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saxagliptin (Bessin)

✓ Approved

Sino Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd · DPP4 · Small Molecule

What is saxagliptin?

saxagliptin is a small molecule developed by Sino Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd. It is approved for therapeutic indications via oral (po).

Drug Profile

Brand NamesBessin
CompanySino Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
Molecular TargetDPP4
RouteOral (PO)
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Sino Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

saxagliptin acts on 1 molecular target:

DPP4dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (CD26, DPPIV)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

saxagliptin is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Metabolism and nutrition disordersType 2 diabetes mellitus✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedFrontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland)2026-07-17

Effects of Tai Chi on pain, functional dysfunction, and sleep in patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Xu Cenhui C, Cui Huaimeng H, Hao Tongtong T

This study systematically evaluated the effects of Tai Chi on pain, functional disability, and sleep quality in patients with chronic non-specific low back pain (CNLBP). We searched CNKI, WanFang, VIP, China Biology Medicine Database, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of Tai Chi for CNLBP. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2 tool and the PEDro scale. Meta-analysis was used to pool the data. Eight RCTs involving 526 patients with CNLBP were included. Meta-analysis showed that Tai Chi significantly reduced pain, improving VAS scores (MD = -1.40, 95% CI: -2.41 to -0.40) and NRS scores. Tai Chi also significantly improved RMDQ scores (MD = -1.67, 95% CI: -2.75 to -0.59) and overall functional disability (SMD = -0.51, 95% CI: -0.90 to -0.12), but did not significantly affect ODI scores (MD = -0.62, 95% CI: -2.53 to 1.29). Moreover, improvements in PSQI scores were not statistically significant (MD = -0.18, 95% CI: -1.82 to 1.45). Tai Chi can effectively relieve pain and improve functional disability in patients with CNLBP. It is a safe and feasible non-pharmacological rehabilitation approach. However, current evidence is insufficient to confirm its effect on sleep quality. Further high-quality RCTs are needed. PROSPERO CRD420261361228.

PMID 42465668
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PubMedFrontiers in public health2026-07-17

Evidence map of Tai Chi interventions for older adults.

Fogaça Lissandra Zanovelo LZ, Schveitzer Mariana Cabral MC, Ferreira Arthur A, Feitosa Andreia do Carmo ADC et al.

The population aged 60 and over is growing rapidly worldwide, reflecting rising life expectancy and health challenges. Tai Chi is a Chinese mind-body practice and has been recommended for older adults. Evidence maps organize and synthesize information about evidence in a specific field or topic, highlighting consensus and knowledge gaps. This evidence map aims to identify the effects of Tai Chi on health outcomes in older adults. This map used The Campbell Collaboration's methodology. The search was conducted in five databases: PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science. The Brazilian Academic Consortium for Integrative Health data of Traditional Chinese Medicine mind-body practices was utilized to manually include studies. The AMSTAR 2 was used to assess quality assessment, and the Tableau was used to graphically present the results. Based on 7.862 systematic reviews, we included 118 of Tai Chi for older adults. The quality assessment was 36 high, 07 moderate, 42 low, and 33 critically low. Each of the 238 effects was classified: 171 as positive, 47 as potentially positive, 13 no effects, and 07 as inconclusive. High-quality evidence that positive effects were related to balance, depression, anxiety, cognitive performance, risk of fall, quality of life, well-being, sleep quality, and Parkinson's disease. Inconclusive or no effect was related to concentration, agility, muscle mass, HDL cholesterol, stroke, hypertension, and coronary heart disease. The most widely used Tai Chi style was the Yang style, for two to three times per week, with each session lasting 30 to 60 min for 12 to 24 weeks. Most interventions targeted community-dwelling older adults with a mean age of 69.5 years; among these, 42 reviews reported a female majority. Based on 56 associations, Tai Chi has been applied in different areas of older adult health. The effect of tai chi may depend on the style, frequency, time, and duration. Despite all results, the evidence suggests methodological rigor, homogeneous populations with larger samples. The Tai Chi effectiveness evidence map will serve to inform decision-making on healthcare for older adults, considering the Decade of Healthy Ageing 2021-2030 and the Global Strategy for Traditional, Complementary, and Integrative Medicine 2025-2034.

