Drug Database
TR

tramadol (Qdolo)

✓ Approved

Athena Bioscience, LLC · Small Molecule · Small Molecule

What is tramadol?

tramadol is a small molecule developed by Athena Bioscience, LLC. It is approved for therapeutic indications via oral (po).

Drug Profile

Brand NamesQdolo
CompanyAthena Bioscience, LLC
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
RouteOral (PO)
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Athena Bioscience, LLC

Therapeutic Indications

tramadol is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Gastrointestinal disordersAbdominal pain✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedEuropean journal of clinical pharmacology2026-07-17

Precipitants and clinical features of serotonin syndrome: a systematic review with patient-level analysis of published case reports and series.

Blyzniuk Bohdan B, Danukalo Maksym M, Gastaldon Chiara C, Barbui Corrado C et al.

Serotonin syndrome (SS) is a concern for prescribers of serotonergic acting agents and mainly antidepressants, yet the implicated drug combinations and associated outcomes across clinical settings remain incompletely characterized. We performed a systematic review in PubMed/Embase, searching for SS cases in adults from the database's inception until June 2024, and conducted a patient-level and network analysis of drug co-occurrence. The quality of SS diagnoses was assessed using the Hunter Serotonin Toxicity and the Sternbach Criteria. A total of 764 cases were included; 653 (85.6%) and 496 (65.0%) met the Sternbach and the Hunter Criteria, respectively. Patients with SS following suicide attempts were more frequently admitted to intensive care units with higher mortality rates than patients with SS related to regular prescriptions (79.4% vs 35.6% and 18.0% vs 5.1%, respectively, both p < 0.001). Of 645 regular prescription cases, 92.9% were drug combinations (≥ 2 agents). Monotherapy cases were milder and often occurred after initiation of a new antidepressant in younger patients. Drug combinations involved non-antidepressants in 90.7%. Network analysis identified trazodone as the most connected antidepressant, and fentanyl and tramadol as the most connected non-antidepressant nodes. We identified five SS cases following antipsychotic discontinuation while maintaining serotonergic agents. Non-suicidal cases of SS during regular prescription were less serious than SS cases associated with intentional overdose. The emerging role of non-antidepressant agents (e.g., several opioids and antiparkinsonian drugs) as potential precipitants support tailored interprofessional medication review in poly-medicated subjects.

PMID 42463509
Read full article →
PubMedFrontiers in surgery2026-07-17

Application and advantages of intrathoracic paravertebral block in uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery.

Li Zhengjun Z, Chao Siwei S, Ma Shuai S, Li Ding D et al.

Uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) is widely used as a minimally invasive approach for pulmonary diseases. Although this technique reduces postoperative pain, acute postoperative pain remains clinically significant. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and advantages of thoracoscopic paravertebral block. This single-center prospective randomized comparative study included 228 consecutive patients who underwent uniportal VATS at our institution between August 2022 and June 2024. Patients were randomly assigned to Group A (122 patients; intraoperative thoracoscopic direct-vision transthoracic paravertebral block) or Group B (106 patients; preoperative ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral block). Perioperative data, postoperative pain scores, opioid rescue analgesic use, and postoperative complications were analyzed. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to assess differences in postoperative pain scores over time between the two groups. A total of 228 patients underwent uniportal VATS pulmonary resection. No significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of age, sex, pulmonary function, arterial blood gas analysis, surgical side, incision location, nodule size, nodule position, operative time, blood loss, drainage duration, length of hospital stay, tumor stage, or postoperative complications (P > 0.05). Postoperative complications were less frequent in Group A than in Group B. No intraoperative or 30-day postoperative mortality occurred in either group. Repeated-measures ANOVA showed significant effects of group (F = 774.002, P < 0.001), time (F = 520.972, P < 0.001), and group×time interaction (F = 4.983, P = 0.001) on VAS scores. These findings indicate that thoracoscopic paravertebral block is safe and effective. Compared with ultrasound-guided approaches, it was associated with lower postoperative pain scores and reduced rescue tramadol requirements. Further validation through prospective randomized controlled trials is required.

PMID 42465869
Read full article →
PubMedThe American journal of forensic medicine and pathology2026-07-16

Death Secondary to Acute Tramadol Intoxication in a Child: An Autopsy Case Report.

Sakly Taher T, Oualha Dorra D, Bel Hadj Mariem M, Mechri Amel A et al.

Tramadol is a centrally acting analgesic that is widely prescribed for the management of postoperative pain, and it is often considered to have low abuse potential. Fatal pediatric mono-intoxication is an exceptionally rare occurrence. The following report details the case of a 4-year-old child with no significant medical history, who was found dead in his bed 24 hours after undergoing circumcision. According to the family, the mother administered a single dose of 90 drops of Tramal (~400 mg) in accordance with the prescribed postoperative medication plan. A forensic autopsy was conducted, which revealed a eutrophic child with no traumatic injuries and pulmonary edema as the only significant finding, confirmed histologically. Postmortem toxicological analysis demonstrated a plasma tramadol concentration of 2500 ng/mL, which exceeds the therapeutic range (100-300 ng/mL) and is above the concentration often cited as fatal (>2000 ng/mL) in toxicological references. A thorough examination of the pharmaceutical container confirmed the presence of an excessive dose of the drug. The cause of death was attributed to acute tramadol intoxication, most likely due to respiratory depression. This case underscores the critical role of forensic toxicology when autopsy findings are nonspecific and highlights significant medicolegal concerns regarding prescription practices and parental education.

PMID 42461824
Read full article →
PubMedThe American journal on addictions2026-07-16

Extended-release buprenorphine in adults with opioid use disorder involving poppy seed tea: An 18-month retrospective case series.

