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methylene blue (Lumeblue / methylene blue MMX)

✓ Approved

Cosmo Pharmaceuticals · Small Molecule · Small Molecule

What is methylene blue?

methylene blue is a small molecule developed by Cosmo Pharmaceuticals. It is approved for therapeutic indications via oral (po).

Drug Profile

Brand NamesLumeblue, methylene blue MMX
CompanyCosmo Pharmaceuticals
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
RouteOral (PO)
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Cosmo Pharmaceuticals

Therapeutic Indications

methylene blue is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Gastrointestinal disordersGastrointestinal mucosal necrosis✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedComputational and structural biotechnology journal2026-10-15

Lipid-Metal-Organic Framework Colloidosomes for Multimodal Encapsulation and Pollutant Capture.

Podliska Jeshua J, Jana Rahul Dev RD, Ravanfar Raheleh R

The development of stable colloidosomes capable of accommodating chemically distinct molecular species while retaining accessible porosity remains an important challenge for multifunctional encapsulation and pollutant-capture applications. Here, we develop a hybrid lipid-metal-organic framework (lipid-MOF) colloidosome assembled through an interfacial emulsification strategy that integrates the structural rigidity of zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 particles with lipid-mediated membrane stabilization. During assembly, zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 particles accumulate at the oil-water interface to form a shell, producing hollow micron-sized spherical colloidosomes. The resulting colloidosomes exhibit excellent colloidal stability in aqueous media for more than 30 d with a zeta potential of approximately -50 mV. Nitrogen adsorption measurements reveal a surface area of 45 m2 g-1 and an average pore width of 4 nm for the dried composite following vacuum degassing at 100 °C for 24 h. Fluorescence imaging shows that hydrophobic Nile Red preferentially partitions into the colloidosomal membrane, whereas hydrophilic fluorescein isothiocyanate (t) localizes predominantly within the aqueous interior. The lipid-MOF colloidosomes enable encapsulation of hydrophilic methylene blue molecules with loading efficiencies approaching 90%. Furthermore, the colloidosomes demonstrate rapid removal of model pollutants from water, achieving >90% removal of methylene blue and metal ions without stirring. Together, these results introduce lipid-MOF colloidosomes as a new class of hybrid platforms that unify structural stability, multicompartmental encapsulation, and efficient adsorption behavior, opening pathways toward sustainable platforms for drug delivery application and environmental bioremediation.

PMID 42876916
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PubMedEnvironmental science and pollution research international2026-10-15

In-situ magnetic nanocomposite of fluorite MO2 and spinel M3O4 (where M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and Ce) for photocatalytic application.

Pradhan Sanjula S, Barick Kanhu Charan KC, Dutta Bijaideep B, Vasundhara Mutta M et al.

The fluorite structured CeO2 is a well-known material for catalysis, sensors, fuel cells, and environmental remediation application due to rapid Ce4+/Ce3+ cycling. Similarly, the recently reported high entropy oxides (HEOs) have tailorable bandgaps, improved charge separation, and multiple redox-active sites, which make them an efficient catalyst for pollutant degradation. Herein, we report the catalytic property of in-situ nanocomposite of fluorite MO2 and spinel structured high entropy oxide of M3O4 (where M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and Ce). The composite was able to degrade around 92% of the methylene blue (MB) dye in 60 min during the photo-Fenton reaction. Further, the mass spectroscopy (MS) study of the solution obtained after complete degradation (in 90 min) of MB justified its total mineralisation. The magnetization value of ~ 25 emu/g of the composite endorses its ability for easy recovery and recycling. The structural and morphological studies via x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy indicate the existence of both CeO2 and M3O4 (spinel structure) phases. The valences of the respective cations were confirmed from x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

PMID 42875703
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PubMedAnalytical methods : advancing methods and applications2026-10-15

Fluorescent aptamer sensing of clenbuterol and salbutamol in artificial urine and construction of a proof-of-concept screening model.

Dong Qinfeng Q

A proof-of-concept differential dual-modal aptamer array was developed for clenbuterol (CLB) and salbutamol (SAL) screening in artificial urine. A CLB-selective aptamer and AP-Ago, a broad β2-agonist aptamer, were coupled to graphene-oxide fluorescence resonance energy transfer and to methylene-blue/ferrocene-labelled gold electrodes. Their four responses formed an analyte fingerprint by combining CLB-selective recognition with the broader response of AP-Ago. Seventy-two blind-coded samples represented six matrices, four screening classes and three independent preparation batches. Batches 1-2 (n = 48) supported model development, whereas batch 3 (n = 24; six samples per class) was locked for external assessment. Weighted calibration gave provisional procedural limits of detection of 0.083 ng mL-1 for CLB and 0.164 ng mL-1 for SAL. Mean external prediction-to-reference ratios were approximately 96% for CLB and 81% for SAL, distinct from controlled spike recoveries; intraday precision was 3.7% and interbatch precision was 5.8%. Against isotope-dilution LC-MS/MS, concordance correlation coefficients were 0.939 for CLB and 0.793 for SAL. A regularized multinomial logistic model achieved external balanced accuracy of 0.833, macro-F1 of 0.836 and Matthews correlation coefficient of 0.791. The reported bootstrap 95% confidence interval for balanced accuracy was 0.656-0.969, reflecting the small external set. The results support a candidate front-end triage strategy within the tested artificial matrices: differential signals identify presumptive CLB, SAL-associated high-response and mixed patterns, while any presumptive positive is referred for confirmatory LC-MS/MS rather than used for an anti-doping adjudication.

