Drug Database
AM

amiodarone (Nexterone / PM101 / amiodarone, Prism)

✓ Approved

Baxter International, Inc. · SCN5A · Small Molecule

What is amiodarone?

amiodarone is a small molecule developed by Baxter International, Inc.. It is approved for therapeutic indications via injectable (others) or intravenous (iv).

Drug Profile

Brand NamesNexterone, PM101, amiodarone, Prism
CompanyBaxter International, Inc.
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
Molecular TargetSCN5A
RouteInjectable (Others), Intravenous (IV)
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Baxter International, Inc.

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

amiodarone acts on 1 molecular target:

SCN5Asodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 5 (CMD1E, SSS1)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

amiodarone is developed for 2 unique indications across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Cardiac disordersVentricular fibrillation✓ Approved
Cardiac disordersVentricular tachycardia✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedFrontiers in surgery2026-10-15

Unexplained intraoperative cardiac tamponade during thoracoscopic lobectomy: a case report.

Zhang Wenyu W, Yan Ruixu R, Lu Xiujie X, Liu Junchao J

Cardiac tamponade is a life-threatening emergency characterized by reduced cardiac output and circulatory failure. It most commonly occurs during cardiac surgery, interventional cardiology procedures, pericardiocentesis, or central venous catheterization, as well as in the setting of acute myocardial infarction or aortic dissection. To the best of our knowledge, cardiac tamponade during video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) lobectomy has not been reported and may has an insidious presentation, making diagnosis challenging in the absence of obvious pericardial injury. We report a case of unexplained intraoperative cardiac tamponade in a 74-year-old man undergoing VATS left upper lobectomy. During hilar vessel dissection, the blood pressure decreased to 82/65mmHg. The heart rate increased to 95 beats/min, requiring norepinephrine infusion (0.2-0.3 μg·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹) to maintain blood pressure. However, no bleeding was evident in the surgical field, hemoglobin and lactate levels remained stable, and oxygenation and airway pressures were unchanged. After considering and excluding major differential diagnoses, including tension pneumothorax, hypovolemic shock, and pulmonary embolism, intraoperative point-of-care transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) was performed and revealed pericardial effusion with echocardiographic features of cardiac tamponade. Creation of a pericardial window with drainage of approximately 200 mL of bloody fluid. Immediately, blood pressure rose to 170/90 mmHg and heart rate decreased to 82 beats per minute. No definitive source of bleeding was identified during the operation. On postoperative day1, the patient developed paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, which resolved after treatment with amiodarone. Serial TTE on postoperative days 1, 2, and 6 showed no significant abnormalities. The chest tube was removed on postoperative day 6, and the patient was discharged the following day. During VATS lobectomy, intraoperative hypotension that cannot be explained by blood loss or changes in ventilation parameters, particularly when accompanied by a narrowed pulse pressure, should prompt consideration of occult cardiac tamponade. Early point-of-care ultrasonography and timely pericardial drainage are essential for rapid diagnosis and hemodynamic stabilization.

PMID 42876780
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PubMedEClinicalMedicine2026-10-14

Derivation of a blood count-based machine learning model to prioritise sequencing for high-risk clonal haematopoiesis: a retrospective cohort study.

Nandi Riya R, Zhao Kun K, Pershad Yash Y, Khondoker Nabi Nazmoon NN et al.

Clonal haematopoiesis is a precursor of myeloid neoplasia and common in older adults, Precursor risk stratification is critical to early cancer detection, guiding surveillance and prevention efforts to high-risk populations. Existing clonal haematopoiesis risk scores use molecular features to estimate risk of myeloid neoplasia, but only around 1% of adults with detectable clonal haematopoiesis are at high risk of myeloid neoplasia transformation. Moreover, sequencing based molecular diagnostics are expensive with limited global availability highlighting the need for pre-sequencing strategies which identify populations enriched for individuals with high-risk clonal haematopoiesis. We used blood count parameters, age, and sex as input features to and develop a multi-class machine learning model that pre-classifies individuals based on their probability of having high-risk clonal haematopoiesis or developing future myeloid neoplasia. Stratified splitting was used to divide 461,576 eligible UK Biobank participants (recruited October 1, 2006 to March 13, 2010) into a training cohort for model derivation (n = 369,260) and a test cohort for internal validation (n = 92,316). Ground truth output class assignments were defined based on documented progression to incident myeloid neoplasia and presence of clonal haematopoiesis with high-risk features defined using molecular parameters of the clonal haematopoiesis risk score. Individuals were labelled positive if they had high-risk clonal haematopoiesis and progressed to myeloid neoplasia, negative if they lacked clonal haematopoiesis with high-risk features, and equivocal if they had higher risk features but had no documented incident myeloid neoplasia event. We then compared model predictions against ground truth labels for validation in the UKB test cohort as well as in independent clinical and population cohorts from Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Hematologic Malignancy Data Repository (HMDR; n = 2233; March 26, 2010, to June 5, 2024) and the All of US database (n = 14,674; May 31, 2017 to October 1, 2023), respectively. The resulting pre-sequencing risk model (PRISM) categorises all cases of high-risk clonal haematopoiesis as positive and pre-classifies 40% (2158 of 5383) of low-risk clonal haematopoiesis and 55% (47,894 of 86,429) of clonal haematopoiesis-negative cases as negative. Validation of PRISM revealed an area under the curve of 0.89 (95% CI 0.85-0.93) in the UK Biobank test cohort, 0.74 (0.61-0.84) in HMDR, and 0.87 (0.77-0.96) in All of US. Negative predictive values for negative class assignments were 0.993 (95% CI 0.992-0.993) in the UKB test cohort, 0.968 (0.943-0.981) in HMDR, and 0.998 (0.997-0.999) in All of US. PRISM positive class assignment defines a population most enriched for high-risk clonal haematopoiesis, while negative class predictions, mark individuals without high-risk clonal haematopoiesis. PRISM therefore provides a framework for reproducibly assigning blood count-based risk thresholds to prioritise clonal haematopoiesis screening in populations at risk for myeloid neoplasia. Damon Runyon Cancer Research Foundation, Edward P Evans Foundation for MDS, and the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute.

