Drug Database
FS

FSH (rFSH, LGLS / LBFS0101 / FSH, LG Chem)

✓ Approved

LG Chem Ltd. · FSHR · Recombinant Proteins

What is FSH?

FSH is a recombinant proteins developed by LG Chem Ltd.. It is approved for therapeutic indications via injectable (others) or intramuscular (im) injection or subcutaneous injection.

Drug Profile

Brand NamesrFSH, LGLS, LBFS0101, FSH, LG Chem
CompanyLG Chem Ltd.
Drug ClassRecombinant Proteins
Molecular TargetFSHR
RouteInjectable (Others), Intramuscular (IM) Injection, Subcutaneous Injection
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, LG Chem Ltd.

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

FSH acts on 1 molecular target:

FSHRfollicle stimulating hormone receptor (FSHRO, ODG1)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

FSH is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Reproductive system and breast disordersInfertility female✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedCombinatorial chemistry & high throughput screening2026-10-14

Efficacy and Safety of Acupoint Catgut Embedding Combined with Hormone Replacement Therapy versus Sham Acupoint Embedding Combined with Hormone Replacement Therapy for Diminished Ovarian Reserve: A Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial.

Zhang Yijin Y, Sun Wei W, Lao Jianting J, Wang Yueping Y et al.

To investigate the differences in efficacy between Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) combined with Acupoint Catgut Embedding (ACE) and HRT combined with Sham Acupoint Embedding (SAM) in patients with Diminished Ovarian Reserve (DOR). A prospective, multicenter, randomized, single blind, controlled trial design was employed. Participants were randomly allocated to either the HRT + ACE group or the HRT + SAM group. Active treatment lasted 3 menstrual cycles, followed by 3 cycles of follow-up. Serum AMH, AFC, Ovarian volume, and serum Testosterone (T), FSH, LH, Estradiol (E2), Prolactin (PRL), and Cytokines (IL-2, IL-6, IL-17) levels were measured pre-treatment and post 3- treatment cycles and at follow-up for 3 treatment cycles. In the treatment group, after 3 treatment cycles, AMH levels increased from baseline (P < 0.05). AFC, ovarian volume, and E2 all increased significantly in both groups compared with baseline (P < 0.05). Basal FSH (bFSH), basal LH (bLH), and IL-2 levels significantly decreased in the two groups (P < 0.05). All indicators in the treatment group at both post-treatment and 3- month follow-up were significantly better than baseline (P < 0.05). The treatment group was better than the control group in terms of AMH, AFC, bFSH, bLH, and IL-2 after 3 months and 6 months follow-up (P < 0.05). No serious adverse events occurred in either group. This study demonstrates that HRT combined with ACE can regulate neuroendocrine function, stimulate the reproductive axis, and modulate HPO axis function to improve ovarian function. Although ACE cannot normalize ovarian function, it optimizes follicle development and menstruation. It is a promising low-risk alternative for HRT-intolerant DOR patients. HRT combined with ACE can improve certain ovarian reserve indicators, including increasing AMH levels, AFC, and ovarian volume in DOR patients, with effects superior to those of HRT combined with SAM, suggesting that HRT combined with ACE may enhance ovarian function in DOR patients.

PMID 42872448
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PubMedToxicology and applied pharmacology2026-10-14

Chrysin as a multi-target regulator of tramadol-induced testicular damage: Integration of inflammation, mitochondrial dynamics, and germ cell survival pathways.

Erol İbrahim İ, Özdemir Selçuk S, Küçükler Sefa S, Özkaraca Mustafa M et al.

Tramadol, although commonly utilized as an analgesic, is an opioid derivative that may induce significant adverse consequences on the reproductive system. This study experimentally assessed the toxic effects of tramadol on testicular tissue and reproductive capabilities, as well as the protective capability of chrysin (CHR) against these effects. The results indicated that tramadol treatment caused considerable functional impairment in testicular tissue, as reflected by a notable reduction in sperm count, motility, and morphology, an elevation in the Cosentino score, and a decline in the Johnsen score and germinal epithelial thickness. Moreover, tramadol inhibited the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis by reducing testosterone, FSH, and LH levels. At the molecular level, tramadol induced heightened oxidative stress, inhibited antioxidant defense mechanisms, intensified the inflammatory response, and compromised mitochondrial function. Furthermore, an elevation in DNA damage indicators and a notable activation of the cellular stress response were observed. Substantial disturbances were also noted in miRNA expression patterns and the control of target genes. Nonetheless, CHR therapy predominantly ameliorated all functional, hormonal, and molecular alterations induced by tramadol. Spermatogenesis was partially reinstated, and sperm parameters together with hormone levels approached values comparable to those of the control groups. Moreover, substantial advancements were attained in oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and DNA damage indicators. In conclusion, CHR has significant protective and regulatory actions against tramadol-induced testicular damage.

