Drug Database
GR

granulocyte colony stimulating factor (Hebervital)

✓ Approved

Heber Biotec · CSF3 · Recombinant Proteins

What is granulocyte colony stimulating factor?

granulocyte colony stimulating factor is a recombinant proteins developed by Heber Biotec. It is approved for therapeutic indications via injectable (others).

Drug Profile

Brand NamesHebervital
CompanyHeber Biotec
Drug ClassRecombinant Proteins
Molecular TargetCSF3
RouteInjectable (Others)
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Heber Biotec

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

granulocyte colony stimulating factor acts on 1 molecular target:

CSF3colony stimulating factor 3 (GCSF, CSF3OS)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

granulocyte colony stimulating factor is developed for 2 unique indications across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Blood and lymphatic system disordersNeutropenia✓ Approved
Blood and lymphatic system disordersBone marrow disorder✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedJournal of microbiological methods2026-08-30

Development of an A7G variant of recombinant human G-CSF for improved fibroblast-mediated wound healing.

Thota Sujani S, Myneni Praveen P, Venkateswarulu T C TC

Recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rh-G-CSF) is useful in tissue regeneration due to its angiogenic and anti-inflammatory actions. The current study focused on the downstream process of A7G mutant rh-G-CSF (m-rh-G-CSF) and the effects of m-rh-G-CSF on human fibroblasts. The m-rh-G-CSF was purified and had 97.24% purity, a final protein concentration of 0.814 g/L and a molecular weight of 18,784 Da. The addition of m-rh-G-CSF significantly elevated the ATP level in the treated cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The maximal ATP level was achieved at a concentration of 2.5 μg/mL and was 89% higher than in the control cells and 13% higher than in reference rh-G-CSF. In the scratch-wound assay, 92.67% and 98.69% wound closure were observed at 24 and 48 h after the addition of m-rh-G-CSF, respectively, compared with 49.93% in control cells at 48 h. These findings support the potential of m-rh-G-CSF as a therapeutic candidate for fibroblast-mediated wound healing.

PMID 42669396
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PubMedBehavioural processes2026-08-30

Caste Dimorphism in Necrophoric Behaviour of Oecophylla smaragdina (Fabricius): Implications for Colony Hygiene and Disease Management.

Duru Patrick Tobechukwu PT, Gambari Lukman Idowu LI, Patience Okafor Ndidiamaka ON, Thevan Kumara K et al.

Social immunity in eusocial insects involves collective behavioural mechanisms that reduce pathogen transmission within colonies. In ants, necrophoric behaviour plays an important role in colony hygiene; however, the relationship between caste-specific morphology, sensory structures, and hygienic performance remains poorly understood in Oecophylla smaragdina. This study investigated caste differences in necrophoric behaviour, morphometric traits, and antennal sensilla morphology in major and minor workers of O. smaragdina using behavioural assays, morphometric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Linear mixed-effects model analysis revealed significant caste-dependent differences in corpse detection latency, colony included as a random effect. Minor workers detected corpses significantly faster than major workers across all five colonies, exhibiting mean detection latencies of 40.20 ± 13.32s to 50.60 ± 9.13s, compared to 122.40 ± 14.03s to 143.80 ± 17.78s in major workers. Morphometric analyses showed that major workers possessed significantly larger body dimensions than minor workers across all measured traits. SEM examination revealed distinct caste-specific variation in antennal and mandibular structures. Minor workers exhibited higher total antennal sensillar counts (117) compared to major workers (94), whereas sensilla in majors appeared comparatively larger. These findings suggest that sensory and morphological specialization may contribute to caste-specific hygienic roles and division of labour in O. smaragdina.

PMID 42669387
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PubMedThe Journal of veterinary medical science2026-08-30

Fungal dermatitis associated with Nannizziopsis arthrosporioides in two diplodactylid geckos (Correlophus ciliatus and Rhacodactylus auriculatus).

Nagao Junpei J, Hosoya Tsuyoshi T, Nam Kyung-Ok KO, Ishiyama Genki G et al.

This report describes fungal dermatitis in a breeding colony of diplodactylid geckos (Correlophus ciliatus and Rhacodactylus auriculatus). Following the introduction of one gecko, the introduced gecko and two with indirect contact died with severe skin lesions. Subsequently, four geckos developed diarrhea, melena, emaciation, and dermatitis and died. Histopathologically, all cases showed necrotizing dermatitis with filamentous fungi. Nannizziopsis arthrosporioides was isolated and identified from two geckos, and these two animals were definitively diagnosed with a fatal cutaneous fungal infection caused by N. arthrosporioides. This is the first report of such cases in diplodactylid geckos in Japan. From an epidemiological perspective, we inferred that an outbreak caused by this fungus had occurred in a colony.

PMID 42669518
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PubMedMedical mycology journal2026-08-30

Development of a Visual Assay Based on Colony Diameter Measurement for Drug Susceptibility Testing of Poorly Sporulating Fungi.