PMID 42871440
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PubMedThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2026-10-14

Iopanoic Acid in Severe Thyrotoxicosis: Rediscovering an Effective Therapy.

Taylor Peter P, Schoenmakers Nadia N, Duntas Leonidas L, Scholz Anna A et al.

Severe thyrotoxicosis remains a high-risk endocrine emergency, particularly in thyroid storm and amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis (AIT), where morbidity and mortality remain substantial despite modern intensive care. Rapid reduction of circulating triiodothyronine (T3) is central to stabilization, yet conventional therapies are often slow, unpredictable, or ineffective, particularly in iodine-replete states such as AIT. We reviewed mechanistic, pharmacokinetic and clinical evidence for iopanoic acid, a potent inhibitor of type I and type II 5'-deiodinase that produces rapid, reversible suppression of peripheral thyroxine (T4) to T3 conversion, alongside comparative rescue strategies including Lugol's iodine, perchlorate, lithium, cholestyramine and therapeutic plasma exchange. Across early clinical studies and a contemporary tertiary-center case series, short-course iopanoic acid consistently produced large, rapid reductions in serum T3, typically within 24-48 hours, with parallel clinical improvement. In a recent series of 12 patients with treatment-resistant thyrotoxicosis, mean free T3 fell by approximately 55%, normalizing within a median of 2 days and enabling progression to definitive surgery in most cases. Reported use extends beyond thyroid storm to urgent pre-operative preparation of uncontrolled hyperthyroidism, amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis and destructive thyroiditis. Adverse effects are uncommon and generally mild, and withdrawal from routine clinical use reflects the obsolescence of oral cholecystography rather than safety concerns. Iopanoic acid offers safe, rapid and predictable T3 reduction as short-course rescue or bridging therapy in thyroid storm and refractory, iodine-unresponsive AIT, where it can be lifesaving. It is not recommended for straightforward thyrotoxicosis. We synthesize the evidence into a pragmatic, protocol-based framework and argue that reliable, appropriately governed sourcing is now the principal barrier to its use.

PMID 42870383
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PubMedIndian journal of psychological medicine2026-10-14

Sleep Disturbances in Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Scoping Review of Clinical Features, Impact and Interventions.

Ajanya Ak, Malhotra Shahzadi S, Arya Arvind K AK, Deb Diksha D

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by social-communication deficits, restricted-repetitive behaviors, and sensory anomalies. Sleep disturbances are reported to significantly worsen behavioral, cognitive, and family functioning in ASD. This scoping review aims to map existing evidence on the clinical features, impact, and interventions for sleep disturbances in children with ASD. A comprehensive literature review was conducted in accordance with PRISM-ScR guidelines, and searches were performed in PubMed, Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), Cochrane, Scopus, and Embase. Studies published from 2015 to August 31, 2025, were identified using combinations of the terms "Sleep disturbances," "ASD," "Prevalence," "Etiology," "Types," and "Intervention." Eligible studies included systematic reviews, meta-analyses, narrative reviews, randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and case series published in peer-reviewed English-language journals involving children and adolescents with ASD. The reviewed literature indicates multifactorial causes for sleep disturbances in ASD, including medical/psychiatric comorbidities and behavioral factors like sensory sensitivities and bedtime resistance. Common sleep problems include insomnia, circadian rhythm disorders, parasomnias, sleep-disordered breathing, and sleep-related movement disorders (SRMDs). These disturbances exacerbate core ASD symptoms, impair adaptive functioning, contribute to aggression, and increase parental stress. Reported interventions include caregiver education, behavioral strategies, pharmacological approaches, and management of comorbid sleep-related conditions. Sleep disturbances in children with ASD are highly prevalent, multifaceted, and clinically significant. Early identification and evidence-based, integrative interventions may improve sleep quality, behavioral outcomes, and overall family well-being. Future research should focus on longitudinal designs and objective sleep assessment methods to strengthen the evidence base.

