AbbVie, Inc. · ESR1
estrogen is a therapeutic agent developed by AbbVie, Inc.. It is approved for therapeutic indications via oral (po).
| Brand Names | Estratab, esterified estrogen, Menest |
| Company | AbbVie, Inc. |
| Molecular Target | ESR1 |
| Route | Oral (PO) |
| Status | Approved |
estrogen acts on 1 molecular target:
| ESR1 | estrogen receptor 1 (ER, ESR) |
estrogen is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.
| Therapeutic Area | Condition | Phase |
|---|---|---|
| Surgical and medical procedures | Hormone replacement therapy | ✓ Approved |
Iaconis Antonella A, Cordaro Marika M
Endometriosis is a chronic, estrogen-dependent inflammatory disease primarily associated with pelvic pain, infertility, and fatigue, as well as gastrointestinal symptoms, resulting in a significant reduction in quality of life [...].
Rhein Samantha S, Arias-Santé Maria Fernanda MF, Concepción-Alvarez Alina A, Rincón-Cervera Miguel Ángel MÁ et al.
The phenolic composition and antioxidant capacity of soaking water from two Chilean common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars, Magnum and Peumo, were analyzed. The soluble phenolics were extracted and partitioned into free, esterified, and etherified fractions. Phenolic acids and flavonoids were identified and quantified, and the antioxidant capacity was evaluated using 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays. Among the phenolic compounds identified across the three fractions, rutin was the only compound detected in all of them. The free fraction showed the greatest phenolic diversity, dominated by catechin, chlorogenic acid, and trans-ferulic acid. Soaking water from Magnum beans exhibited significantly higher total phenolic content and greater antioxidant capacity than that from Peumo. These results suggest that bean soaking water, typically discarded as waste, is a source of phenolic compounds with high antioxidant potential and could be valorized as a functional food ingredient.
Lucaciu Roxana Liana RL, Hangan Adriana Corina AC, Oprean Luminița Simona LS, Procopciuc Lucia Maria LM
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy in women, and hormone receptor-positive disease represents its predominant subtype. Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are a cornerstone of endocrine therapy, particularly in postmenopausal patients, but their long-term efficacy is frequently limited by intrinsic or acquired resistance. Increasing evidence indicates that epigenetic dysregulation, especially aberrant histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity, contributes to altered estrogen receptor signaling, transcriptional plasticity, activation of compensatory survival pathways, and endocrine treatment failure. This narrative review examines the biological and therapeutic interplay between aromatase and HDACs in breast cancer, integrating evidence from mechanistic studies, in vitro models, preclinical experiments, and clinical trials. HDAC inhibition may restore endocrine sensitivity by modifying chromatin accessibility, reactivating estrogen-responsive and tumor-suppressor genes, suppressing adaptive pathways such as HER2, NF-κB, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling, and promoting cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. Preclinical studies support synergistic or sensitizing effects of combined AI-HDAC inhibition, while clinical trials with entinostat, tucidinostat, panobinostat, and exemestane- or letrozole-based regimens have produced heterogeneous results. These findings suggest that endocrine-epigenetic combinations may benefit selected patients rather than represent an universally effective strategy. Future clinical translation will require improved HDAC selectivity, optimized dosing, toxicity management, and validation of predictive biomarkers enabling biomarker-guided patient selection.
La Vignera Sandro S, Calogero Aldo E AE, Cannarella Rossella R, Crafa Andrea A et al.
