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Salinum (Salinum / Salinum)

✓ Approved

Sinclair · Small Molecule · Small Molecule

What is Salinum?

Salinum is a small molecule developed by Sinclair. It is approved for therapeutic indications via oral (po) or sublingual (sl)/oral transmucosal.

Drug Profile

Brand NamesSalinum, Salinum
CompanySinclair
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
RouteOral (PO), Sublingual (SL)/Oral Transmucosal
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Sinclair

Therapeutic Indications

Salinum is developed for 2 unique indications across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Gastrointestinal disordersDry mouth✓ Approved
Gastrointestinal disordersSalivary hyposecretion✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedArchives of microbiology2026-09-11

Halosimplex yunnanense sp. nov., a novel haloarchaeon from an underground salt mine.

Gong Ming M, Zhang Aodi A, Huang Kexin K, Shao Shilong S et al.

Strain J119T, a halophilic archaeon, was isolated from a salt mine sample collected in Yunnan Province, China. Cells are spherical (diameter 0.5-0.7 µm) or short‑rod‑shaped (0.4-0.5 × 0.7-0.8 µm), non‑motile, Gram‑stain‑negative, and can grow at 20-55°C (optimum 42°C), with NaCl tolerance ranging from 15% to 30% (w/v) (optimum 20%) and a pH growth range of 5.5-9.0 (optimum pH 7.0). Strain J119T's nearly complete 16S rRNA gene sequence (1,452 bp; accession MW736888.1) shows the highest sequence similarity (97.32%) to Halosimplex salinum YPL4T; this value is lower than the species boundary threshold of 98.65%. Its rpoB' gene (1,830 bp; NZ_JBTJEL000000000.1) shares the highest similarity (95.52%) with Halosimplex aquaticum XZYJT29T. Genomic analyses revealed that the average amino acid identity, average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain J119T and strains YPL4T and XZYJT29T were 78.58%, 82.59%, 25.50% and 82.61%, 85.70%, 29.20%, respectively. The genomic DNA G + C content of strain J119T is 66.5%. Phenotypic, phylogenetic, and genome-based analyses suggest that strain J119T (= KCTC 4326T = MCCC 4K00178T) represents a novel species of the genus Halosimplex, for which the name Halosimplex yunnanense sp. nov. is proposed.

PMID 42726275
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PubMedMarine life science & technology2026-05-26

Notes on the life cycle of a new marine ciliate, Metafolliculina songi n. sp. (Protozoa, Ciliophora, Heterotrichea), with description of its infraciliature and phylogeny.

Ye Tingting T, Ma Mingzhen M, Park Jemin J, Shin Mann Kyoon MK et al.

With a total of 33 genera, the family Folliculinidae Dons, 1914 represents the most genus-rich lineage within the class Heterotrichea. Its members are characterized by a transparent lorica, conspicuous peristomial lobes, and a dimorphic life cycle, which distinguishes them from other heterotrichs. Although approximately 80 nominal species have been recognized within the family, most aspects of their morphology, life cycle, and molecular information are still unknown. In the present study, a new species, Metafolliculina songi n. sp., collected from a wetland in China, is investigated using morphological and molecular methods. The complete life cycle and morphology of this species are documented, along with detailed ecological information and cultivation protocols. Notably, this folliculinid exhibits unique vulnerabilities: its short, wide neck and lack of a closure mechanism make it susceptible to predation by the ciliate Loxophyllum salinum and infestation by rotifers. Phylogenetic analysis based on small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) sequences confirms the monophyletic nature of the family Folliculinidae. However, M. songi n. sp. unexpectedly formed a sister relationship with Metafolliculina + Eufolliculina, suggesting evolutionary relationships within this family require further investigation through additional data. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42995-026-00376-3.

PMID 42186546
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PubMedBMC microbiology2025-11-29

Genome-based classification of Halonovum salinarum gen. nov., sp. nov., and Halonovum rutilum sp. nov., two novel halophilic archaea isolated from a solar saltern.

Hwang Chi Young CY, Cho Eui-Sang ES, Lee Ki-Eun KE, Lee Eun-Young EY et al.

