Drug Database
EQ

equine antithymocyte globulin (Thymogam)

✓ Approved

Bharat Serums and Vaccines Limited · Polyclonal Antibodies · Polyclonal Antibodies

What is equine antithymocyte globulin?

equine antithymocyte globulin is a polyclonal antibodies developed by Bharat Serums and Vaccines Limited. It is approved for therapeutic indications via injectable (others) or intravenous (iv).

Drug Profile

Brand NamesThymogam
CompanyBharat Serums and Vaccines Limited
Drug ClassPolyclonal Antibodies, Antibody
RouteInjectable (Others), Intravenous (IV)
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Bharat Serums and Vaccines Limited

Therapeutic Indications

equine antithymocyte globulin is developed for 2 unique indications across 2 therapeutic areas.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Blood and lymphatic system disordersAplastic anaemia✓ Approved
Immune system disordersSolid organ transplant rejection✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMed[Rinsho ketsueki] The Japanese journal of clinical hematology2026-08-30

[Aplastic anemia developed after treatment with durvalumab].

Maeshima Kaho K, Sakayori Yo Y, Yokoyama Hiroki H, Katsube Atsushi A et al.

A 76-year-old woman with stage IIIB squamous cell lung carcinoma developed pancytopenia following maintenance therapy with durvalumab. She was diagnosed with squamous cell lung carcinoma (T4N2M0, stageIIIB) in December 2023. Following a favorable response to chemoradiotherapy, maintenance therapy with durvalumab was initiated in June 2024. Thrombocytopenia was observed starting in August, and platelet count had decreased to 22,000/µl in October, leading to the discontinuation of durvalumab. However, the condition progressed to pancytopenia. Bone marrow biopsy revealed hypocellular marrow without dysplasia, fibrosis, or hemophagocytosis. Additional findings included paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria-type blood cells and fatty marrow replacement on spinal MRI. Based on these comprehensive findings, the patient was diagnosed with aplastic anemia (AA) in January 2025. Immunosuppressive therapy combining antithymocyte globulin, cyclosporine A, and eltrombopag was initiated in February 2025, resulting in a favorable response. AA is a relatively rare immune-related adverse event, and reports of AA induced by durvalumab are extremely limited. This case highlights the importance of considering AA in the differential diagnosis of persistent thrombocytopenia or pancytopenia during immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.

PMID 42669502
Read full article →
PubMed[Rinsho ketsueki] The Japanese journal of clinical hematology2026-08-30

[Thiotepa-busulfan-fludarabine conditioning in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for blast-phase myeloproliferative neoplasm].

Abe Shintaro S, Izumi Shintaro S, Tsukamoto Shokichi S, Miyamoto Izumi I et al.

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is the only curative option for blast-phase myeloproliferative neoplasms (BP-MPN), although relapse rates remain high. Recently, conditioning with thiotepa, busulfan, and fludarabine (TBF) has shown promising anti-leukemic activity in acute myeloid leukemia. A 64-year-old man with essential thrombocythemia that progressed to secondary myelofibrosis and subsequently BP-MPN underwent allo-HSCT after cytoreduction with azacitidine plus venetoclax. Peripheral blood stem cells were obtained from an HLA allele-matched unrelated donor, and TBF was used as the conditioning regimen. Low-dose anti-thymocyte globulin was administered for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis. Full donor chimerism was achieved on day 28 after transplantation. Veno-occlusive disease/sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (VOD/SOS) improved with defibrotide, and acute GVHD was manageable. This case suggests that a multidisciplinary treatment strategy incorporating TBF conditioning may improve relapse-free survival in patients with BP-MPN.

PMID 42669508
Read full article →
PubMedParasite epidemiology and control2026-08-30

Co-infection with Schistosoma mansoni and Helicobacter pylori: epidemiological patterns and implications for integrated control.

Ahmed Ashraf Fawzy Mosa AFM, Ali Hala Shehata HS, Alhussainy Nabeel H NH, El-Wahsh Hany M HM et al.

