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tafluprost + timolol maleate (Tapucom / STN 10111 / STN 1011101)

✓ Approved

Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. · ADRB1 · Small Molecule

What is tafluprost + timolol maleate?

tafluprost + timolol maleate is a small molecule developed by Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.. It is approved for therapeutic indications via others or topical.

Drug Profile

Brand NamesTapucom, STN 10111, STN 1011101
CompanySanten Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
Molecular TargetADRB1, ADRB2, PTGFR
RouteOthers, Topical
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

tafluprost + timolol maleate acts on 3 molecular targets:

ADRB1adrenoceptor beta 1 (B1AR, RHR)
ADRB2adrenoceptor beta 2 (ADRBR, B2AR)
PTGFRprostaglandin F receptor (FP)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

tafluprost + timolol maleate is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Eye disordersGlaucoma✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedPest management science2026-08-28

The I4746K mutation in the ryanodine receptor is associated with high-level resistance to diamide insecticides in Phthorimaea absoluta.

Atış Abdullah Emre AE, Gündüz Kübra Kahveci KK, Yılmazlar Alize A, İnak Emre E et al.

The South American tomato pinworm, Phthorimaea absoluta, has developed resistance to diamide insecticides mainly through target-site mutations in the ryanodine receptor (RyR), including I4746M, G4903E, and G4903V. Recently, a novel mutation, I4746K, has been identified in field populations of P. absoluta, but its contribution to resistance remains unclear. In this study, a field population (TR-Krş-21) harboring the I4746K mutation exhibited 116.65-fold resistance to chlorantraniliprole (CHL). After six rounds of laboratory selection with CHL, resistance increased to 1109.94-fold (CHL-Sel), with a realized heritability of 0.58. Resistance remained stable for 1 year without insecticide exposure, and genetic analyses indicated that it is autosomal, incompletely dominant, and polygenic. Cross-resistance was observed among diamide insecticides, but not to abamectin or broflanilide. Synergist bioassays with piperonyl butoxide and diethyl maleate showed that inhibition of detoxification enzymes did not fully restore susceptibility. CHL selection resulted in a positive correlation between I4746K allele frequency and resistance, and genetic linkage analysis confirmed a significant association between the mutation and the resistant phenotype. Modeling and molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the I4746K substitution reshapes ligand-receptor interactions without markedly reducing overall binding affinity. Finally, a quantitative sequencing protocol and a tetra-primer amplification-refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction assay were developed for rapid detection of the I4746K mutation. This study emphasizes the significance of the I4746K mutation in diamide resistance and offers valuable insights into how this mutation variably influences the binding of diamide insecticides, thereby informing strategies for resistance management in P. absoluta. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.

PMID 42663378
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PubMedGenes2026-08-27

Exploratory Analysis of Glaucoma-Associated SNPs in a Colombian Cohort Highlights Potential Involvement of Oxidative, Vascular, and Neurodegenerative Pathways.

Casanova Carlos C, Valencia-Peña Claudia C, Saldarriaga-Gil Wilmar W, Lozano-Cruz Edgar E et al.

Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a complex multifactorial optic neuropathy involving genetic, vascular, oxidative, inflammatory, and neurodegenerative mechanisms. Despite advances in genome-wide studies, the contribution of genetic variants remains incompletely characterized in underrepresented Latin American populations. This study aimed to characterize the genetic landscape of POAG in a Colombian cohort by identifying previously reported glaucoma-associated variants, rare candidate variants, and pharmacogenomic markers and integrating these findings into biologically relevant pathways. An exploratory descriptive study was conducted in 21 Colombian patients with confirmed POAG. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed at an average sequencing depth of approximately 100×. Variants were quality-filtered, functionally annotated, and prioritized within 446 POAG-associated genes retrieved from DisGeNET. Previously reported glaucoma-associated variants and rare candidate variants were identified, while pharmacogenomic variants related to latanoprost and timolol response were evaluated using ClinPGx/PharmGKB. Identified genes were classified according to major biological pathways relevant to glaucoma pathophysiology. Of the 446 POAG-associated genes, 381 were detected in the patients' exomes. A total of 10,220 molecular variants were identified, of which 1,187 synonymous variants were excluded, leaving 9,033 variants for downstream analysis. Among these, 955 were non-synonymous SNVs, including 26 variants previously reported in association with glaucoma and 929 potentially novel coding variants. Previously reported variants included loci in SIX6, LOXL1, CYP1B1, NOS3, and SOD2. Two rare candidate variants (minor allele frequency <1%) were identified in FMNL2 and C3. Pharmacogenomic variants in PTGS1, ADRB1, and ABCC4 with potential implications for response to latanoprost or timolol were also detected. Functional integration highlighted pathways involving oxidative stress, extracellular matrix remodeling, vascular regulation, neurodegeneration, and inflammation. This exploratory analysis identifies known glaucoma-associated variants, rare candidate variants, and pharmacogenomic markers in Colombian patients with POAG. The findings support a multifactorial biological framework involving interconnected oxidative, structural, vascular, neurodegenerative, and inflammatory pathways. The FMNL2 and C3 variants represent candidates for further investigation, while the identified pharmacogenomic variants highlight the potential relevance of genomic profiling for personalized glaucoma management. Larger ancestry-informed case-control studies are required to validate these observations and determine their clinical significance.

