cocaine hydrochloride (Numbrino)

Correction to: In vitro comparative quality evaluation of different brands of metformin hydrochloride tablets available in Mekelle City, Tigray Regional State, Ethiopia.

Welegebrial Brhane Gebrehiwot BG, Gezae Zenawi Z, Gebrekidan Samrawit Kidanemariam SK, Gebrerufael Gebru Gebremeskel GG et al.

Revisiting Cinacalcet HCl Hepatic Disposition: Insights from Isolated Perfused Rat Liver.

Mireskandari Katayoon K, Barazesh Ahmadreza A, Rostamnezhad Mostafa M, Darabi Majid M et al.

Hepatic drug handling determines systemic exposure, yet the balance between tissue uptake, intracellular binding, and metabolic clearance is difficult to dissect in vivo. Cinacalcet hydrochloride (CINA), a calcimimetic used to manage secondary hyperparathyroidism, has low oral bioavailability and is widely described as a high-extraction drug subject to extensive hepatic metabolism. Whether tissue sequestration rather than biotransformation underlies its rapid hepatic removal has not been tested directly in an intact ex vivo liver model. We investigated the hepatic clearance of cinacalcet hydrochloride (CINA) using the isolated perfused rat liver (IPRL) model. A validated high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was established to quantify CINA and its primary metabolite, M7, in both liver tissue and perfusate samples. To evaluate the influence of perfusate composition and protein binding, experiments were conducted under single-pass perfusion modes, in the presence and absence of bovine serum albumin (BSA). Dose recovery and mass balance analysis indicated that ~93% of the administered dose was recovered: ~63% in liver tissue and ~29% in the outlet perfusate. No metabolites were detected in any sample, pointing to tissue uptake and retention as the dominant clearance mechanism. Drug loss to plastic perfusion tubing was substantial and was only partially offset by BSA. Inclusion of BSA also shifted the apparent drug distribution between liver and perfusate. In the IPRL, hepatic tissue sequestration rather than metabolic conversion was the dominant clearance mechanism for CINA. Non-specific adsorption to plastic perfusion tubing and the protein content of the perfusion medium were important confounders that must be controlled in future ex vivo studies. CINA was extensively retained in rat liver tissue with negligible in situ metabolism over 90 min of single-pass perfusion, raising the question of whether metabolic extraction truly explains its low oral bioavailability in vivo.

CoAl2O4/Co3O4/boron and nitrogen doped biochar for round-the-clock ultra-efficient degradation of 4-nitrophenol with peroxymonosulfate.

Guo Haoran H, Xu Zixuan Z, Ding Xiaoli X, Li He H et al.

Developing a new strategy to boost the degradation efficiency of photocatalysts for toxic phenolic compounds in peroxymonosulfate (PMS)-based degradation processes was essential but remained an challenging task. Our study proposed the one-pot construction of CoAl2O4/Co3O4/boron and nitrogen doped biochar (CoAl2O4/Co3O4/BNC) to accelerate the PMS activation and enable ultra-fast degradation of 80 mg L-1 nitrophenol (4-NiP). Radical species (˙OH, SO4˙-, and h+) and non-radical (1O2) played crucial roles during the degradation process. Additionally, 4-NiP was effectively degraded across the full pH range. The catalyst's stability in simulated real aqueous environments was evaluated, demonstrating that the CoAl2O4/Co3O4/BNC exhibited excellent recyclability and anti-interference capability during degradation. Under UV-visible light irradiation, 80 mg L-1 of 4-NiP was degraded within 10 min, it has been demonstrated that illumination accelerates the activation of PMS and the photocatalytic degradation rate of 4-NiP. Furthermore, the degradation efficiency exceeded 95% for seven types of organic pollutants in different water matrices. Seven types of organic pollutants included levofloxacin (LEV), tetracycline (TC), doxycycline hydrochloride (DOX), ciprofloxacin (CIP), 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol (2C4Nip), 2-chloro-6-nitrophenol (2C6Nip), these results confirmed the capability of CoAl2O4/Co3O4/BNC to activate PMS for degrading organic pollutants in wastewater.

Development of a high-throughput proteome sample preparation workflow based on efficient protein extraction to empower rational design of yeast cell factories.

Wu Yujie Y, Liu Jianhui J, Cheng Mengchun M, Yang Kaiguang K et al.

Mass spectrometry-based proteomics provides a powerful tool for the rational design of yeast cell factories. However, the rigid yeast cell wall architecture and the fast-growing scale of strain libraries present certain challenges for efficient protein extraction and high-throughput proteomic profiling. Conventional protein extraction methods either demand lengthy incubation periods or specialized equipment, leading to limited sample throughput and low efficiency. Herein, we report an efficient protein extraction strategy using a solvent combination of ionic liquid, guanidine hydrochloride, and lithium acetate under heat treatment (IGL-H). This method enables rapid protein extraction and is compatible with diverse yeast species across different growth phases. Compared with the classical glass bead grinding method, the IGL-H method affords higher protein yield and comparable or superior proteome coverage, and recovers higher proportions of integral membrane proteins of the endomembrane trafficking system. Furthermore, this method is readily amenable to liquid handling workstations for high-throughput proteome sample preparation by using magnetic solid-phase alkylation (mSPA) materials in less than 1.5 h, achieving Pearson correlation coefficients exceeding 0.97. Applying this pipeline to study proteome dynamics of Candida utilis under different nitrogen sources revealed an adaptive strategy involving carbon flux-specific allocation. These results establish the IGL-H extraction strategy as an effective solution for rapid protein extraction and high-throughput proteomic analysis of yeast strains, advancing rational cell factory design in synthetic biology.