PMID 42876190
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PubMedAnalytical methods : advancing methods and applications2026-10-15

An all-in-one analytical platform for rapid determination of toxic dyes in complex water by SERS and machine learning.

Gao Jie J, Yu Qian Q, Guan Zhiwen Z, Zhang Weiwei W et al.

Rapid and reliable determination of toxic dyes in complex aqueous environments remains challenging because matrix interference and complicated sample pretreatment often compromise analytical accuracy and practical applicability. Therefore, an integrated filtration-adsorption-SERS sensing platform coupled with one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) modeling was fabricated for rapid and quantitative detection of malachite green (MG) and methylene blue (MB) in complex water samples. Polypropylene filter cloth (PPFC) served as a porous fibrous support for sample filtration, while Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were uniformly immobilized on the fiber surfaces via a seed-mediated in situ growth strategy to provide SERS-active sites. Activated carbon was incorporated into the PPFC/Ag filter configuration to provide adsorption of the target dyes during sample treatment. The resulting configuration integrates filtration, adsorption, and SERS detection within a common analytical workflow, while 1D-CNN modeling was employed for quantitative analysis of the acquired SERS spectra. Benefiting from the integrated filtration-adsorption configuration and porous fibrous architecture, the platform exhibited high signal uniformity and favorable analytical performance, with detection limits of 10-9 M for both MG and MB. Adsorption kinetic analysis demonstrated that dye removal followed the pseudo-second-order model, with equilibrium removal efficiencies of 99.7% for MB and 98.6% for MG. To improve quantitative reliability in complex matrices, a 1D-CNN model was employed for SERS spectral analysis, yielding high accuracy with R2 values of 0.992 and 0.982 for MB and MG, respectively, with low prediction errors. Furthermore, spiked Moyan Lake water samples showed recoveries of 98.14% and 96.37% for MB and MG, respectively, with RSD values of 4.53% and 4.91%, demonstrating satisfactory accuracy and precision in a real water matrix. By integrating these complementary functions within the same filtration configuration, the proposed platform establishes a continuous analytical workflow from sample filtration and adsorption to SERS detection and quantitative analysis. This integrated design simplifies the conventional multi-step procedure and provides a sensitive, reliable, and practical approach for rapid monitoring of trace organic dyes in complex water matrices.

PMID 42876330
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PubMedSmall methods2026-10-15

3D-Nanostructured ITO Enables High-Loading Prussian Blue Cathodes for Zn-Based Electrochromic Smart Windows.

Sangarane Renald R, Palamadathil Kannattil Hamid H, Harris Kenneth D KD, Limoges Benoît B et al.

Prussian Blue (PB) is an attractive electrochromic cathode material for aqueous electrochromic energy-storage smart windows, but its performance remains limited by the low areal capacity of thin-coatings deposited on planar transparent conductive oxides. Here, we overcome this limitation by combining galvanostatic electrodeposition with 3D-nanostructured ITO electrodes, enabling conformal growth of PB with high-loadings, while maintaining mechanical stability and fast electrochemical response. The resulting electrodes sustain charge densities up to 100 mC/cm2 at relatively high rates. When integrated into Zn/PB smart window devices, they enable fast and homogeneous coloration/bleaching with enhanced optical contrast and charge storage capacity, while also exhibiting high cyclability. Device configurations based on reversible Zn electrodeposition onto a transparent ITO counter electrode enable improved control over optical contrast and electric field distribution, while a three-electrode architecture incorporating a sacrificial Zn anode provides a route toward in situ regeneration of the electrochromic cathode and extended device lifetime.

PMID 42876420
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PubMedScandinavian journal of psychology2026-10-15

Waste Bin Design Matters: Evidence From a Controlled Experiment With a Waste Separation Task.

Högberg Anna A, Grane Camilla C, Sörqvist Patrik P

Waste separation prevents material contamination, which is key to sustainable recycling. Evidence suggests that waste bin design can influence the way people separate waste when recycling. However, this evidence comes from field studies with relatively low internal validity. We report results from a controlled experiment (N = 100) using a novel waste sorting task to isolate the effect of bin design on recycling behavior. We focused on whether participants accurately placed refundable bottles/cans in special waste bins (called "deposit collection tubes"). Results showed that a blue/experimental deposit collection tube improved sorting of refundable bottles/cans compared to a gray/conventional version. This effect was quite large (odds ratio = 2.25), remained consistent after statistical control of individual differences (e.g., recycling norms, habits), and was explained by the blue tube's superior noticeability. These results show that waste bin design really matters to recycling behavior and that an appropriate design can guide people to a desirable outcome. Design and policy implications are discussed.

PMID 42875695
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