Toyotome Takahito T, Watanabe Akira A, Ban Sayaka S, Yaguchi Takashi T

Antifungal susceptibility testing is essential for guiding the clinical management of fungal infections. However, the standard method for broth dilution testing of filamentous fungi requires spore suspensions and is therefore unsuitable for poorly sporulating fungal species or strains. Some Aspergillus lentulus strains sporulate poorly, and Schizophyllum commune is a clinically relevant non-sporulating fungus for which preparing homogeneous inocula remains challenging. In this study, we developed an agar‑based visual assay to evaluate relative growth inhibition without requiring spores. Using 6‑well plates containing varying concentrations of itraconazole (ITCZ) or voriconazole (VRCZ), the colony diameters of A. lentulus and S. commune were measured after 24 hours and 48 hours, respectively, and normalized to those of the drug‑free control. A. lentulus exhibited clear growth inhibition at 0.25 µg/mL ITCZ, but further increases in concentration did not result in proportionally greater inhibition under the present assay conditions. In contrast, VRCZ markedly and dose‑dependently reduced colony diameter, resulting in only < 10% growth at 4 µg/mL. ITCZ susceptibility varied widely among S. commune strains, whereas VRCZ consistently inhibited growth at concentrations ≥ 1 µg/mL. These susceptibility patterns aligned with previously reported minimum inhibitory concentration ranges for both species. Notably, our method also accommodated slow‑growing strains and allowed extended incubation when necessary. Although not directly comparable to standardized minimum inhibitory concentration methods, our agar‑based assay provides a practical and visually interpretable means to assess drug susceptibility in A. lentulus and S. commune under the tested conditions.

PMID 42669477
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PubMedImmunobiology2026-08-30

The Sesn2/Nrf2 axis suppresses oxidative stress and pyroptosis-associated signaling in LPS/nigericin-challenged alveolar macrophages.

Zhang Qiong Q, Zhou Guanlin G, Gao Chunming C, Jia Sen S et al.

Pyroptosis is a key mechanism driving immune imbalance in sepsis, while the stress-induced protein Sestrin 2 (Sesn2) and Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) are core regulators of antioxidant defense. No existing studies have clarified the interactive regulatory effect of the Sesn2/Nrf2 axis on pyroptosis in alveolar macrophages. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the regulatory mechanism of the Sesn2/Nrf2 axis on pyroptosis and oxidative stress in LPS/nigericin-challenged alveolar macrophages, providing a theoretical basis for further understanding of sepsis. Bioinformatics analysis involved screening differentially expressed genes in sepsis from the Gene Expression Omnibus dataset GSE185263, intersecting them with genes related to pyroptosis and ferroptosis, constructing a protein-protein interaction network, and identifying core genes. An inflammatory injury model was established in the mouse alveolar macrophage cell line MH-S by stimulating cells with LPS and nigericin. Interventions were performed using siRNA to knock down Sesn2 and plasmids to overexpress Nrf2. Cell viability, oxidative stress markers, expression of pyroptosis-related molecules, and secretion of inflammatory cytokines were measured. SESN2 as a key gene common to sepsis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis. The Sesn2/Nrf2 signaling axis significantly enhanced the cell viability of MH-S cells after inflammatory injury, increased Superoxide Dismutase activity and Glutathione levels, and reduced reactive oxygen species and Lactate Dehydrogenase levels. Simultaneously, this axis suppressed the expression of pyroptosis-related inflammasomes (NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3, Absent in melanoma 2) and key execution proteins (Gasdermin D, Cleaved Caspase-1, Caspase-4), and reduced the secretion of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-18, and TNF-α. Sesn2 and Nrf2 exhibited mutual positive regulation in macrophages following inflammatory injury. In vitro cell model studies indicate that the Sesn2/Nrf2 axis synergistically suppresses oxidative stress and pyroptosis-associated signaling in LPS/nigericin-challenged alveolar macrophages, suggesting that this axis may represent a potential target warranting further investigation in in vivo models.

PMID 42669253
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PubMedEcology and evolution2026-08-30

High Genetic Connectivity and Weak Structure Shape Australian White Ibis Metapopulation Dynamics Across an Urban Coastal Landscape.

Potvin Dominique A DA, Webb Angela G AG, Fonseca Tatiana Wendy TW, Gorring Jessica J et al.

Urbanisation reshapes habitat structure, resource availability, and movement pathways for many wildlife species, often creating novel selective pressures and management challenges. The Australian white ibis (Threskiornis molucca) has rapidly expanded from its historic range into eastern Australian cities, causing some conflicts with people, yet the genetic and demographic processes underpinning this shift remain poorly understood. We used SNP-based genomic data from 184 individuals sampled across 15 colonies in the Moreton Bay City region of Southeast Queensland to investigate population structure, genetic diversity, inbreeding, dispersal, and landscape resistance. Genetic diversity was moderate across colonies (H e 0.134-0.166; H o 0.084-0.145), and pairwise F ST values were uniformly low (< 0.14), consistent with widespread gene flow, though two colonies exhibited elevated inbreeding (F IS ≤ 0.28), suggesting local dispersal constraints. Kinship analyses confirmed both within- and cross-colony sibling and parental relatedness, providing direct evidence of recent interbreeding and movement. We found a balanced sex ratio and no evidence of sex-biased dispersal. Landscape resistance models revealed that genetic differentiation was only weakly associated with habitat variables, a striking contrast to many urban adaptation studies where anthropogenic features typically fragment populations. This suggests that urban development may paradoxically facilitate connectivity for this species by creating a network of resource-rich foraging and breeding colonies that promote movement. Together, these results demonstrate that ibis in this region form a single, interconnected population with high gene flow and demographic resilience, rather than a classic metapopulation. Management seeking to minimise human-ibis conflict therefore requires coordinated, landscape-scale strategies addressing resource availability and inter-site movement, rather than colony-specific approaches alone.

PMID 42668815
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