yellow fever vaccine (Arilvax)

The genome sequence of the Yellow Meadow Ant, Lasius flavus (Fabricius, 1782) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae).

Broad Gavin R GR, Natural History Museum Genome Acquisition Lab, Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding Collective, Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team et al.

We present a genome assembly from an individual female Lasius flavus (Yellow Meadow Ant; Arthropoda; Insecta; Hymenoptera; Formicidae). The assembly contains two haplotypes with total lengths of 314.61 megabases and 325.88 megabases. Most of haplotype 1 (95.46%) and haplotype 2 (92.16%) are each scaffolded into 15 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled, with a length of 21.36 kilobases. This assembly was generated as part of the Darwin Tree of Life project, which produces genomes for eukaryotic species found in Britain and Ireland.

Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of recombinant BCG expressing a multi-epitope vaccine against mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Zhang Xuan-Ji XJ, Luo Jia-Rui JR, Tian Ting-Ting TT, Shi Juan J et al.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infects approximately one-quarter of the global population, of whom 5%-10% develop active tuberculosis (TB). Although Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) remains the cornerstone vaccine against severe infant TB, its efficacy in adults is limited, underscoring the need for novel TB vaccines. This study aimed to design a multi-epitope vaccine, tMEV, and validate its protective potential through bioinformatic prediction and in vivo experiments. tMEV was constructed from dominant T- and B-cell epitopes derived from Mtb ESAT-6, PE35, PPE38, and PE4 proteins, fused with an adjuvant. Its vaccine candidacy was assessed via physicochemical and solubility profiling, secondary and tertiary structure modeling, TLR-4 molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and immune simulation. The tMEV coding sequence was cloned into pMV361 and transformed into BCG to generate recombinant BCG (rBCG-tMEV). Immunogenicity, antigenicity, and protective efficacy were evaluated in mouse immunization and Mtb challenge models. tMEV exhibited favorable vaccine-like properties in silico. In mice, both tMEV and rBCG-tMEV induced Mtb-specific immune responses. Compared with PBS, tMEV significantly enhanced cellular and humoral immunity with a Th2-biased profile. Relative to conventional BCG, rBCG-tMEV elicited a superior mixed Th1-Th2 response and higher antigen-specific immunity, accompanied by increased secretion of IFN-γ, IL-2, TNF-α, granzyme B, and perforin. Moreover, rBCG-tMEV markedly reduced bacterial loads in the lungs and spleens of Mtb-infected mice, conferring partial protection. These findings demonstrate that tMEV and rBCG-tMEV possess robust immunogenicity and protective potential against Mtb, representing promising novel TB vaccine candidates and providing a rationale for future vaccine development and optimization.

Hospital SARS-CoV-2 surveillance across inpatient testing, fever clinic, and general outpatient settings: positivity, Ct gradients, and short-lag warning signals.

Cui Guanglin G, Song Ning N, Wang Wanhai W

Hospital-based SARS-CoV-2 surveillance needs to distinguish front-end detection settings from inpatient testing burden and evaluate whether outpatient virological signals can provide early warning for downstream hospital pressure. We conducted a single-center retrospective observational study using all SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test records from Zhengdong Campus, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, between 20 December 2022 and 31 December 2025. The unit of analysis was individual test specimens, classified into fever clinic, general outpatient, and inpatient testing groups. Statistical analyses included chi-square tests, non-parametric tests, logistic regression, and time-lagged correlation analyses. Among 24,751 tests, 5,000 were positive (overall positivity 20.2%). Positivity was highest in the fever clinic (26.9%), followed by general outpatient (23.5%) and inpatient settings (16.3%). Among 4,134 positive tests with available cycle threshold (Ct) values, median Ct was highest in inpatients (30.0) and lower in fever clinic (28.0) and general outpatient (27.0) settings. The proportion of general outpatient positives with Ct < 25 showed the strongest overall association with subsequent inpatient positivity at a lag of 2 biweekly intervals. Outpatient settings concentrated stronger virological signals, while inpatient testing carried the largest absolute burden of positive results. The general outpatient clinic functions as a meaningful front-end surveillance interface rather than a low-risk background category. Monitoring low-Ct enrichment in outpatient settings can provide a pragmatic early warning for short-term inpatient pressure, supporting broader outpatient-focused hospital infection prevention strategies.

Correction to "Screening Natural Cholesterol Analogs to Assemble Self-Adjuvant Lipid Nanoparticles for Antigens Tagging Guided Therapeutic Tumor Vaccine".