PMID 42465647
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PubMedFrontiers in medicine2026-07-17

Comparative efficacy of traditional and modern mind-body exercises in middle-aged and older adults with knee osteoarthritis: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Pan Rui R, Mi Ao A, Cheng Hui H

Traditional and modern Mind-body exercise methods are widely used in the rehabilitation treatment of knee osteoarthritis (KOA), this network meta-analysis (NMA) compared the relative efficacy of various Mind-body exercise methods on KOA-related pain, function and stiffness, as well as psychological and physical outcomes. PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched up to December 1, 2025. The main outcome measures included WOMAC pain score, WOMAC physical function score and WOMAC stiffness score. Secondary outcome indicators included mental health status, 6-min walking test (6MWT) and timed up-and-go test (TUG). RoB 2 was used to evaluate the risk of bias, and CINeMA was used to evaluate the certainty of network evidence. This research scheme has been registered in PROSPERO (CRD420261281876). A total of 29 RCTs (n = 2,095) were included. The mean age of participants ranged from 58 to 79 years. Eight intervention measures were evaluated: Wuqinxi, Tai Chi, Pilates, Yijinjing, Baduanjin, yoga, conventional exercise, and no exercise intervention. Compared with no exercise intervention, Tai Chi and Wuqinxi significantly reduced WOMAC pain score. Pilates, Baduanjin, and Tai Chi significantly improved the WOMAC physical function score. Baduanjin significantly improved stiffness. Yijinjing, yoga, and Tai Chi significantly improved mental health. Different Mind-body exercises may provide outcome-specific benefits for KOA, particularly in middle-aged and older adults. Tai Chi and Wuqinxi appeared more favorable for pain relief, Pilates had the highest probability of improving physical function, Baduanjin appeared favorable for stiffness, and Yijinjing showed the highest ranking probability for mental health. Given the clinical diversity across trials and the low or very low certainty of several comparisons, SUCRA rankings should be interpreted cautiously. Specifically, TUG-related ranking results should be considered exploratory because the TUG network did not form a closed loop and inconsistency testing could not be performed; therefore, they should not be interpreted as definitive evidence. Further high-quality, long-term RCTs are needed to strengthen the evidence and support more precise exercise prescriptions.Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD420261281876, identifier: CRD420261281876.

PMID 42465088
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PubMedMicrobiome2026-07-17

Invertebrates gut viromes mediate microbial adaptation to pharmaceutical diversity under warming.

Wang Ya-Ning YN, Zheng Jin-Ting JT, Chen Xue-Peng XP, Shen Luo-Qin LQ et al.

Pharmaceutical pollution is an emerging environmental concern that can disrupt microbial communities and ecological processes, while climate warming adds further stress with broad ecological consequences. Soil invertebrates such as collembolans harbor gut microbiomes essential for host health and ecosystem stability, yet the responses of these communities-particularly viral communities-to combined pharmaceutical and warming pressures remain unclear. Here, we used controlled microcosm experiments with Folsomia candida to investigate how pharmaceutical diversity and fluctuating warming jointly shape gut microbiomes through bacteria-virus interactions. Pharmaceutical diversity significantly reduced the alpha diversity of gut viral communities in F. candida, an effect not observed in surrounding soils. Diurnal warming increased the proportion of lysogenic phages and enhanced auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs) such as ACADM and nrdA. Functional validation in Escherichia coli BL21 confirmed that these genes mitigate oxidative stress and improve host thermal tolerance. In contrast, diverse pharmaceuticals increased the proportion of lytic phages, likely driving nutrient turnover through a "kill-the-winner" dynamic that stimulated bacterial taxa involved in pharmaceutical degradation. Moreover, warming amplified the disruption of gut bacterial communities caused by pharmaceutical diversity and strengthened bacteria-virus co-occurrence networks. Our findings reveal that gut viruses act as pivotal regulators of microbial adaptation under concurrent chemical and climate stressors. By mediating host resilience and microbial dynamics, the gut virome provides mechanistic insights into ecosystem stability, and may also serve as an early indicator of combined pharmaceutical and warming stress in soil invertebrate systems, underscoring the need to integrate viral-microbial interactions into One Health framework for environmental risk assessment. Video Abstract.