Co-infections with Schistosoma mansoni and Helicobacter pylori are frequently reported in low-resource endemic settings; however, their combined systemic and hematological effects in true co-endemic populations remain incompletely characterized. While S. mansoni transmission is primarily driven by exposure to agricultural water, H. pylori reflects persistent household and sanitation-related transmission, highlighting distinct yet overlapping epidemiological pathways. This study aimed to assess the association between occupational freshwater exposure and S. mansoni infection and to evaluate the clinical, hematological, and biochemical profiles associated with S. mansoni and H. pylori mono- and co-infections in a rural Egyptian population. A community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in a rural agricultural village in Egypt. Participants were stratified into four groups: S. mansoni mono-infection (Gp1), S. mansoni-H. pylori co-infection (Gp2), H. pylori mono-infection (Gp3), and uninfected controls (Gp4). Clinical assessment, stool microscopy using the Kato-Katz thick smear technique, H. pylori coproantigen ELISA, complete blood counts, and serum biochemical analyses were performed. Comparative statistical analyses were used to evaluate group differences and associated risk factors. Occupational exposure (farm work) was strongly associated with S. mansoni infection (P < 0.001), reinforcing its role as a key transmission driver in rural endemic settings. Gastrointestinal symptoms were largely non-specific, although hematochezia occurred exclusively among individuals infected with S. mansoni. Co-infection did not significantly influence H. pylori antigen levels (P = 0.190), indicating limited biological interaction between the pathogens. Systemic alterations were predominantly driven by S. mansoni, including thrombocytopenia and marked eosinophilia (P < 0.001), alongside elevated serum globulin levels (P = 0.037), suggesting sustained immune activation. Other biochemical parameters showed no significant differences. In endemic rural settings, co-infection with S. mansoni and H. pylori does not demonstrate synergistic systemic effects but rather reflects overlapping transmission pathways with distinct epidemiological determinants. These findings suggest that integrated screening strategies may offer limited additional clinical benefit beyond pathogen-specific management, while still supporting coordinated control efforts targeting shared risk environments.

PMID 42668635
Read full article →
PubMedAnnals of hematology2026-08-29

Diagnosis and treatment of familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis with isolated central nervous system involvement: A case report.

Hu Hongli H, Pi Yubo Y, Wang Jingshi J, Wang Zhao Z

Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL) is the prototypical genetic form of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), a potentially fatal hyperinflammatory condition. Limited awareness of HLH with isolated central nervous system (CNS) involvement often leads to underdiagnosis or diagnostic delay. Here, we report a 13-year-old girl with FHL type 3 (FHL3) presenting with isolated CNS involvement who subsequently underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). This case expands the clinical spectrum of FHL3 and highlights that isolated neurological symptoms may be the initial or sole manifestation of FHL, even without systemic signs. Allogeneic HSCT remains the only definitive therapy for FHL. The patient received a conditioning regimen comprising thiotepa, etoposide, busulfan, cyclophosphamide, and antithymocyte globulin (TT/VP16/BU/CY/ATG). The graft consisted of 20.4 × 10⁸/kg mononuclear cells and 4.71 × 10⁶/kg CD34 + cells. Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis included cyclosporine A (CsA), mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), and methotrexate (MTX). Neutrophil engraftment (absolute neutrophil count ≥ 0.5 × 10⁹/L) occurred on day + 13, and platelet engraftment (≥ 20 × 10⁹/L) on day + 19. The patient did not develop GVHD and achieved full, stable donor chimerism with successful engraftment and minimal toxicity. Neurological remission was observed following transplantation. At the last follow-up on day 679, the patient remained alive without neurological relapse or systemic HLH. In conclusion, this patient achieved long-term CNS remission and correction of the underlying molecular defect following allogeneic HSCT with a TT/VP16/BU/CY/ATG conditioning regimen.

PMID 42667393
Read full article →
PubMedEquine veterinary journal2026-08-29

Veterinarian and breeder perspectives surrounding ovum pick-up and intracytoplasmic sperm injection in mares: A survey study.