BACKGROUND: Haloarchaea, belonging to the class Halobacteria, currently include more than 400 validly published species. The isolation of novel halophilic archaea is important for understanding their evolutionary, ecological, and taxonomic diversity. Within the family Haloferacaceae, the genus Halorarum comprises two species reclassified from Halobaculum and one newly described species. In this study, we propose a new genus, Halonovum, to accommodate two novel species that are phylogenetically related to the genera Halobaculum and Halorarum. RESULTS: Two novel halophilic archaeal strains, MBLA0143T and MBLA0147T, were isolated from a solar saltern in Republic of Korea. Strain MBLA0143T and MBLA0147T showed the highest 16 S rRNA gene similarity (94.5% and 94.3%) to Halorarum salinum NJ-3-1T, and these two isolates were confirmed to represent different species, with 93.7% 16 S rRNA gene similarity between them. Their growth occurred at 25–55 °C (optimum, 40 °C), 2.5–5.1 M NaCl (optimum, 4.2 M), 0.1–1.0 M MgCl2 (optimum, 0.1 M), and pH 5.0–9.0 (optimum, 6.0–7.0). The predominant polar lipids detected in these two strains included phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester. The genome size and G + C content of strain MBLA0143T were 3.58 Mbp and 68.3%, while those of strain MBLA0147T was 4.29 Mbp and 67.6%. The OrthoANI (74.6–76.1% for MBLA0143ᵀ and 73.8–75.3% for MBLA0147ᵀ), AAI (66.9–71.7% for MBLA0143ᵀ and 66.9–67.8% for MBLA0147ᵀ), and isDDH (20.8–21.5% for MBLA0143ᵀ and 20.0–20.7% for MBLA0147ᵀ) values between these two species and currently recognized Halobaculum and Halorarum species support their placement in different genera within the family Haloferacaceae, based on the genus delimitation thresholds. In addition, phylogenomic analyses confirmed that the two novel species are distinct from species of other genera. CONCLUSIONS: These results combined with polyphasic taxonomic analyses support that strains MBLA0143T and MBLA0147T represent a novel genus related to the genera Halobaculum and Halorarum. Two novel species are proposed to be classified into a novel genus and species, named Halonovum salinarum gen. nov., sp. nov. and Halonovum rutilum sp. nov. The type strains are MBLA0143T (= KCTC 4317T = JCM 36640T) and MBLA0147T (= KCTC 4319T = JCM 36641T).

PMID 41315906
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PubMedSystematic and applied microbiology2025-11-28

Natronorubrum marinum sp. nov., Natronorubrum amylolyticum sp. nov., Natronorubrum halobium sp. nov., and Natronorubrum salinum sp. nov., halophilic archaea from a coastal saline-alkali land and two saline lakes.

Mao Ya-Ling YL, Hu Yao Y, Wu Zhang-Ping ZP, Sun Ya-Ping YP et al.

Four novel halophilic archaeal strains, DTA7T, DTA28T, FCH18aT, and WLHS9T, were isolated from a coastal saline-alkali land and two saline lakes in China. The metagenomic analyses revealed that the coastal saline-alkali land from Dongtai tidal flat the highest relative abundance of archaea compared to the saline sediment samples of Feicui Salt Lake and Wulanhushao Salt Lake. These four strains showed high sequence similarities to current species within the genus Natronorubrum judged by 16S rRNA gene and rpoB' gene sequence similarities, and formed tight clusters with current Natronorubrum species based on the phylogenies of these two house-keeping genes. Phylogenomic analysis confirmed the phylogenies based on 16S rRNA gene and rpoB' genes. Comparative genomic analysis revealed that the average nucleotide identity (ANI), digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH), and average amino acid identity (AAI) values among these four strains and existing species of the genus Natronorubrum were 76.8-92.7 %, 22.8-52.7 %, and 73.4-94.7 %, respectively. These overall genome-related indexes were significantly below the thresholds for species delineation. These four strains showed optimal growth at 1.7-3.1 M NaCl, 37 °C, and pH 7.0-9.5. Strain WLHS9T was found to be a neutrophilic halophile, while the others exhibited alkaliphilic halophilic characteristics. The major phospholipids detected in these four strains included phosphatidic acid (PA), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), and phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester (PGP-Me). The glycolipid of strain WLHS9T was identical to that of the current neutrophilic species of Natronorubrum. Based on phylogenetic analysis, phenotypic characteristics, polar lipid profiles, and phylogenomic data, strains DTA7T, DTA28T, FCH18aT, and WLHS9T represent four novel species within the genus, namely, Natronorubrum marinum sp. nov., Natronorubrum amylolyticum sp. nov., Natronorubrum halobium sp. nov., and Natronorubrum salinum sp. nov., respectively.