McMaster John J, Seshakumaran Saumiya S, Abeysundera Hesitha H, Tipirneni Isha I et al.

Poppy seed tea (PST) contains unpredictable opioid concentrations, destabilising tolerance and increasing overdose risk. Extended-release buprenorphine (BUP-XR) provides sustained coverage without daily dosing. Eighteen-month follow-up of adults (N = 3) with opioid use disorder (OUD) involving PST in Australia. All had polysubstance use and transitioned to BUP-XR after 2 days to 6 months of sublingual buprenorphine. Posttransition urine drug screens were morphine-negative; one patient was intermittently tramadol-positive. All remained in treatment at 18 months. BUP-XR assisted stability within multidisciplinary care. This series adds longer-term follow-up on PST-related OUD and suggests BUP-XR feasibility.

PMID 42458627
Read full article →
PubMedJournal of chromatography. A2026-07-16

Sulfonated polyvinyl chloride microparticles onto stainless-steel sheets: A cationic-exchanger planar phase for extraction of basic drugs in saliva samples.

Chromiec Alicja A, Pedraza-Soto Ana M AM, Calero-Cañuelo Carlos C, Wietecha-Posłuszny Renata R et al.

Polymer materials are widely used as sorptive phase due to their great availability, variety and widely modification possibilities. The latter includes the introduction of different interactions between the sorbent and analytes or the enhancement of existing ones, thus increasing the extraction efficiency, selectivity, or both. This article describes a simple one-step modification of commercial polyvinyl chloride (PVC) to introduce sulfonic groups into its structure. As a result, the modified particles acquired mixed-mode sorption capacity (combination of cation-exchange and hydrophobic interactions), being confirmed by X-ray fluorescence and infrared spectroscopy. Modified PVC particles were immobilized on a stainless-steel sheet using double-sided adhesive tape, and the resulting sorptive phase was used to extract opioids (codeine, methadone, oxycodone, and tramadol) from saliva samples. During the study, key parameters affecting the extraction process (sample pH, eluent type, stirring speed, and extraction and elution times) were optimized. The procedure was combined with direct infusion tandem mass spectrometry and validated, yielding satisfactory results in terms of precision (intra-day relative standard deviation ≤ 13.4 %, inter-day relative standard deviation ≤ 9.7 %) and accuracy (intra-day relative recovery in the range of 82-111 %, inter-day relative recovery between 82 and 104 %). The scope of the developed method covers concentrations of the tested opioids found in actual saliva samples, which makes it suitable for use in drug monitoring and abuse control programs.

PMID 42456480
Read full article →
PubMedCureus2026-07-12

Comparative Evaluation of Caudal Dexmedetomidine vs. Tramadol As Adjuvants to Bupivacaine for Intraoperative Hemodynamic Stability and Postoperative Analgesia in Pediatric Infraumbilical Surgeries.

Abbas Naeem N, Bilal Abdullah A, Tariq Hafsa H, Shahzadi Humaira H et al.

Background Caudal epidural analgesia is a widely used and effective regional anesthetic technique for pediatric infraumbilical surgeries. Although bupivacaine provides reliable analgesia, its relatively short duration has prompted the use of adjuvants to prolong postoperative pain relief. Dexmedetomidine, a selective α2-adrenergic agonist, and tramadol, a centrally acting analgesic, are commonly employed caudal adjuvants; however, their comparative effects when combined with bupivacaine remain incompletely defined. Methods This prospective, randomized, double-blind study included 60 pediatric patients aged two to eight years undergoing elective infraumbilical surgeries under general anesthesia. All patients received a caudal block with 0.25% bupivacaine (1 mL/kg) and were randomized into two groups: Group D received dexmedetomidine 0.5 µg/kg (n = 30), and Group T received tramadol 1 mg/kg (n = 30). Hemodynamic parameters, including heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP), were recorded intraoperatively and at extubation. The primary outcome was time to first rescue analgesia, defined as the time from skin closure to a Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability (FLACC) score >4. Data were analyzed using appropriate parametric tests, with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results Demographic characteristics and duration of surgery were comparable between the groups. Mean age was 4.19 ± 1.91 years in Group D and 4.55 ± 2.10 years in Group T (p = 0.49), while mean body weight was 14.15 ± 4.00 kg and 15.16 ± 4.24 kg, respectively (p = 0.35). The duration of postoperative analgesia was significantly longer in the dexmedetomidine group compared with the tramadol group (812.70 ± 46.15 minutes vs. 605.53 ± 45.12 minutes; p < 0.0001). HR and MAP decreased gradually in both groups following induction, with lower values observed in the dexmedetomidine group; however, differences in HR at all measured time points were not statistically significant. MAP after extubation was significantly lower in Group D compared with Group T (66.73 ± 5.96 mmHg vs. 70.17 ± 6.86 mmHg; p = 0.04). No episodes of bradycardia or hypotension requiring intervention occurred in either group. Conclusion Dexmedetomidine (0.5 µg/kg) as an adjuvant to caudal bupivacaine provided significantly prolonged postoperative analgesia compared with tramadol (1 mg/kg) in pediatric infraumbilical surgeries. Both agents maintained stable perioperative hemodynamics without clinically significant adverse effects; however, dexmedetomidine demonstrated better attenuation of hemodynamic responses, particularly after extubation. Low-dose dexmedetomidine appears to be an effective and safe caudal adjuvant in pediatric patients undergoing infraumbilical surgical procedures.

PMID 42437239
Read full article →

+7576 more articles available with a free account

Sign up free to view all articles →

Ask about tramadol