The menopausal transition represents a critical period in women's lives characterized by profound hormonal, metabolic, and behavioral changes. Estrogen deficiency during menopause triggers complex alterations in eating behavior through multiple molecular mechanisms involving hypothalamic neuropeptide systems, neurotransmitter pathways, and peripheral hormonal signals. This narrative review examines the molecular basis of eating behavior changes in menopausal women, integrating evidence from basic science and clinical research. At the molecular level, declining estradiol disrupts the hypothalamic regulation of appetite through estrogen receptors ERα and ERβ, leading to dysregulation of key neuropeptides including neuropeptide Y (NPY), agouti-related peptide (AgRP), and proopiomelanocortin (POMC). Peripheral signals such as leptin, ghrelin, and insulin show altered secretion and sensitivity patterns. Clinically, postmenopausal women experience increased appetite, heightened food reward sensitivity, carbohydrate cravings, and elevated risk of binge eating behaviors. These changes contribute to weight gain averaging 2-3 kg during the menopausal transition, with preferential visceral fat accumulation increasing metabolic syndrome risk. Body composition shifts include 44% increases in visceral adiposity and concurrent sarcopenia. Emerging evidence highlights the role of gut microbiota alterations in mediating metabolic dysfunction. Therapeutic strategies including hormone replacement therapy, targeted nutritional interventions, and lifestyle modifications show promise in mitigating these changes. Understanding the molecular-to-clinical continuum of eating behavior changes in menopause is essential for developing evidence-based preventive and therapeutic approaches to improve metabolic health and quality of life in postmenopausal women.
Abdou Yara Y, Cipriani Amber A, Feinstein Trevor T, Haumschild Ryan R et al.
Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is an emerging tool in precision oncology that enables noninvasive tumor profiling, detection of minimal residual disease, and treatment monitoring. Furthermore, routine ctDNA analyses offer the potential to support more personalized and dynamic cancer care. In advanced breast cancer (aBC), ctDNA-based monitoring has been investigated across multiple studies as a tool for detecting emerging resistance mechanisms, predicting treatment responses and informing biomarker-guided treatment decisions. One example, investigated in the phase III PADA-1 and SERENA-6 trials, is monitoring for emergent estrogen receptor alpha mutations (ESR1m) during first-line endocrine therapy in estrogen-receptor positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (ER+, HER2-) aBC. While not yet widely adopted in clinical practice, broader implementation of routine ctDNA-based monitoring for ESR1m is anticipated and will require standardized diagnostic workflows, encompassing both institutional operational processes and patient-centered scheduling pathways. Insights and recommendations were gathered from multidisciplinary experts across academic and community practices in the US regarding the feasibility, barriers, and operational requirements for implementing ESR1m monitoring during first-line treatment of aBC. Here, we present practical, experience-informed considerations, supplemented by an opinion-based consensus workflow model designed to provide clinicians with a flexible framework for implementing ctDNA-based ESR1m monitoring during first-line care for ER+, HER2- aBC.
Murina Filippo F, Di Carlo Costantino C, Cagnacci Angelo A, Gambacciani Marco M et al.
Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) is a chronic condition associated with estrogen and androgen deficiency that affects the vulva, vagina, urethra, and bladder, significantly impairing quality of life, sexual wellbeing, and urinary function. Despite its high prevalence, GSM remains frequently underdiagnosed and undertreated. These recommendations, developed by the Italian Society of Menopause (SIM) and the Italian Society of Gynecology of the Third Age (SIGiTE), provide updated evidence-based guidance for the diagnosis and management of GSM. The recommendations were formulated through a comprehensive literature review and expert consensus process, with evidence graded according to the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine criteria. Diagnosis should rely on both patient-reported bothersome symptoms and objective clinical signs identified during physical examination. Assessment tools such as the Vaginal Health Index and Vestibular Trophic Health Score may assist in evaluating disease severity and monitoring treatment response. Management should be individualized according to symptom severity, patient preferences, contraindications, and treatment goals. Vaginal lubricants and moisturizers represent the preferred first-line option for women with mild symptoms, whereas local low-dose estrogen therapy remains the treatment of choice for women with moderate to severe GSM. Vaginal DHEA, ospemifene, and pelvic floor physical therapy may be considered in selected clinical settings. Emerging therapies, including energy-based devices, injectable treatments, and vaginal oxygen with hyaluronic acid, may represent additional options in selected patients, although further evidence is needed. Special consideration is required for breast cancer survivors, for whom nonhormonal therapies remain first-line, while low-dose vaginal hormonal therapies may be considered after multidisciplinary evaluation.
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