PMID 41308344
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PubMedIUBMB life2025-06-18

Euryhaline Black Yeasts From the Arabian Gulf: Descriptions of Salinomyces qatarensis sp. nov. and Hortaea werneckii Genotypic Variations.

Fotedar Rashmi R, Zalar Polona P, Al Malaki Amina A, Al Zeyara Aisha A et al.

The Arabian Gulf surrounding Qatar is an oligotrophic marine environment characterized by extreme conditions, such as increased water temperatures and high salinity compared to other semi-enclosed seas, such as the Mediterranean Sea. Thirty-six black yeast-like isolates were obtained from marine waters surrounding Qatar, representing 4% of all isolated yeasts. DNA sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS1, ITS2), the 5.8S rRNA gene, and the D1/D2 domains of the LSU rDNA identified 20 isolates as Hortaea werneckii, and 15 (75%) of them represent previously unknown genotypes with a wide NaCl tolerance at 37°C. In addition, 16 meristematic black yeast-like cultures were isolated that grew as multi-cellular bodies and reproduced by endoconidiation. Phylogenetic analysis based on the D1/D2 domains of LSU rDNA, partial sequences of the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2) and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF) of selected representative strains of Dothideomycetes and of morphologically similar taxa, Pseudotaeniolina globosa and Trimmatostroma salinum, supported the proposal of meristematic black yeast-like cultures as a new species, Salinomyces qatarensis sp. nov., within Teratosphaeriaceae, Mycosphaerellales. The holotype is designated as CBS 150510, with ex-type strains EXF-15246 and QCC/Y38/18, and the species is registered in Mycobank as MB#848869. In addition, based on the above molecular analysis, a new combination was proposed for an euryhaline fungus from Mediterranean salterns, Trimmatostroma salinum, into the genus Verrucocladosporium as V. salinum, MB#856063. This study increases our knowledge of the distribution and genetic diversity of Hortaea werneckii, the etiological agent of tinea nigra. In addition, the description of S. qatarensis and the combination of euryhaline T. salinum to Verrucocladosporium provides support for halotolerance as one of the traits in Dothideomycetes.

PMID 40530903
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PubMedSystematic and applied microbiology2025-03-05

Genome-based taxonomy of the family Haloarculaceae, proposal of Natronomonadaceae fam. nov., and description of four novel halophilic archaea from two saline lakes and a marine solar saltern.

Zhu Ling-Rui LR, Mao Ya-Ling YL, Hu Yao Y, Sun Ya-Ping YP et al.

A new family related to the family Haloarculaceae was proposed and the genus Actinarchaeum was merged into the genus Halocatena through phylogenetic, phylogenomic, and comparative genomic analyses. Four strains KK48T, YCN56T, SYNS191T, and SYNS196T with new taxonomic status were isolated from inland saline lakes and a marine solar saltern. According to the comparison of 16S rRNA gene and rpoB' gene sequences, strains KK48T, YCN56T, SYNS191T, and SYNS196T showed high sequence similarities to the genera Salinibaculum and Salinirubellus, respectively. The values of average nucleotide identity, digital DNA-DNA hybridization, and average amino acid identity between these strains and the species of Salinibaculum and Salinirubellus ranged from 75.3 to 77.7 %, 24.5-25.9 % and 66.3-73.4 %, respectively. These data were well below the threshold for species classification, supporting their placements in new taxa. The major polar lipids of these strains were phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester, phosphatidylglycerol sulfate, sulfated mannosyl glucosyl diether, mannosyl glucosyl diether, and disulfated mannosyl glucosyl diether. Based on the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic, and phylogenomic properties, strains KK48T (= CGMCC 1.19060T = JCM 35607T), YCN56T (= CGMCC 1.62603T = JCM 36493T), SYNS191T (= CGMCC 1.62607T = JCM 36494T), and SYNS196T (= CGMCC 1.62608T = JCM 36495T) represent four novel species of the genera Salinibaculum and Salinirubellus. And Salinibaculum rarum sp. nov., Salinibaculum salinum sp. nov., Salinibaculum marinum sp. nov., and Salinirubellus litoreus sp. nov. are proposed to accommodate these strains.

PMID 40036997
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