PMID 42874878
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PubMedFrontiers in veterinary science2026-10-14

Embryonic yield-related serum proteomic analysis at bovine superovulation.

Yue Yongli Y, Xie Anping A, Fang Ruilin R, Hu Xvhui X et al.

Superovulation is a key technology for accelerating genetic improvement in cattle, but its efficiency is limited by the unpredictable ovarian response among donors. A non-invasive method to predict this response could enhance superovulation outcomes. As serum proteome may mirror ovarian function, this study aimed to identify potential serum protein biomarkers at critical time points to predict embryo yield in donor cows. In this study, blood samples were collected from 33 donor cows undergoing superovulation at two time points: before FSH administration (designated BS) and at estrus detection (designated E). Based on the total number of embryos recovered, the cows were subsequently assigned to high embryonic yield (HEY) and low embryonic yield (LEY) groups. Proteomic sequencing was performed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). A total of 352 embryos were collected. Proteomic analysis identified 1,620 proteins, corresponding to 11,726 annotated entries. A total of 154 and 102 differentially expressed proteins were identified between HEY and LEY at BS and E, respectively (|log2FC| ≥0.263, P < 0.05, FDR<0.01). Thirteen proteins were shared between the two time points, including consistently upregulated vitamin D-binding protein (GC). The enriched pathways were mainly metabolism-related. Notably, elevated TCN2 and DNMT1 at BS (AUC = 0.96 and 1.00, respectively), and AGRN, RCN3, and WNT7B at E (AUC = 1.00, 0.80, and 0.84, respectively), were associated with the HEY group, suggesting their potential as biomarkers for predicting embryo yield in bovine superovulation. Collectively, this study identified multiple serum protein biomarkers, providing novel molecular insights into the serum protein response to superovulation and laying a foundation for the development of non-invasive prediction strategies.

PMID 42872217
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PubMedJournal of pediatric and adolescent gynecology2026-10-13

Hormonal and Metabolic Features of Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome with and without Gonadectomy.

Jumani Sanjay S, Lehembre-Shiah Eugenie E, Kaur Harveen H, Brookhart Carolyn D CD et al.

Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (CAIS) is a variation of sex characteristics caused by androgen receptor gene mutations. As clinical practice increasingly supports deferring gonadectomy when appropriate, understanding hormonal and metabolic profiles is critical to inform longitudinal health. To characterize hormonal, metabolic, and anthropometric features in CAIS, including those with intact gonads. Cross-sectional analysis of participants enrolled in an ongoing natural history study. (NCT04708431). Tertiary referral center. Twenty-two individuals with a 46-XY Karyotype and CAIS; 14 retained gonads and 8 with gonadectomy. Fasting hormonal and cardiometabolic assays, anthropometrics, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition. Participants were tall and lean; median height was at the 86th percentile and 70% had body and truncal fat below female norms. 80% demonstrated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR >2). Estradiol levels below 30 pg/mL were seen in one-third of individuals. Testosterone was elevated (>871ng/dL) in 43% of those with intact gonads. Those with gonadectomy were significantly older, had lower androgens, higher FSH, total cholesterol and LDL, and Android/Gynoid body fat ratios than those with intact gonads. Approximately one-third of individuals with intact gonads had elevated FSH and LH, suggesting early gonadal insufficiency with lower estradiol and DHEAS. There were no significant differences in BMD in any subcohort. Our cohort had a high frequency of low estrogen exposure and evidence of early insulin resistance despite normal body composition. These findings highlight the need for longitudinal endo-metabolic monitoring and may inform the timing of gonadectomy.

PMID 42863747
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PubMedZhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica2026-10-13

[Mechanism of Danhong Injection in regulating endometrial breakdown during menstruation via HIF1A/CXCR4 pathway].

Wu Bei-Bei BB, Liu Xiang X, DU Hong-Hong HH, Liu Nan N et al.

