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tafluprost + timolol maleate (Tapucom / STN 10111 / STN 1011101)

✓ Approved

Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. · ADRB1 · Small Molecule

What is tafluprost + timolol maleate?

tafluprost + timolol maleate is a small molecule developed by Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.. It is approved for therapeutic indications via others or topical.

Drug Profile

Brand NamesTapucom, STN 10111, STN 1011101
CompanySanten Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
Molecular TargetADRB1, ADRB2, PTGFR
RouteOthers, Topical
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

tafluprost + timolol maleate acts on 3 molecular targets:

ADRB1adrenoceptor beta 1 (B1AR, RHR)
ADRB2adrenoceptor beta 2 (ADRBR, B2AR)
PTGFRprostaglandin F receptor (FP)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

tafluprost + timolol maleate is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Eye disordersGlaucoma✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedJournal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA2026-10-14

Nonselective beta-blockers and hepatic encephalopathy in liver cirrhosis:A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Kuo Tai-Hui TH, Chen Yu-Jen YJ, Lee Pei-Chang PC, Yang Tsung-Chieh TC et al.

Liver cirrhosis leads to portal hypertension and related complications, including ascites, esophageal varices, and hepatic encephalopathy (HE). Non-selective beta blockers (NSBBs) decrease portal pressure, but it is not yet clear whether they contribute to HE development. Therefore, we examined the association between NSBB therapy and HE in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving patients with cirrhosis. We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and the Cochrane Library (from inception to December 31, 2024) for RCTs comparing NSBBs with a placebo, endoscopic band ligation, or injection sclerotherapy for variceal bleeding prevention in relation to HE. The risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using a random-effects model. Subgroups were defined according to the comparator, NSBB type, and hepatic function status (weighted mean Child-Pugh score ≤6 vs. >6). The risk of bias was assessed using the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2). There were 12 relevant studies, which included 775 NSBB-treated and 771 comparator patients (54 and 57 HE events). NSBB therapy was not associated with a statistically significant change in HE risk (RR 1.04, 95% CI 0.73-1.47; p = 0.84; I² = 0%). Estimates were consistent across all subgroups of hepatic function statuses (compensation, RR 1.18, 0.44-3.14; decompensation, RR 1.02, 0.70-1.48; p = 0.79), comparators (placebo, RR 1.19, 0.79-1.80; endoscopic therapy, RR 0.72, 0.38-1.39; p = 0.20), and NSBB types (propranolol/timolol, RR 1.06, 0.72-1.55; carvedilol, RR 0.95, 0.42-2.15; p = 0.82). Current evidence does not indicate a statistically significant association between NSBB therapy and HE development in patients with cirrhosis, regardless of disease severity.

PMID 42870342
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PubMedJournal of Korean medical science2026-10-13

Superior Efficacy of Besifovir in Reducing Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk Compared to Tenofovir in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients: A Nationwide Cohort Study.

Shin Yoon E YE, Kim Jae Young JY, Kim Hyuk H, Yoo Jeong-Ju JJ et al.

Besifovir dipivoxil maleate (BSV) is a novel therapeutic option for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB). However, its long-term effectiveness in reducing the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database from 2018 to 2022. A total of 32,383 patients with CHB were included (BSV, n = 2,358; tenofovir disoproxil fumarate [TDF], n = 30,025). Propensity score matching was conducted at a 1:3 ratio to minimize selection bias. The primary outcome was the incidence of HCC, with cirrhosis development as the secondary endpoint. In the overall population, 57 cases of HCC were reported in the BSV group (2,358 individuals, 5,918 person-years), while 1,268 cases of HCC were reported in the TDF group (30,025 individuals, 83,587 person-years). After propensity score matching, the incidence of HCC was significantly lower in the BSV group (9.63 per 1,000 person-years; 95% confidence interval [CI], 7.43-12.49) than in the TDF group (15.36 per 1,000 person-years; 95% CI, 13.72-17.18), with an incidence rate ratio of 1.59 (P = 0.001). This protective effect remained consistent in both cirrhotic (hazard ratio [HR], 1.609; P = 0.028) and non-cirrhotic subgroups (HR, 1.831; P = 0.002). BSV treatment demonstrated superior efficacy in reducing the risk of HCC compared to TDF, regardless of baseline cirrhosis status. These findings suggest that BSV may provide enhanced protection against HCC in patients with CHB.

