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hydroxyprogesterone caproate (Makena SQ / 17P / Makena)

✓ Approved

Lumara Health · PGR

What is hydroxyprogesterone caproate?

hydroxyprogesterone caproate is a therapeutic agent developed by Lumara Health. It is approved for therapeutic indications via injectable (others) or intramuscular (im) injection or subcutaneous injection.

Drug Profile

Brand NamesMakena SQ, 17P, Makena
CompanyLumara Health
Molecular TargetPGR
RouteInjectable (Others), Intramuscular (IM) Injection, Subcutaneous Injection
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Lumara Health

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

hydroxyprogesterone caproate acts on 1 molecular target:

PGRprogesterone receptor (NR3C3, PR)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

hydroxyprogesterone caproate is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Pregnancy, puerperium and perinatal conditionsPremature labour✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedMicroorganisms2026-08-27

Traditional Foods and Starters Utilizing Salt and Osmo-Tolerant Yeast Hyphopichia burtonii.

Ohisa Naganori N

This paper aims to provide an overview of fermented foods involving yeast Hyphopichia burtonii and to promote its wider use. The tolerance to salt, osmotic pressure, and heat exhibited by H. burtonii is an advantageous trait for survival in the solid state. In traditionally produced salami with a salt concentration of 2.5%, H. burtonii became the dominant species after 28 days of ripening and contributed to flavor development. Fermentation starters such as Murcha, Nuruk, and Daqu are produced via salt-free solid fermentation. H. burtonii was able to survive the high-temperature conditions associated with solid-state fermentation and drying processes. These fermentation starters used to produce flavorful alcoholic beverages such as rice wine, makgeolli, and baijiu. Certain strains of H. burtonii produced aroma compounds such as ethyl caproate and 3-methylthio-1-propanol, contributing to the flavor profile of the beverage. Two strategies can be used to leverage the advantages of H. burtonii, such as its salt tolerance and aroma production.

PMID 42655081
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PubMedFoods (Basel, Switzerland)2026-08-27

Unraveling the Microbial Associations of Volatile Flavor Profiles in Spontaneously Fermented Camel Milk from Three Regions of Xinjiang, China.

Wu Yating Y, Chen He H, Wang Fulan F, Osman Henigul H et al.

Spontaneously fermented camel milk from Xinjiang is valued for its nutrition but faces quality inconsistency due to complex microbial ecosystems. This study investigated how regional microbial communities correlate with volatile flavor profiles. Nine samples from three distinct areas-Dabancheng, Hami, and Keping-were analyzed using bacterial 16S rRNA gene and fungal ITS region amplicon sequencing combined with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOF MS). Bacterial communities were dominated by Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, while Ascomycota and Basidiomycota prevailed among fungi. Dominant genera varied by region: Lactobacillus and Dekkera in Dabancheng; Lactobacillus and Dipodascus in Hami; Lactococcus and Cutaneotrichosporon in Keping. Flavor profiles also diverged, with Dabancheng being rich in esters, alcohols, and ketones; Hami featuring hydrocarbons and alcohols; and Keping containing elevated hydrocarbons, alcohols, and esters. Key statistical associations were identified: Lactobacillus, Rahnella, and Acetobacter were positively associated with propene and 3-decyn-2-ol (VIP > 1.0, |r| > 0.8), while Pseudomonas, Lactococcus, and Klebsiella showed negative correlations with vinyl n-caproate. These findings reveal statistical associations between geographic origin, specific microbial taxa, and flavor attributes, providing a scientific foundation that may inform future efforts toward developing targeted starter cultures pending microbial isolation and functional validation.

PMID 42650630
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PubMedBioresource technology2026-08-25

Effect of iron-loaded biochar on medium-chain fatty acid production from waste activated sludge.

Lou Tianru T, Liu Mingyang M, Yin Yanan Y, Wang Jianlong J

Conductive materials can enhance medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) production from waste activated sludge (WAS), but the influence of their addition timing remains unclear. Here, a biochar-supported zero-valent iron composite (ZVI/BC) was added either before acidification (the AC group) or before chain elongation (CE; the CE group) in a two-stage anaerobic fermentation system. Adding ZVI/BC before acidification yielded the highest caproate production of 10.0  g/L as chemical oxygen demand, 64.5 % and 119.5 % higher than those in the control and CE groups, respectively. This advantage was accompanied by marked extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) restructuring, including divergent changes in soluble chemical oxygen demand and total organic carbon in the tightly bound fraction and enrichment of soluble microbial byproduct-like and humic-like substances. Microbial analysis further showed that early ZVI/BC addition was associated with a distinct community, with higher relative abundances of Firmicutes and the genera Romboutsia, Paraclostridium, and Clostridium_sensu_stricto in the AC group. Meanwhile, cytochrome c and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide increased by 10.5 % and 14.0 %, suggesting endpoint changes in redox-related components and intracellular reducing-power availability. Functional prediction indicated higher acetyl coenzyme A-related precursor potential in the AC group. Overall, adding ZVI/BC before acidification was more effective than adding it before CE, providing a practical strategy to improve caproate production from WAS.

PMID 42641700
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PubMedJournal of dairy science2026-08-25

Assessing recoveries of branched-chain volatile fatty acids or amino acids in dual-flow continuous cultures limited in rumen-degraded protein without or with supplemental leucine.

White A F AF, Lee C C, Mitchell K E KE, Sanders A R AR et al.