PMID 42650112
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PubMedInternational journal of molecular sciences2026-08-27

Low-Molecular-Weight Peptides from Musca domestica Larvae Alleviate Diarrhea-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome Comorbid with Depression via Regulating Gut Microbiota, Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Serum Metabolism.

Zhang Xiao X, Jin Xiaobao X, Ma Hongyan H, Chu Fujiang F

Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) frequently occurs alongside depression, greatly impairing patients' life quality, with limited targeted treatments. Low-molecular-weight peptides (LMWPs) from Musca domestica larvae exert gut-protective bioactivities, but their efficacy and molecular mechanisms for comorbid IBS-D and depression remain unelucidated. A chronic-acute combined stress (CACS)-induced rat model of IBS-D complicated with depression was established and treated with LMWPs. The study evaluated intestinal and depressive behavioral phenotypes, and integrated 16S rRNA sequencing, untargeted serum metabolomics and quantitative detection of fecal SCFAs for multi-omics correlation analysis. 1. CACS triggered typical comorbid symptoms, which LMWPs alleviated with effects similar to trimebutine maleate. 2. LMWP treatment was associated with reshaped gut microbiota, restored metabolic pathways, altered levels of 27 disease-associated serum metabolites, and increased fecal SCFA levels. 3. Multi-omics correlation analyses suggested that the therapeutic benefits may involve crosstalk among gut microbiota, SCFAs, and tryptophan metabolites. Larva-derived LMWP relieves IBS-D combined with depression by modulating gut microecology, SCFA generation and serum metabolic balance through the gut-brain axis, which can serve as a novel promising therapeutic candidate.

PMID 42653419
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PubMedJournal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan2026-08-25

Effects of Biling Weitong granules on gastrointestinal motility and gastrointestinal hormones levels in rats with functional dyspepsia.

Lige Gao G, Xueyi L I LI, Feiyu Chen C, Changyu Jiang J et al.

To investigate the effects of Biling Weitong granules on gastrointestinal motility and serum mouse motilin/human vasoactive intestinal peptide (MTL/VIP) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit levels in functional dyspepsia (FD) rat models, and explore its therapeutic mechanisms against FD to provide further clinical application data. Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into blank group (BG) and model group (MG). FD was induced in MG via30-d chronic unpredictable stress. After successful modeling, the model rats were divided into MG BG, Biling Weitong granules low/middle/high-dose (BL/BM/BH), and trimebutine maleate (TM) groups (n = 7/group) for 14-d treatments. At the end of the gavage, General parameters (body weight, food intake), gastrointestinal motility indices (gastric emptying and small intestinal propulsion rates), serum MTL/VIP levels, and gastric antrum histopathology were analyzed using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. After 30 d of modeling, compared with the BG group, rats in the MG group presented FD-like symptoms such as lethargy and irritability, along with significantly decreased body weight and food intake (P < 0.05). The gastric emptying rate and small intestinal propulsion rate were significantly reduced (P < 0.01), and the serum MTL content significantly decreased (P < 0.01). Serum VIP levels were significantly increased (P < 0.01). After 14 d of treatment, compared with the MG group, rats in the BL, BM, BH, and TM groups exhibited improved general condition, with significantly increased body weight and food intake (P < 0.05); significantly faster gastric emptying rate and small intestinal propulsion rate (P < 0.01); and significantly higher serum MTL content (P < 0.01). The serum VIP levels were significantly decreased (P < 0.01). There were no significant differences in body weight or food intake between the BM group and BH group (P > 0.05). Consistently, there were no significant differences in gastric emptying rate, small intestinal propulsion rate, or serum MTL and VIP contents between the BH and TM groups (P > 0.05). HE staining revealed no marked changes in the gastric antrum tissues of the BG, MG, or drug groups. Biling Weitong granules can modulate the levels of the gastrointestinal hormones MTL and VIP in FD rats, promote gastric emptying and small intestinal propulsion, improve the gastrointestinal motility and mental status of FD rats, and alleviate the symptoms of FD, accounting for its efficacy against FD.