This paper aims to investigate the effects of Danhong Injection on endometrial breakdown in a menstrual-like mouse model and its underlying mechanisms.In this study,a menstrual-like mouse model was established,and uterine tissue morphology was observed at different time points after progesterone(P4) withdrawal.The menstrual-like mice were randomly divided into a sham group,a model group,low-(0.6 mL·kg~(-1)) and high-(1.2 mL·kg~(-1)) dose Danhong Injection groups,and a high-dose Danhong Injection plus hypoxia-inducible factor-lα(HIF1A) inhibitor(PX-478,40 mg·kg~(-1)) group.The results show that 24 hours after P4withdrawal,compared with those in the sham group,the mice in the model group exhibit decreased serum P4 and estradiol(E_2)levels,increased follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH) and luteinizing hormone(LH) levels,endometrial breakdown,and significantly increased apoptosis rate.The gene and protein expression of inflammatory cytokines,such as tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6),interleukin-10(IL-10),and cluster of differentiation 45(CD45) were increased.The gene and protein expression of apoptosis-related proteins,such as activated cleaved caspase-3,HIF1A,and C-X-C chemokine receptor 4(CXCR4),were also increased.The B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2)/Bcl-2-associated X protein(Bax) decreased.After Danhong Injection intervention,especially in the high-dose Danhong Injection group,serum P4 levels were increased,while E_2,FSH,and LH levels were decreased.Endometrial breakdown and apoptosis were alleviated;inflammatory cytokines and cleaved caspase-3 expression were downregulated;IL-10 levels,Bcl-2/Bax,and gene and protein expression of HIF1A and CXCR4 were unregulated.By 48 hours after P4 withdrawal,partial endometrial repair occurred in the mice from the model group,with increased protein expression of α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA) and matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9),while mRNA expression of HIF1A and CXCR4 showed no significant changes.Although Danhong Injection with different doses did not significantly alter serum hormone levels at this time point,it accelerated endometrial repair and reduced α-SMA and MMP-9 protein expression.The HIF1A inhibitor PX-478 reversed its positive effects during the repair phase.In summary,Danhong Injection may delay P4 withdrawal and improve the hormonal environment,thereby alleviating endometrial breakdown in menstrual-like mice.In the local endometrium,its mechanism of action may be related to activating the HIF1A/CXCR4 signaling pathway,inhibiting excessive stromal cell apoptosis,alleviating inflammatory responses,and promoting tissue homeostasis restoration.

PMID 42869803
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PubMedChemistry & biodiversity2026-10-13

Systems Pharmacology and Multitarget Modulation of Letrozole-HFD-Induced Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome by Fruit Pulp of Prunus armeniaca.

Priya Ratna R, Jangwan Nitish Singh NS, Dobhal Swati S, Bisht Shradha S et al.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifactorial endocrine-metabolic disorder characterized by hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and chronic inflammation. The present study investigated the multitarget pharmacological effects of hydroalcoholic extract of fruit pulp of Prunus armeniaca (HAE of FPPA) in a letrozole-high-fat diet (HFD)-induced PCOS model using integrated network pharmacology, ADMET profiling, molecular docking, and experimental validation. Intersection analysis identified 105 common targets between major FPPA phytoconstituents and PCOS-associated proteins, with enrichment of PI3K/Akt, MAPK, HIF-1, endocrine resistance, and inflammatory signaling pathways. Docking analysis demonstrated strong interactions of rutin, chlorogenic acid, and catechin with selected network-prioritized PCOS-associated proteins involved in insulin signaling, inflammation, and steroidogenesis. In vivo, HAE of FPPA dose-dependently restored estrous cyclicity, normalized LH/FSH ratio and testosterone levels, improved insulin resistance, β -cell function, and dyslipidemia, and reduced lactate dehydrogenase activity and atherogenic index. FPPA further attenuated ovarian oxidative stress through suppression of lipid peroxidation and restoration of GSH, GPx, GR, and SOD levels, accompanied by marked recovery of ovarian histoarchitecture with reduced cystic follicles and reappearance of corpus luteum. Collectively, this study provides the first integrated experimental and systems pharmacology evidence supporting FPPA as a promising multitarget phytotherapeutic candidate for hyperandrogenic and metabolically driven PCOS.

PMID 42865035
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