PMID 42865284
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PubMedRevista peruana de medicina experimental y salud publica2026-10-13

Hampi Tariki Kit: thin-layer chromatography for semiquantitative screening of solid oral medicines in Peru.

Mónico-Rosales Gladys M GM, Mostacero-Rodríguez Fredy R FR, Quispe-Paitán B Rosa BR, Rodríguez-Calzado E Javier EJ et al.

To develop and validate rapid thin-layer chromatography (TLC) methods integrated into the Hampi Tariki kit for the semiquantitative screening of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in oral solid medications marketed in Peru. Eight TLC methods were developed and validated for tablets and capsules containing acyclovir, dicloxacillin, dimenhydrinate, ibuprofen, diclofenac sodium, paracetamol, norfloxacin, phenazopyridine hydrochloride, chlorphenamine maleate, and phenylephrine hydrochloride. Fifty-seven commercial samples available in the national market, from different manufacturing laboratories, including branded and generic products previously verified as compliant by official methods at the Centro Nacional de Control de Calidad (CNCC) of the Instituto Nacional de Salud (INS), were evaluated. Silica gel 60 F254 plates, reference standards, and analytical grade solvents were used. Validation was performed according to ICH Q2(R1) guideline, evaluating selectivity, linearity, precision, accuracy, visual detection limit, and robustness. The methods allowed for visual and densitometric differentiation of levels equivalent to 80%, 100%, and 120% of the declared content. Retention factor (Rf ) values were between 0.20 and 0.85, and multicomponent formulations presented chromatographic resolution ≥1.0. Correlation coefficients were greater than 0.99 for system and method linearity; repeatability showed coefficients of variation less than 3.0%, intermediate precision less than 5.0%, and bias against high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) remained within the ±3.00% range. Deliberate variations evaluated in robustness did not produce significant changes in Rf values. The developed methods demonstrated adequate analytical performance as rapid semiquantitative screening tests. Integrated into the Hampi Tariki kit, they constitute a proposal with potential to support the preliminary identification of suspicious samples and prioritize their confirmation by HPLC or other official methods.

PMID 42867952
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PubMedBulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology2026-10-12

Biochemical, Genotoxic and Somatic responses of Oreochromis Niloticus Exposed to Enalapril Maleate in Water.

da Silva Allana Kiara Peretti AKP, Colaço Otávio Augusto Wolff OAW, Mannes Yorrannys Y, Ramsdorf Wanessa Algarte WA

Pharmaceutical residues are increasingly detected in aquatic environments; however, information regarding the ecotoxicological effects of antihypertensive drugs such as enalapril maleate remains limited, particularly in fish. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of aqueous exposure to EM on somatic, biochemical, and genotoxic biomarkers in Oreochromis niloticus under controlled laboratory conditions. A 21-day subchronic bioassay was conducted using fish exposed to EM-contaminated water at nominal concentrations of 100, 500, 1000, and 2000 µg/L, alongside a control group. Genotoxic effects were evaluated using the comet assay and micronucleus test, while biochemical biomarkers - including acetylcholinesterase, catalase, glutathione S-transferase, and lipid peroxidation - were assessed to investigate oxidative stress and potential neurotoxicity. Somatic condition was also analyzed as an indicator of overall organism health. The results demonstrated genotoxic effects, evidenced by DNA damage. Biochemical analyses revealed alterations consistent with oxidative stress and potential neurotoxic responses, while somatic indices showed minor but detectable health changes. Although the observed damage levels were relatively low, these findings indicate that continuous exposure to EM and its byproducts can induce sublethal physiological disturbances with potential long-term consequences for aquatic organisms. Overall, this study highlights the relevance of ecotoxicological monitoring of EM in aquatic systems. The observed biological responses underscore its potential ecological risk, and future studies should incorporate preliminary stability assessments and evaluate long-term effects and degradation products to better understand the environmental impact of this antihypertensive drug.

