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acrivastine + pseudoephedrine (Duact)

✓ Approved

UCB · HRH1 · Small Molecule

What is acrivastine + pseudoephedrine?

acrivastine + pseudoephedrine is a small molecule developed by UCB. It is approved for therapeutic indications via oral (po).

Drug Profile

Brand NamesDuact
CompanyUCB
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
Molecular TargetHRH1
RouteOral (PO)
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, UCB

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

acrivastine + pseudoephedrine acts on 1 molecular target:

HRH1histamine receptor H1 (HH1R, H1R)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

acrivastine + pseudoephedrine is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Immune system disordersSeasonal allergy✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedPharmacological reports : PR2026-07-11

The onset of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) and reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) with the use of decongestant agents: a European pharmacovigilance analysis.

Anatriello Antonietta A, Cantone Andrea A, Pentella Ciro C, Vastarella Maria Giovanna MG et al.

On December 1st, 2023, the Pharmacovigilance Risk Assessment Committee (PRAC) published a safety warning against using pseudoephedrine in patients with severe or uncontrolled hypertension and severe acute or chronic kidney disease for the risk of developing posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) or reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS). Based on this consideration and the availability of other decongestants with the same mechanism of action as pseudoephedrine in the European market, we decided to conduct a safety study to evaluate cases of RCVS or PRES reported with other decongestants. A European, retrospective, post-marketing surveillance study was conducted to describe individual case safety reports (ICSRs) of RCVS and PRES reported with decongestants and to compare the likelihood of reporting these events among decongestants. Data were retrieved from the EudraVigilance database from January 1st, 2001, to December 31st, 2025. A total of 65 ICSRs reported PRES or RCVS with decongestants, most of which referred to female patients aged 18-64 years. A disproportionate reporting of RCVS was found for xylometazoline (reporting odds ratio, ROR: 3.39; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.94-5.93) and phenylephrine (ROR: 2.00; 95% CI: 1.11-3.61), and a disproportionate reporting of PRES for ephedrine (ROR: 6.44; 95% CI: 1.80-23.10) and phenylephrine (ROR: 3.47; 95% CI: 1.22-9.88) compared to all other decongestants. Our results suggest that all decongestants should be used with caution, and attention should be paid to signs and symptoms of PRES and RCVS when taking these medicines.

PMID 42432411
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PubMedScientific reports2026-07-07

AI-assisted versus manual sustainability assessment of a high-throughput LC-MS/MS method for psychotropic and OTC drugs of abuse in human plasma.

Yamani Hend Z HZ, Hesham Khaled K, Tawakkol Shereen M SM, Hussein Lobna A LA et al.

A rapid, sensitive, and selective LC-MSMS method was developed and validated for the quantification of dextromethorphan (DXM), pseudoephedrine (PSE), olanzapine (OLA), and fluoxetine (FLU) in human plasma. Mixture 1 (DXM/PSE) and mixture 2 (OLA/FLU) are fixed-dose combinations commonly misused at high doses for their euphoric effects. The proposed method employed a simple protein precipitation technique for sample preparation, using a cost-effective cross-over internal standard strategy; OLA for mixture 1 and DXM for mixture 2. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a Hypersil GOLD column (100 × 3 mm, 1.9 µm) using an isocratic mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid (70:30, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. The short runtime of 2.5 min enables high-throughput analysis. Detection was performed in positive ionization mode using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). The method exhibited linearity over concentration ranges of 0.05-25.0 ng/mL for DXM, 2.0-1000.0 ng/mL for PSE, 0.2-20.0 ng/mL for OLA, and 0.5-50.0 ng/mL for FLU with lower limits of quantification (LLOQs) of 0.05, 2.0, 0.2, and 0.5 ng/mL, respectively. The method was successfully validated in accordance with FDA and ICH bioanalytical method validation guidelines, demonstrating satisfactory selectivity, accuracy, and precision. The validated method demonstrated high extraction recovery (> 90%), limited, reproducible matrix effects (IS-normalized matrix factor CV ≤ 15%). This study represents a novel application of artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted evaluation, utilizing a universally accessible model to assess the greenness and whiteness of the proposed LC-MS/MS method through the Auto-AGREE and Auto-RGB 12 frameworks. The AI-generated assessments demonstrated high agreement with traditional metrics, highlighting the potential of AI tools to provide rapid and objective holistic sustainability evaluations for the global analytical community.

PMID 42409859
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PubMedCommunications chemistry2026-07-02

Exploring the photodynamical landscape of biomimetic lumichrome-ephedrine-class amine complexes across femtosecond to millisecond regimes.

Jena Subhrakant S, de la Hoz Tomás Mario M, Organero Juan Ángel JÁ, Moreno Ferrer Miquel M et al.

Flavin-amine interactions are central to neurotransmitter metabolism, yet how H-bonding and amine structure govern excited-state pathways remains unclear. Using lumichrome (LC) as a biomimetic model, we examine interactions and photobehaviour with sympathomimetic amines, norephedrine (Neph), ephedrine (Eph), and pseudoephedrine (Peph). In water, LC with amines readily forms anions. In dichloromethane, H-bonding drives ultrafast single-proton transfer (SPT) in the LC-Neph complex (~800 fs), followed by population redistribution (~14 ps) and a long-lived anion (τ ~5.4 ns), while LC-Eph and LC-Peph complexes show shorter lifetimes (~4.3-4.8 ns). Control experiments with phenethylamine confirm that the amine group drives SPT-mediated anion formation. Computational calculations support excitation-induced charge redistribution and SPT-mediated zwitterionic stabilisation. Nanosecond-millisecond transient absorption shows minor triplet quenching by Neph (τ ~0.74 → 0.66 μs), but Eph and Peph enhance quenching (τ ~0.45-0.55 μs) and photoproduct formation. This study unravels LC-sympathomimetic amine interactions, offering an avenue to interrogate excited-state pathways in flavin photochemistry.

