis identified fibrinogen and AST as independent factors associated with SMPP, while prolonged cough was additionally associated with the duration of azithromycin and clarithromycin therapy, as well as CD8 levels. Children with macrolide resistance-associated mutations exhibited a higher inflammatory burden and a higher unadjusted proportion of SMPP. However, after adjustment, A2063G/A2064G mutation status was not independently associated with SMPP or prolonged cough. Clinical management should integrate inflammatory markers, oxygenation status, and clinical presentation for individualized monitoring and treatment.

PMID 42464300
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PubMedDiseases of aquatic organisms2026-07-16

Isolation, identification, and genomic features of Proteus mirabilis from diseased Asian arowana Scleropages formosus.

Yang Han H, Wen Siyi S, Han Zhuoran Z, Sun Jingfeng J

Proteus mirabilis is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen increasingly reported in aquatic animals; however, its pathogenic potential and genomic features in ornamental fish remain unclear. This study isolated 3 strains (WSY-112, WSY-113, and WSY-114) from diseased Asian arowana Scleropages formosus displaying hemorrhagic and ulcerative lesions. All 3 isolates were identified as P. mirabilis through physiological and biochemical characterization as well as 16S rRNA and gyrB sequencing. Strain WSY-114 was selected for further analyses, including whole-genome sequencing, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and experimental infection. Genomic annotation identified multiple virulence-related genes for flagellar assembly, adhesion, toxin production, iron acquisition, and type III/IV/VI secretion systems. Experimental infection in zebrafish Danio rerio showed dose-dependent mortality (LD50 = 6.6 × 104 CFU g-1) and clinical signs mirroring natural infections in the arowana. The strain exhibited resistance to multiple tested antibiotics, including tetracyclines (tetracycline, minocycline, and doxycycline), macrolides (erythromycin and azithromycin), and ampicillin, consistent with antibiotic-resistance genes detected in its genome. These results indicate that P. mirabilis exhibits pathogenic potential under experimental conditions and may represent a potential risk factor in ornamental fish.

PMID 42460755
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PubMedEastern Mediterranean health journal = La revue de sante de la Mediterranee orientale = al-Majallah al-sihhiyah li-sharq al-mutawassit2026-07-16

A cross-sectional study of antibiotic prescription patterns in India using the WHO AWaRe classification.

Salim Shamna S SS, Ali Althaf A, Shaffi Fazaludeen Koya Muhammed FKM, Mini G K GK et al.

Primary health centres represent the initial point of contact with the health system for most patients, and they account for a large proportion of antibiotic prescriptions in India. To evaluate the pattern of antibiotic prescriptions at a primary care centre in India based on the WHO AWaRe framework. From September to November 2024, we collected and analysed data from 525 participants who presented to the outpatient pharmacy of an urban primary health centre in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India, and received a doctor's prescription. Data collected included prescription details, demographic characteristics, disease duration, and relevant clinical history. We assessed the compliance of the prescriptions to the WHO AWaRe guidelines. One hundred and forty-six (27.8%) of the 525 prescriptions analysed contained antibiotics. Access group antibiotics accounted for 51.4% and watch group accounted for 48.6%. No reserve antibiotic was prescribed. The most frequently prescribed antibiotics were amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (34.2%), followed by azithromycin (22.6%) and ciprofloxacin (17.1%). Non-adherence to the WHO AWaRe guidelines was observed in 56.2% of cases. Our findings show lower usage of access group antibiotics than the recommended target of 70% by WHO. Stronger antimicrobial stewardship initiatives and prescriber training are needed to improve rational antibiotic use in this setting.

PMID 42460718
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PubMedBMC veterinary research2026-07-16

Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and risk factors of Salmonella in Cattle, environment, and workers at gombe township abattoir, Nigeria, with an assessment of workers' knowledge, attitudes, and practices.

Boyi Naason N, Bitrus Asinamai Athiliamai AA, Audu Benshak John BJ, James Wison Bertu WB

Abattoirs represent critical interfaces for zoonotic pathogen transmission, yet remain poorly characterized in many low-resource settings. This cross-sectional study investigated the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and risk factors of Salmonella in cattle, environment, and workers at Gombe township abattoir, Nigeria, with an assessment of workers' knowledge, attitudes, and practices. A total of 366 samples were collected from slaughtered cattle (caecal and carcass swabs), abattoir environments (slaughter floors, effluents, water for carcass washing), processing equipment (knives, tables, washing basins), and abattoir workers (hand and clothing swabs). Salmonella isolation was performed using standard cultural and biochemical methods. Overall, 47 of 366 samples (12.8%) were positive for Salmonella spp., with significant variation across sampling points (χ²=17.72, df = 9, p = 0.047). Highest contamination was recorded in effluents (22.5%) and slaughter floor swabs (21.9%). Molecular confirmation of ten representative isolates by PCR amplification of the 16 S rRNA gene yielded the expected 1500 bp product; isolates were identified as presumptive Salmonella spp. on the basis of cultural and biochemical characteristics. Resistance was predominant against ampicillin (95.7%) and azithromycin (63.8%), while ciprofloxacin (93.6%) and ceftriaxone (95.7%) retained high efficacy. MDR was detected in 76.6% of isolates. Abattoir workers showed a bimodal knowledge profile (50% good, 50% poor) and predominantly positive general hygiene attitudes (80%) and poor practices (80%). The presence of standing wastewater (OR = 4.03; 95% CI: 3.05-6.17; p = 0.028) was associated with Salmonella detection. Gombe Township Abattoir constitutes a significant reservoir of multidrug-resistant Salmonella, underscoring the urgent need for integrated One Health interventions targeting hygiene, surveillance, and antimicrobial stewardship.

PMID 42458450
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