PMID 42639771
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PubMedAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)2026-08-24

Tailored Stereo-Configuration of Crosslinkable Polyester-Based Solid Polymer Electrolytes for All-Solid-State and Binder-Free Li Metal Batteries.

Song Hyun Jun HJ, Kim Jeong Yoon JY, Hong Sungpyo S, Kim Yong Hui YH et al.

By harnessing stereoisomerism in unsaturated polyesters, we elucidate how subtle structural variations impact Li+ solvation structures by modulating free volume, Li+ diffusivity, and lithium salt dissociation within solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs). The intrinsic reactivity of C═C bonds along the polymeric backbones is further exploited via a facile UV-curing approach to construct robust three-dimensional polymeric networks that impart mechanical robustness and preferential restriction of TFSI- mobility relative to Li+ transport. The distorted conformation of poly(n-pentyl maleate) (PPM) leads to sparsely crosslinked structures, preserving efficient Li+ transport pathways. Furthermore, end-group fluorination enhances interfacial stability by facilitating the formation of a LiF-rich solid electrolyte interphase. These synergistic design strategies culminate in a crosslinked PPM-based SPE (XL-PPM-3F-Li) featuring one CF3 end-capping group, which exhibits remarkable electrochemical durability in both Li||Li symmetric and LFP full-cell configurations. Furthermore, this advantage is extended to the device level by integrating binder, electrolyte, and separator into a single ultrathin (∼"5 µm-thick") crosslinked SPE that conformally interfaces with the electrode microstructure. This integrated configuration markedly lowers interfacial and charge-transfer resistance, enabling 65% of the initial reversible capacity at 2 C and 93.6% retention after 100 cycles at 0.5 C (60°C). Overall, this crosslinking-enabled unified architecture establishes a robust strategy for ultra-stable solid-state lithium-metal batteries.

PMID 42635635
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PubMedRSC advances2026-08-13

Comparative assessment of potato starch dissolution and functionalization in conventional and water-modified deep eutectic solvents.

El Farkhani Mohamed M, Azougagh Omar O, El Miz Mohamed M, El Barkany Soufian S et al.

Native starch is insoluble in most conventional organic solvents because of its semi-crystalline structure stabilized by extensive hydrogen bonding, which limits homogeneous chemical modification. In this study, two deep eutectic solvents (DESs) based on benzyltriethylammonium bromide (BTEAB)/urea and BTEAB/urea containing 10 wt% water (DES-H2O) were developed as environmentally friendly media for starch dissolution and subsequent esterification with maleic anhydride. The DESs acted simultaneously as solvent, reaction medium, and catalyst, eliminating the need for additional catalysts or volatile organic solvents. The water-containing DES exhibited superior starch dissolution efficiency, dissolving up to 16 wt% starch at 70 °C. Structural characterization by XRD confirmed the disruption of the native crystalline structure and the formation of an amorphous material after DES treatment. Successful esterification was verified by FTIR-ATR and NMR analyses through the appearance of characteristic maleate ester signals. SEM observations revealed significant morphological changes following dissolution and modification, while thermal analysis showed reduced thermal stability associated with starch functionalization. These results demonstrate that water-modified BTEAB/urea DESs provide an efficient and sustainable platform for the homogeneous dissolution and esterification of starch under mild conditions.

PMID 42591705
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