PMID 42386889
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PubMedScientific reports2026-06-17

A novel eco-friendly HPTLC approach for the simultaneous determination of erdosteine, ibuprofen and pseudoephedrine pharmaceutical combination.

Elgammal Feda A H FAH, Hafez Maram G MG, Khalil Hadeel A HA, Gawad Dina A DA et al.

This paper introduces the first validated and ecofriendly high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method for the simultaneous determination of erdosteine (ERD), ibuprofen (IBU), and pseudoephedrine (PSE) pharmaceutical combination. This drug combination aids in treating symptoms associated with upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) by providing mucolytic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and decongestant effects within a single therapeutic regimen. The chromatographic separation was effectively achieved on a silica gel 60F254 plate using a mobile phase composed of ethyl acetate: methanol: ammonia (7:1.4:0.5, v/v), and UV detection at 210 nm. The analytes were well resolved with retardation factors (Rf) of 0.06, 0.23, and 0.35 for ERD, IBU, and PSE, respectively. The method demonstrated high accuracy, with recoveries ranging from 98.4% to 101.2% and excellent precision, as indicated by % RSD values below 2%. It also showed high sensitivity, with detection limits of 0.014 µg/spot, 0.002 µg/spot and 0.150 µg/spot for ERD, IBU, and PSE, respectively. The method's environmental sustainability was confirmed using the Analytical EcoScale, Analytical GREEnness (AGREE) calculator and Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI). Additionally, its overall whiteness profile was assessed using the Red-Green-Blue (RGB12) model approach, highlighting its analytical efficiency and eco-friendly design.

PMID 42303778
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PubMedTalanta2026-06-05

First-derivative spectrofluorometric method based on plasmon-enhanced gold nanoparticles for rapid and ultrasensitive determination of loratadine and pseudoephedrine in human plasma and pharmaceutical dosage forms.

Safwat Nardine N, Hassan Marwa M, Magdy Nancy N, El-Kosasy Amira M AM

Loratadine (LOR) and pseudoephedrine (PSE) are widely used in combination for the treatment of seasonal allergies; therefore, the development of sensitive and reliable analytical methods for their simultaneous determination is essential. In this study, highly sensitive first-derivative spectrofluorimetric method was developed for the first time to resolve the severe spectral overlap between LOR and PSE. Sensitivity was further enhanced through the incorporation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). LOR and PSE were selectively determined at 459.6 nm and 466.0 nm following excitation at 230.0 nm and 226.0 nm, respectively. Methanol was used as the diluting solvent with a short shaking time of 10 min after AuNPs addition. Under the optimized conditions, the method showed linear ranges of 0.8-3.5 ng/mL and 70.0-400.0 ng/mL, with detection limits of 0.26 ng/mL and 31.75 ng/mL, for LOR, and PSE; respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of LOR and PSE in human plasma with a recovery of 99.60 ± 0.61 and 99.00 ± 0.89 and in pharmaceutical dosage forms with a recovery of 99.78 ± 1.18 and 99.83 ± 0.15; respectively.

PMID 42241873
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PubMedBirth defects research2026-06-02

Differential Effects of Maternal Exposures on Clubfoot Laterality: A Case-Control Study.

Casey Sharon M SM, Hoffman Molly N MN, Werler Martha M MM, Parker Samantha E SE

Clubfoot is a common birth defect that affects one or both feet. Evidence suggests increased risks of clubfoot in offspring associated with maternal medication and cigarette smoking exposure in early pregnancy. We explored whether such associations differed by clubfoot laterality. This case-control study was conducted in Massachusetts, North Carolina, and New York (2007-2011). State birth defects registries reported clubfoot diagnoses among infants aged < 11 months. Controls without birth defects were random samples of infants from the same catchment areas and born in the same year as cases. Mothers were interviewed within 12 months following delivery. Logistic regression estimated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Our analysis included 643 isolated cases (bilateral N = 321, left N = 180, right N = 142) and 2037 controls. Estimates for cigarette smoking in early pregnancy were elevated for bilateral, left-sided, and right-sided cases, with the greatest effect for > 10 cigarettes per day for bilateral clubfoot (OR 2.42, 95% CI 1.37, 4.28). Acetaminophen, antihistamines, and pseudoephedrine were not associated with increased risk across laterality groups (ORs ranged 0.42 to 1.05). Elevated ORs (1.22 to 1.44) were observed for ibuprofen use for each laterality group. Associations for salicylates and ondansetron use, however, were observed for bilateral cases only (OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.07, 3.09; OR 1.64, 95% CI 0.99, 2.73, respectively). The pattern of associations across laterality varied by risk factor, suggesting a complex pathogenesis of clubfoot laterality. Investigations that can incorporate both genetic and environmental risk factors are needed to understand clubfoot etiologies.

PMID 42226024
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