PMID 42871201
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PubMedPrevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research2026-10-14

Structural Racism and Coalition Decision-Making: A Qualitative Study of Opioid Prevention and Treatment Implementation.

Lea Charles H CH, Chen Sadie S, Dasgupta Anindita A, Jadovich Elizabeth E et al.

Structural racism drives inequities in opioid use disorder, overdose, and treatment access. However, less is known about how it shapes coalition-led implementation of opioid prevention and treatment strategies. Using structural racism as a lens, this study examines how community coalition members described the selection and implementation of opioid-related evidence-based practices intended to reach racial and ethnic minoritized communities. This qualitative study used interview data from 355 coalition members involved in the HEALing Communities Study, a community-engaged, wait-listed, cluster-randomized implementation trial across four states. Interviews focused on coalition context and implementation of evidence-based practices. This secondary analysis examined a subset of data from Massachusetts, New York, and Ohio related to race, racism, coalition context, and intervention implementation. Analysis involved a thematic approach, drawing on PRISM/RE-AIM-informed code reports and emergent coding to identify patterns related to structural racism and implementation. Structural racism was applied as an interpretive lens. Three key themes emerged: (1) Culture over Structures, in which participants often explained inequities through community culture, mistrust, or individual attitudes rather than structural racism; (2) White Residential Homogeneity, in which local racial demographics were used to justify limited race-conscious action; (3) The Burden of Proof, in which missing or difficult-to-use data stalled equity-focused implementation. Some coalitions described strategies to address these barriers, including critical dialogue, inclusive hiring, targeted outreach, and partnerships with community and faith-based organizations. Coalition-led implementation may both mitigate and reproduce racial inequities. Policies and practices that support race-conscious, community-led implementation, equitable data systems, and diverse coalition leadership may strengthen opioid prevention and treatment efforts for racial and ethnic minoritized communities. Future research should examine how these dynamics differ across local contexts, including rural and urban communities.

PMID 42873416
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PubMedAnnals of Indian Academy of Neurology2026-10-14

Necrotizing Myopathies: A Myopathology Experience from a Single Tertiary Care Center.

Sivakumar Swetha S, Uppin Megha M, Shaik Reshma Sultana RS, Malladi Venkata Surya Subbalaxmi VSS et al.

Necrotizing myopathy (NM) is a rare inflammatory myopathy characterized by prominent necrosis and minimal to absent inflammation, arising from heterogeneous immune- and non-immune-mediated causes. Muscle biopsy aids diagnosis, especially in seronegative cases and those with overlapping presentations, helping to distinguish NM from other idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs). This tertiary center study examines the myopathologic spectrum in NM, correlating histopathologic findings with clinical features and autoantibody profiles. We studied the records and biopsies of 77 patients diagnosed with NM between June 2023 and December 2024. Clinical and myositis antibody data were obtained from the records. The biopsies underwent histologic evaluation, including enzyme histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests (GraphPad Prism 9.5.1) were used to assess features across etiologies. This study included 77 patients (median age, 51 years; M:F, 2.4:1) with a mean creatine phosphokinase of 21,230 IU/L. All presented with acute/subacute proximal weakness ( n = 77, 100%), while myalgias ( n = 20, 25%) and fever ( n = 17, 22%) were less common. Identified etiologies included statin-associated myopathy ( n = 19, 24.6%), infections ( n = 22, 28.5%), anti-signal recognition particle myopathy ( n = 7, 9%), anti-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase myopathy ( n = 4, 5.1%), others (overlap syndromes, alcohol-related myopathy, lipid storage myopathy, etc.), and idiopathic cases ( n = 15, 19.4%). Biopsy findings included scattered necrotic fibers ( n = 48, 62%), groups of necrotic fibers ( n = 29, 37.6%), fiber regeneration ( n = 52, 67.5%), perivascular inflammation ( n = 11, 14.2%), endomysial inflammation ( n = 4, 5.1%), and major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) expression that was diffuse positive ( n = 22, 28.5%), focal positive ( n = 26, 33.7%), or negative ( n = 19, 24.6%). MHC-I expression significantly discriminated among etiologies ( P = 0.0013), unlike patterns of necrosis or inflammation ( P > 0.20). NM encompasses diverse immune- and non-immune-mediated causes that share similar biopsy features, distinct from those of other inflammatory myopathies. Accurate diagnosis requires clinicoseropathologic correlation.

PMID 42873956
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