Drug Database
CO

cocaine hydrochloride (Numbrino)

✓ Approved

Lannett · SCN5A · Small Molecule

What is cocaine hydrochloride?

cocaine hydrochloride is a small molecule developed by Lannett. It is approved for therapeutic indications via topical.

Drug Profile

Brand NamesNumbrino
CompanyLannett
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
Molecular TargetSCN5A
RouteTopical
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Lannett

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

cocaine hydrochloride acts on 1 molecular target:

SCN5Asodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 5 (CMD1E, SSS1)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

cocaine hydrochloride is developed for 2 unique indications across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Nervous system disordersAnaesthesia✓ Approved
Nervous system disordersSensory loss✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedEuropean psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists2026-07-17

Cannabinoid exposure across substance use disorders: Short-term symptom benefits without sustained therapeutic gains in a tier-weighted systematic review.

Zammit Dimech David D, Zammit Dimech Audrey-Ann AA, Grech Louise L, Serracino Inglott Anthony A

Cannabinoids are increasingly discussed as adjuncts in addiction treatment, yet whether they improve clinically meaningful substance use disorder (SUD) outcomes beyond short-term symptom relief is unresolved. We determined whether cannabinoid exposure confers directional efficacy across opioid, alcohol, cocaine, tobacco, and methamphetamine use disorders, distinguishing symptomatic targets from sustained therapeutic outcomes. PubMed and Embase (1975-2025) were searched for human studies evaluating cannabinoid exposure in relation to SUD outcomes. Two reviewers independently screened and extracted data. Risk of bias was assessed using RoB 2 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs), ROBINS-I for cohort studies, and JBI checklists for cross-sectional, case, and qualitative designs. Six prespecified endpoints (treatment retention, relapse, abstinence, craving, withdrawal severity, consumption) were mapped to each target SUD. Following Synthesis Without Meta-analysis (SWiM) guidance, structured narrative synthesis used a design-based weighting scheme (RCT 1.00 to qualitative 0.25). PROSPERO: CRD420251151193. Ninety-seven studies (41,954 participants) contributed 195 endpoint instances: 89 Beneficial (45.6%), 80 No Significant Effect (41.0%), 12 Mixed/Partial (6.2%), and 14 Harmful/Inferior (7.2%). Short-term symptom targets accounted for most Beneficial findings (76.4%). Sustained outcomes were predominantly No Significant Effect, most pronounced in opioid use disorder. Beneficial symptom findings derived overwhelmingly from weaker study designs (craving 81.5%; withdrawal severity 85.7%; consumption 80.0%). Cannabinoids confer short-horizon symptomatic benefits but do not demonstrate efficacy for sustained abstinence, relapse prevention, or retention, most clearly in opioid use disorder, where evidence is strongest. Findings for other disorders remain preliminary. Adequately powered adjunctive randomized trials with biochemically verified endpoints are needed.

PMID 42466639
Read full article →
PubMedJournal of virology2026-07-17

Cyclo-C stabilizes PEX13 to inhibit porcine epidemic diarrhea virus replication by blocking pexophagy-mediated disruption of antiviral innate immunity.

Lou Jinxiu J, Guo Zhiwei Z, Chen Kang K, Tian Yuanmingyue Y et al.