Lewis Niamh N, Spanner Jannie J, Daels Peter P, Arango Juan Cuervo JC et al.

There is an ethical debate about the application of ovum pick-up (OPU) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in mares. To survey the opinions of equine veterinarians and breeders of sport horses on the ethics of using OPU-ICSI in mares. Cross-sectional descriptive study. Three surveys were distributed. The first targeted breeders ('Breeder Survey') who were actively involved in sport horse breeding. The second targeted veterinarians performing OPU ('OPU-Reprovets Survey'). The third targeted general equine practitioners ('Practitioner Survey'). There were six questions common to all surveys, and, for analyses, respondents were categorised into four groups: equine veterinarians not performing OPU (VET), equine veterinarians performing OPU (OPUVET), breeders not using OPU in their breeding programme (BREEDER), and those using OPU in their breeding programme (OPUBREEDER). A total of 225, 92 and 112 responses were returned from the Breeders, OPU-Reprovets and Practitioner surveys, respectively. Differences emerged between groups in how ethically challenging the procedure was perceived to be. A greater proportion of veterinarians not performing OPU (VET; 58.8%) and breeders not using the technology (BREEDER; 55.2%) rated OPU-ICSI as ethically challenging (scores 4-5 on a 5-point scale), compared with veterinarians performing OPU (OPUVET; 35.2%) and breeders using the technology (OPUBREEDER; 19.6%). Across all groups, mare welfare was the main theme when considering the use of OPU-ICSI, and for BREEDER and OPUBREEDER this was closely followed by Genetic diversity and overuse. Potential for motivational and response bias. These results demonstrate differences in perception of ethical acceptability of OPU-ICSI between veterinarians and breeders with and without direct experience of OPU-ICSI. Despite these differences, mare welfare was consistently prioritised across all respondent groups, highlighting the importance of further research to better characterise the mare experience during OPU and to support evidence-based guidance for clinical and breeding practice.

PMID 42666017
Read full article →
PubMedActa tropica2026-08-29

Mosquito diversity and arbovirus detection in Paraguay: first evidence of dengue and chikungunya virus infection in field populations.

Roche Darian Cáceres DC, Ferreira Luis L, Bernal Cynthia C, Sacchetto Lívia L et al.

Arboviruses are mosquito-borne viruses of major public health importance, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. In Paraguay, dengue (DENV) and chikungunya (CHIKV) viruses are among the most epidemiologically relevant; however, studies integrating mosquito and arbovirus surveillance remain scarce. This study aimed to characterize mosquito assemblage composition across different ecological settings and investigate arbovirus circulation in field-collected mosquitoes. A total of 4,595 mosquitoes (609 pools) were collected between 2013 and 2024 from urban, rural, and Atlantic Forest environments in Paraguay. Twenty-six mosquito species were identified, with Culex quinquefasciatus (55.3%) as the most abundant, followed by Aedes (Ochlerotatus) scapularis (13.3%). Aedes aegypti (7.3%) was mainly associated with urban areas. Diversity analyses showed higher alpha diversity and greater gamma diversity in the Atlantic Forest and lower values in rural areas, whereas high beta diversity indicated substantial species turnover among locations. Molecular screening by real-time RT-PCR detected no evidence of West Nile, Saint Louis encephalitis, Venezuelan equine encephalitis, Mayaro, yellow fever, Zika, or Oropouche viruses. In contrast, A. aegypti pools tested positive for DENV (n=3; 2021 and 2023) and CHIKV (n=3; 2023). Phylogenetic reconstruction confirmed the circulation of DENV-4 Genotype II (lineage B.1.1), DENV-2 Genotype II (F.1.1.2), and CHIKV East/Central/South African (ECSA) lineages in Paraguay, all closely related to human outbreak-associated sequences. These findings provide the first molecular evidence of arbovirus infection in field-collected mosquitoes in Paraguay and emphasize the importance of integrated entomological and viral surveillance.

PMID 42667977
Read full article →

+9996 more articles available with a free account

Sign up free to view all articles →

Ask about equine antithymocyte globulin