Ruminal bacteria can either synthesize branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) from central metabolites or from reductive carboxylation and transamination of the branched-chain volatile fatty acids (BCVFA). There is bidirectional mixing within a metabolic pair (i.e., isoleucine/2-methylbutyrate, leucine/isovalerate, and valine/isobutyrate). The keto acid of valine is the intermediate in its synthesis but also branches off in the leucine synthesis pathway. Therefore, we hypothesized that interconversion of 13C-isobutyrate with its keto acid could label both valine and, to a lesser extent, leucine, especially if increased leucine concentration inhibited its de novo synthesis from pyruvate. In Experiment 1, treatments with inadequate (8.5% formulated using NASEM, 2021) RDP and 1.72 mmol per day of each of the 3 BCVFA without or with supplemental leucine (5.16 mmol/d) were arranged in a truncated 6 × 6 Latin square design using a dual flow continuous culture system that allowed measurement of BCVFA production and recovery of isotope. Each of 3 periods consisted of 7 d adaptation that were followed by a 7-d sampling period that included 2 pulse doses of individually 13C-labeled BCVFA or BCAA with 4 d of washout between each dose of isotope within a respective metabolic pair. Supplemental leucine did not change degradation of nutrients or flows of bacterial N, but supplemental leucine did increase isovalerate, valerate, and caproate production. More 13C was recovered in bacterial protein when the isotope was dosed as a labeled BCAA than as BCVFA. Negligible 13C was recovered in amino acids other than BCAA, suggesting minimal metabolism beyond BCVFA. Recovery of 13C into branched-chain fatty acids documented the importance of branched-chain vinyl ethers in plasmalogens, which was especially important for 2-methylbutyrate. In a second experiment using starch (from potato) or cellulose (from corn) grown in 13CO2, low RDP increased de novo synthesis of most amino acids from cellulose, whereas de novo synthesis of leucine increased from starch more than from cellulose. Results are discussed to further document the relative sinks of BCAA and BCVFA in bacterial cell constituents, documenting their importance in the rumen.

PMID 42641873
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PubMedFrontiers in genetics2026-08-24

Clinical application of long-read sequencing in newborn genetic screening for congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

Zhao Peiran P, Qiu Xiaolong X, Lin Qingying Q, Huang Ting T et al.

Screening for congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) relying solely on 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (17α-OHP) presents limited diagnostic performance, highlighting an urgent need to develop more robust screening strategies for neonates. We conducted retrospective and prospective cohort studies to explore the clinical applicability of long-read sequencing (LRS) in CAH genetic testing within primary and secondary newborn screening (NBS) systems, respectively. The retrospective cohort comprised 100,145 neonates who underwent routine 17α-OHP primary CAH screening at the Fujian Provincial Newborn Screening Center from January 1 to December 31, 2019. Among these infants, 52 full-term screen-positive neonates received further LRS-based CAH genotyping. The prospective cohort enrolled 2,100 newborns recruited from Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital between May 1 and May 31, 2023, who underwent simultaneous 17α-OHP measurement and LRS-mediated CAH genetic analysis. In the retrospective cohort, the positive rate of 17α-OHP screening was 0.19% (190/100,145, 95% CI: 0.17%-0.21%), and five infants were definitively diagnosed with CAH, corresponding to a disease prevalence of 1:20,029. LRS genotyping successfully identified five neonates harboring pathogenic CYP21A2 mutations consistent with confirmed genetic diagnosis. In this prospective cohort study, two newborns (1/1050) with normal 17α-OHP concentrations were found to carry biallelic pathogenic variants in the CYP21A2 gene. In addition, 88 neonates (4.2%) with normal 17α-OHP levels were found to carry heterozygous CAH-related variants. Among these heterozygotes, 85 individuals harbored CYP21A2 variants, representing 32 distinct genotypes. The calculated carrier frequencies were 1 in 78 for classic CAH and 1 in 40 for non-classic CAH. LRS-integrated genetic newborn screening exhibits favorable efficacy for CAH identification. This combined screening modality holds great promise for wide implementation in routine neonatal screening practice.

PMID 42634743
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PubMedJCEM case reports2026-08-21

Persistent progesterone elevation in infertility revealing non-classic P450 oxidoreductase deficiency: 2 cases.

Tomiki Miyu M, Tsujimoto Yuki Y, Shiraishi Eriko E, Yamashiro Kenji K et al.

Non-classic P450 oxidoreductase deficiency (NC-PORD) is a rare form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia that may remain unrecognized until adulthood. While infertility in patients already diagnosed with P450 oxidoreductase deficiency (PORD) has been described, cases in which unexplained infertility directly leads to the diagnosis of NC-PORD are rare. We report 2 women who presented with unexplained infertility and persistent elevation of progesterone levels. Rapid adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation testing showed marked increases in progesterone and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone with suboptimal cortisol response, suggesting impaired steroidogenesis. Genetic analysis identified P450 oxidoreductase variants previously reported in PORD, supporting the diagnosis of NC-PORD. These cases suggest that persistent progesterone elevation may serve as an important clinical clue for NC-PORD in patients with infertility. In contrast to non-classic 21-hydroxylase deficiency, the broader impairment of steroidogenesis in NC-PORD may result in a more complex reproductive phenotype. Recognition of this endocrine pattern may facilitate timely diagnosis and enable mechanism-based management strategies in reproductive medicine.

PMID 42625829
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