PMID 42862340
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PubMedJournal of orthopaedic surgery (Hong Kong)2026-10-11

Osteoporosis risk in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma using muscarinic and prostaglandin agonists: A retrospective cohort study.

Bisiani Joseph J, Zhu Jonathan J, Lynch Brian B

BackgroundGlaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) arising as the most common subtype. Recent studies have shown that muscarinic and prostaglandin pathways can modulate bone remodeling under systemic, context-dependent conditions. M3 muscarinic receptor activation has been linked to increased bone formation and decreased resorption, whereas continuous prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) administration inhibits bone resorption, with intermittent use inducing bone formation. Given the minimal systemic findings of topical ophthalmic medications, the clinical relevance of bone remodeling effects for patients treated with glaucoma eye drops, particularly in regard to osteoporosis, remains uncertain and warrants evaluation.Patients and MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted using the TriNetX network with approximately 100 million de-identified electronic medical records. Cohorts included POAG patients prescribed either prostaglandin analogs (e.g. latanoprost, bimatoprost, travoprost, tafluprost) without muscarinic agonist use, or muscarinic M3 agonists (e.g. pilocarpine, carbachol) without prostaglandin analog use. Propensity score matching was performed for age, sex, comorbidities, and concurrent glaucoma medications to limit possible cofounders. The outcome was defined as a diagnosis of osteoporosis without current pathological fracture (ICD code M81). Risk ratios (RR), odd ratios (OR), and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.ResultsAfter matching, each cohort included 6,743 patients. The incidence of osteoporosis is 13.3% in the prostaglandin cohort and 8.9% in the muscarinic cohort. Prostaglandin agonist use was associated with a statistically significant increase in osteoporosis risk (RR = 0.67, 95% CI 0.60-0.73; OR = 0.63, 95% CI 0.57-0.71; p < 0.0001).ConclusionProstaglandin agonist use was associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis compared with muscarinic agonist therapy in POAG patients. These findings suggest potential systemic effects (e.g. changes to bone health) of prostaglandin agonist use beyond previously known local, ocular effects and highlight the importance of considering osteoporosis risk in glaucoma management.

PMID 42859920
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PubMedActa paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)2026-10-10

Oral Propranolol Versus Topical Timolol for the Treatment of Infantile Haemangiomas: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Weng Liwen L, Zuo Hongli H, Zhao Min M, Dong Jialin J

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of oral propranolol versus topical timolol for the treatment of superficial infantile haemangiomas. We systematically searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science and China National Knowledge Infrastructure from inception to April 23, 2026. Only randomized controlled trials comparing oral propranolol with topical timolol for superficial infantile haemangiomas were included. Two reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data and assessed risk of bias using the Cochrane risk of bias 2.0 tool. The primary outcomes were overall response rate and incidence of systemic adverse events. Pooled risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using fixed-effect models. Seven randomized controlled trials comprising 428 infants were included. Topical timolol was comparable to oral propranolol in overall response rate (RR = 1.09, 95% CI 0.97-1.23, p = 0.17; I2 = 0%). Topical timolol significantly reduced the risk of systemic adverse events compared with oral propranolol (RR = 0.35, 95% CI 0.20-0.59, p < 0.0001; I2 = 9%). Topical timolol demonstrates comparable efficacy to oral propranolol for superficial infantile haemangiomas and has a significantly superior safety profile with a 65% reduction in systemic adverse events.

PMID 42855991
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