Drug Database
EQ

equine antithymocyte globulin (Thymogam)

✓ Approved

Bharat Serums and Vaccines Limited · Polyclonal Antibodies · Polyclonal Antibodies

What is equine antithymocyte globulin?

equine antithymocyte globulin is a polyclonal antibodies developed by Bharat Serums and Vaccines Limited. It is approved for therapeutic indications via injectable (others) or intravenous (iv).

Drug Profile

Brand NamesThymogam
CompanyBharat Serums and Vaccines Limited
Drug ClassPolyclonal Antibodies, Antibody
RouteInjectable (Others), Intravenous (IV)
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Bharat Serums and Vaccines Limited

Therapeutic Indications

equine antithymocyte globulin is developed for 2 unique indications across 2 therapeutic areas.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Blood and lymphatic system disordersAplastic anaemia✓ Approved
Immune system disordersSolid organ transplant rejection✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedDrug testing and analysis2026-10-15

Detection of CJC-1295 in Equine Plasma by ELISA.

Timms Mark M, Cawley Adam A, Steel Rohan R

CJC-1295 is a peptide-based drug that stimulates the endogenous production of growth hormone (GH). Compared to other growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) analogues, CJC-1295 has an extended half-life due to a drug affinity complex (DAC) that chemically crosslinks the peptide to plasma proteins containing free cysteine residues. As a result, CJC-1295 behaves more like a protein doping agent than a typical peptide-based drug. Using monoclonal antibodies raised against the CJC-1295 peptide, an ELISA was developed for the detection of CJC-1295 protein conjugates in equine plasma at concentrations as low as 12.5 pg/mL. The effectiveness of the assay for controlling the illicit use of CJC-1295 was demonstrated using equine blood samples, obtained from thoroughbred racehorses, following subcutaneous administration of 10 mg of CJC-1295.

PMID 42876013
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PubMedFrontiers in oncology2026-10-15

Esophageal carcinoma with ductal differentiation combined with multiple myeloma: a case report.

Sun Hongjing H, Gao Minghao M, Feng Xiaohui X

Esophageal carcinoma with ductal differentiation (ECDD) is a rare esophageal cancer (EC), characterized by distinctive morphological features, including bilayered duct-like structures and a biphenotypic immunophenotype. Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell neoplasm. The synchronous occurrence of these two entities is exceedingly rare. We report an 80-year-old male who presented with fatigue, anemia, and hypoalbuminemia. Endoscopic examination revealed a high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia of the esophagus. Following endoscopic submucosal dissection, pathological examination confirmed ECDD. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that the inner layer cells of the duct-like structures were positive for CK7 and CAM5.2, while the outer layer cells were positive for p40 and p63. Concurrently, elevated serum globulin levels prompted further evaluation, leading to a diagnosis of MM. At 13 months postoperatively, no recurrence or metastasis of EC was observed, and the patient's MM remained stable. This case highlights that in elderly patients presenting with hematological abnormalities, the possibility of coexisting solid malignancy and plasma cell dyscrasia should be considered. ECDD has distinctive pathological features, and accurate recognition is critical to avoid misdiagnosis.

PMID 42876473
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PubMedPulmonary circulation2026-10-14

Acute Cor Pulmonale Caused by Pulmonary Tumor Thrombotic Microangiopathy as the Initial Presentation of Multiple Myeloma: A Case Report.

Cui Jianwei J, Zhao Bingzhen B, Ding Xin X

Pulmonary tumor thrombotic microangiopathy (PTTM) is a rare cause of acute cor pulmonale, typically associated with advanced solid tumors; its occurrence as the initial presentation of multiple myeloma (MM) has not been described. A 45-year-old woman developed acute right heart failure on postoperative day 1 after uterine myomectomy. Echocardiography showed a pulmonary artery systolic pressure of 86 mmHg with a d-shaped left ventricle and right ventricular dysfunction (TAPSE 10 mm); CTPA excluded pulmonary embolism but revealed bilateral ground-glass opacities. Platelet count fell from 115 × 109/L preoperatively to 30 × 109/L. An overlooked preoperative globulin of 67 g/L prompted serum protein electrophoresis and immunofixation, which identified an IgG κ M-protein; bone marrow aspiration revealed 14% morphologically abnormal plasma cells. Presumed MM-associated PTTM was treated with heparin and sildenafil. The platelet count recovered, and a follow-up echocardiogram on day 7 showed normalized cardiac structure and function. The patient self-discontinued rivaroxaban 1 week after discharge and died 3 months later from progression of untreated MM. In CTPA-negative acute cor pulmonale with unexplained thrombocytopenia, an elevated globulin on routine biochemistry may be the only early clue to a plasma cell disorder, and timely anticoagulation with pulmonary vasodilation may buy time for definitive therapy.

PMID 42871749
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PubMedJournal of the science of food and agriculture2026-10-14

Glucono-δ-lactone-induced gels from lentil protein fractions: insights into rheological, textural, and water-holding properties.

Yilmaz Ilay I, Uzun Sukran Asgin SA, Parlak Mahmud Ekrem ME, Kurt Abdullah A et al.