The persistent threat of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) to the global swine industry is compounded by high neonatal piglet mortality and the absence of effective antiviral therapies. Host-directed strategies that reinforce immunity offer a promising avenue to counter viral immune evasion. Through screening of an FDA-approved compound library, we identify the small-molecule cyclocytidine hydrochloride (Cyclo-C) as a potent inhibitor of PEDV replication that acts by stabilizing the peroxisomal biogenesis factor PEX13, a previously unrecognized host restriction factor. The antiviral activity of Cyclo-C is strictly PEX13-dependent, as it is completely abrogated in PEX13 knockout cells. Mechanistically, Cyclo-C disrupts the interaction between PEX13 and the viral nonstructural protein 8 (NSP8), thereby preventing NSP8-mediated PEX13 degradation and the subsequent induction of PI3K/AKT/mTOR-driven pexophagy. Preservation of peroxisomal integrity stabilizes the peroxisome-localized pool of MAVS, leading to a robust enhancement of type III interferon (IFN-III) responses that suppress viral replication. Critically, this mechanism translates in vivo, where Cyclo-C treatment of PEDV-challenged piglets significantly reduces mortality, lowers viral loads, and protects intestinal villus architecture. Our findings establish Cyclo-C as a first-in-class host-directed therapeutic candidate and validate the concept that pharmacological preservation of peroxisome-mediated innate immunity represents an effective antiviral strategy against enteric coronaviruses. The high genetic variability of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) limits current vaccine efficacy, and no antiviral therapeutics exist. Host-directed therapies targeting cellular pathways that viruses exploit for immune evasion offer an alternative approach. Here, we identify the FDA-approved compound Cyclo-C as a potent inhibitor of PEDV replication. Cyclo-C acts by stabilizing PEX13, a host protein that the virus degrades to evade immunity. By blocking viral protein NSP8 from binding PEX13, Cyclo-C prevents virus-induced pexophagy, thereby preserving peroxisomal integrity. This preserves peroxisome-localized MAVS and enhances type III interferon responses. In infected neonatal piglets, Cyclo-C reduced mortality and viral loads while protecting intestinal integrity. This study provides proof of concept that targeting peroxisomal immune regulation is a viable antiviral strategy and identifies Cyclo-C as a promising candidate for treating PEDV infection.

PMID 42466851
Read full article →
PubMedLuminescence : the journal of biological and chemical luminescence2026-07-16

Pioneering Novel, Green, White, and Blue Fluorescence-Based Platforms for Sustainable and Concurrent Monitoring of Ciprofloxacin With Celecoxib or Itopride in Biological Matrices.

Barakat Neamat T NT, El-Aziz Heba Abd HA, Eid Manal I MI, Ibrahim Fawzia A FA

Two innovative spectrofluorimetric techniques were developed for the first time to enable simultaneous quantification of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride in binary mixtures with either celecoxib or itopride hydrochloride in biological fluids. The first relied on synchronous spectrofluorimetry at a constant wavelength interval (Δλ = 100 nm), which effectively reduced spectral interference and allowed accurate estimation of celecoxib and ciprofloxacin hydrochloride at their zero-crossing points of 276 and 328 nm, respectively. The second technique leveraged direct spectrofluorimetric measurement of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride and itopride hydrochloride mixture, using excitation at 258 nm that yielded two discrete emission peaks at 351 nm for ITH and 441 nm for CPN. Both methods demonstrated remarkable sensitivity and selectivity, achieving excellent linearity (r = 0.9999) across broad ranges of (0.05-3.0 μg/mL and 0.05-5.0 μg/mL for ciprofloxacin hydrochloride and celecoxib, respectively, and 0.07-4.0 μg/mL for ciprofloxacin hydrochloride and 0.04-9.0 μg/mL for itopride hydrochloride. Comprehensive greenness assessment was performed, which confirmed their low environmental burden. Moreover, whiteness and blueness evaluations highlighted the favorable integration of analytical efficiency with sustainability principles. The proposed strategies combine rapidity, high sensitivity, and environmental safety, providing reliable alternatives for routine quality control of pharmaceutical formulations and accurate determination of CPN mixtures in biological matrices.

PMID 42458825
Read full article →
PubMedAnnals of hematology2026-07-16

Breast cancer risk in female survivors of Hodgkin lymphoma after exposure to non-pegylated liposomal doxorubicin at young adult and adult age: the first real-life series from Southern Italy cancer centers.

Picardi Marco M, Vincenzi Annamaria A, Giordano Claudia C, Pugliese Novella N et al.