PMID 42464372
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PubMedJournal of general internal medicine2026-07-17

Self-managed Complementary and Integrative Health Approaches for Chronic Pain and PTSD: An Umbrella Review.

Zaccari Belle B, Lovejoy Travis I TI, Somohano Vanessa V, Kaplan Joshua J et al.

Chronic pain and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have shared, often overlapping pathophysiology. Treatment options include complementary and integrative health (CIH) interventions, which have been summarized in numerous systematic reviews and meta-analyses (SR/MAs). This umbrella review describes and evaluates SR/MAs of self-managed CIH modalities for chronic pain or PTSD. We registered our protocol and conducted a literature search in October 2022 of Ovid MEDLINE ALL, Ovid APA PsycInfo, and Ovid EBM Reviews Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials; an updated search was conducted in January of 2026 of Ovid MEDLINE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and APA PsycInfo. Reviews of RCTs published in or after 2017 involving adults with chronic pain or PTSD and limited to CIH interventions that do not require the presence of a provider were retrieved. Two reviewers independently conducted selection, data extraction, and assessment of SR/MA quality using the Revised Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews Tool. We extracted study aims, search dates, number of articles and subjects, patient population, interventions, dose, adverse events, comparators, outcomes, and summary estimates for symptom reduction. We followed PRISMA reporting guidelines. We included 27 (chronic pain (n = 16) and PTSD (n = 11) SR/MAs of yoga, meditation/mindfulness, and tai chi/qigong. Methodological quality scores ranged from 29 to 42 out of 44 points. Efficacy of CIH varied by condition, intervention, and comparator type. Mild adverse events and increases in existing symptoms may arise temporarily when practicing mindfulness, yoga, or tai chi. The length of each intervention session ranged from 30 to 150 min for 8-54 sessions depending on the CIH modality. Self-managed CIH for chronic pain and PTSD is well documented and may be effective for individuals with comorbid chronic pain and PTSD with low risk of adverse events. CIH approaches that could be used for simultaneous treatment of CP + PTSD should consider interventions that include mindfulness and movement. PROSPERO Trial CRD42022369478.

PMID 42463629
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PubMedAnalytical methods : advancing methods and applications2026-07-17

Exploiting von Pechmann coumarin derivatization for spectrofluorimetric determination of formoterol in pharmaceutical samples with application to content uniformity testing.

Derayea Sayed M SM, Badry Sara I SI, Nagi Dalia M DM, Oraby Mohamed M

A sensitive spectrofluorimetric technique exhibiting acceptable selectivity was established for the quantification of formoterol (FMT) via the von Pechmann condensation reaction, leading to the formation of intensely fluorescent coumarin derivatives. In this reaction, FMT interacts with ethyl acetoacetate in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid, producing a fluorescent product. The emitted fluorescence was recorded at 445 nm following excitation at 361 nm. Experimental parameters influencing the reaction were carefully optimized to achieve maximum fluorescence response and method stability. The proposed method exhibited excellent linearity across the concentration range of 20-500 ng mL-1, with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.9998. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were found to be 4 ng mL-1 and 12 ng mL-1, respectively. Acceptable selectivity was demonstrated under the studied formulation conditions, as no significant interference was observed from commonly used pharmaceutical excipients, including lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, gelatin, titanium dioxide and placebo. A reaction pathway based on the reported von Pechmann condensation was proposed, and the method was validated in accordance with ICH guidelines. The applicability of the method was successfully demonstrated for the determination of FMT in pharmaceutical dosage forms, including content uniformity testing, showing satisfactory recovery results. Finally, the environmental impact of the method was assessed using various greenness evaluation tools, indicating a favorable greenness profile and practical applicability.

PMID 42467447
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