The gelation behavior of individual lentil protein fractions and subfractions remains insufficiently understood despite their potential for plant-based structured food applications. Therefore, this study investigated the glucono-δ-lactone (GDL)-induced gelation and gel properties of lentil protein isolate (LPI), its protein fractions, including albumin (ALB), globulin (GLO), and glutelin (GLU), and the globulin subfractions legumin (LEG) and vicilin (VIC). Pronounced fractionation-dependent differences were observed in gelation kinetics, rheological properties, gel strength, water-holding capacity (WHC), and microstructure. VIC exhibited the fastest network development and the highest storage modulus. Gel strength followed the order VIC > ALB > LP > GLU > GLO > LEG, with the highest value observed for VIC (412.10 g). Similarly, WHC was highest in VIC gels (93.48%), whereas LEG exhibited the lowest value (77.15%). Intermolecular interaction analysis showed that hydrophobic interactions and disulfide bonds were the dominant stabilizing forces. Fourier transform infrared results indicated notable structural rearrangements during acidification, particularly in VIC- and ALB-rich systems. Scanning electron microscopy observations confirmed a compact and uniform network for VIC gels, whereas LEG gels exhibited a coarse and discontinuous structure. Protein fractionation significantly influences gelation behavior and network structure. VIC-rich fractions demonstrate superior gel-forming ability and show strong potential for the development of plant-based structured food systems. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.

PMID 42870678
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PubMedTropical animal health and production2026-10-14

Pasture area increases livestock rabies risk in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: a geospatial analysis of neurological syndrome cases (2020-2024).

Monteiro Rafael Veríssimo RV, da Costa Renata Falcão Rabello RFR, Kimura Leda Maria Silva LMS, de Oliveira Glenda Ribeiro GR et al.

Animal rabies poses a risk to livestock in Brazil due to transmission by hematophagous bats. The Brazilian sanitary surveillance system mandates rabies testing for any livestock exhibiting signs of neurological syndrome. This geospatial, retrospective, longitudinal, observational study analyzed rabies test results for 204 cattle and 56 horses presenting with neurological syndrome in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, from 2020 to 2024. We calculated correlations and linear models between rabies results and municipal land-use types, as well the population of herbivores. Most neurological syndrome cases and positive rabies results occurred in cattle. The final linear model for the number of neurological syndrome cases and positive rabies results incorporated pasture area, shrub area and cattle population. Pasture area was positively correlated with higher numbers (p = 0.011 and p = 0.005, respectively). Larger shrub area was associated with fewer neurological syndrome reports and fewer positive results (p = 0.009 and p = 0.010, respectively). Greater cattle population showed a negative association with neurological syndrome notifications and positive detections (p = 0.085 and p = 0.046, respectively).A higher proportion of positive rabies tests was associated with larger pasture areas (p = 0.019) and with lower equine populations (p = 0.115). These findings indicate that the lower animal diversity in pasture areas provides few alternative feeding options for Desmodus rotundus besides livestock, leading to more neurological syndrome cases and animal rabies infections. A larger shrub area offer feed alternatives other than cattle to the bats and a larger cattle population dilutes the frequency of bat meals across individuals, reducing both neurological syndrome notifications and positive rabies detections.

PMID 42873394
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PubMedJournal of diabetes and metabolic disorders2026-10-14

The hepato-thyroid axis in male obesity: unraveling inter-organ crosstalk through non-invasive biomarkers.

Sotoudeheian Mohammadjavad M, Pirhayati Mohammad M, Azarbad Reza R, Dakkali Mohammad Sedigh MS et al.

To investigate the relationship between liver function and thyroid function tests in men with overweight and obesity. Body-mass-index (BMI), relative-fat-mass (RFM), Fibrosis-4-index (FIB-4), hepatic-steatosis-index (HSI), fatty-liver-index (FLI), albumin-bilirubin-grade (ALBI), and triglyceride-glucose-index (TyG-index) were used to perform a correlation study on liver and thyroid functions in the male participants with overweight/obesity. We utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2012. We performed correlation analysis to examine these relationships. This study enrolled 811 male participants, including 263 lean and 548 individuals with overweight/obesity based on BMI. Analysis showed that 133 subjects had RFM of < 22.8%, while 678 were overweight/obese. Significant positive correlations were found between liver function markers (ALT, AST, GGT) and thyroid hormones (fT3, tT3), as well as between non-invasive liver indices (HSI and FLI for steatosis, ALBI for function and prognosis, and FIB-4 for fibrosis risk) and thyroid function parameters. ALBI was positively correlated with globulin, BMI, and tT4, and it had significant negative correlation with tT3, fT3, fT4, total protein, ALT, and AST. FIB-4 was positively correlated with TSH, and tT4 (p = 0.0026, and 0.0147, respectively). It had significant negative correlation with tT3, fT3, and BMI (p = 0.0122, < 0.0001, and 0.0008, respectively). FIB-4 had significant weak correlation with TSH in euthyroid subjects (r = 0.077 and p = 0.034). In this study, several non-invasive liver indices were significantly associated with thyroid function parameters in men with obesity. Indices may assist in identifying individuals at higher risk of liver-thyroid dysfunction, though prospective studies are needed to confirm their utility. The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s40200-026-02107-y.

PMID 42871566
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