Studies in female Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) survivors have shown that doxorubicin hydrochloride exposure at young adult and adult (YA&A) age is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer (BC) regardless of chest-radiotherapy (c-RT). Although non-pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (NPLD)-based regimens have shown efficacy and safety in the treatment of lymphoma, the association between NPLD exposure and BC risk has not been examined in HL survivors. We assessed standardized incidence ratio (SIR) and absolute excess risk (AER) of BC in a cohort of 100 female ≥ 5-year HL survivors treated between 18 and 60 years of age with NPLD-based regimen in tertiary hospitals in southern Italy between 2009 and 2020. The median cumulative liposomal doxorubicin dose was 290 mg/m²; c-RT was administered to 20% of patients. After a median follow-up of 10 years (interquartile range, 8-11 years), no women had developed BC. Compared with the Italian general population, the SIR was 0.00 (95% confidence interval, 0.00-4.29); the standardized ratio was 86.5 per 100,000 person per year according to the AIRTUM (Associazione Italiana Registri Tumori) Working Group data for women aged between 18 and 60 years. In our series, the AER was - 8.87 per 10,000 person per year. Based on data derived from the pooled summary rate of literature, HL survivors treated with doxorubicin hydrochloride-including regimens at YA&A age had an incidence rate of BC of 1.6% at 10-year median follow-up. These data, if validated in largest datasets with longer follow-up, suggest that treatment with NPLD could be not associated with increased BC risk in HL survivors, unlike conventional doxorubicin. Our findings provide a rationale for evaluating NPLD-based frontline therapy in prospective studies of YA&A patients with newly diagnosed HL.

PMID 42461398
Read full article →
PubMedFrontiers in cell and developmental biology2026-07-16

Advances in drug addiction research using Caenorhabditis elegans: behavioral and molecular mechanisms.

Yang Lihua L, Wu Shuang S, Liu Jiale J, Wang Wenjun W et al.

Drug addiction is a complex, chronic, and relapsing neurological disorder characterized by persistent neuroadaptation and a substantial public health burden. Because of its simple nervous system, genetic tractability, short life cycle, transparent body, and quantifiable behavioral phenotypes, C. elegans (Caenorhabditis elegans) has become a useful complementary model for studying selected aspects of drug-induced behavioral adaptation. This review summarizes recent advances in the use of C. elegans to study opioids, amphetamine-type stimulants, cocaine, ketamine, ethanol, nicotine, and related anesthetic or depressant-type compounds. We discuss commonly used behavioral paradigms, including conditioned cue preference, swimming-induced paralysis, tolerance assays, withdrawal-like responses, chemotaxis, and locomotor adaptation, together with dopaminergic, cholinergic, serotonergic, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-mediated, neuropeptidergic, ion-channel, oxidative-stress, transcriptional, and epigenetic mechanisms. The main limitations of this model are also considered, including the lack of mammalian reward-circuit complexity, nematode-specific pharmacokinetic features, cuticle permeability, and limited direct translational validation. Overall, C. elegans is best used as a mechanistic and screening-level model to identify conserved pathways and candidate targets that require further validation in mammalian systems.

PMID 42459829
Read full article →
PubMedClinical practice and cases in emergency medicine2026-07-16

A Woman with Abdominal Pain.

Conrad Colton C, Alouidor Reginald R, Allison Christopher C

A 28-year-old woman with a history of cocaine and opioid use disorder presented to the emergency department with abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting for two days. She'd had irregular bowel movements with constipation for quite some time. Physical exam was notable for diffuse peritonitis and melena on digital rectal exam. Patient had a witnessed episode of hematochezia. Computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis with intravenous contrast demonstrated sigmoid colon intussusception, and the patient underwent emergent surgery for definitive treatment. Specimen was sent to surgical pathology and revealed no lead point. While sigmoid intussusception is not a rare finding, it is exceedingly rare in young adult patients who do not have a pathologic lead point. Lead points are areas of inflammation, lesions, or masses that snag the bowel and initiate the process of telescoping that ultimately results in an intussusception. This patient was not found to have such a lead point on gross examination during surgery or on extensive specimen examination in the pathology lab. Instead, her sigmoid intussusception is hypothesized to be secondary to decreased gut motility in the setting of chronic opioid use disorder.

PMID 42456284
Read full article →

+9996 more articles available with a free account

Sign up free to view all articles →

Ask about cocaine hydrochloride