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CSF-G

✓ Approved

Dong-A ST · CSF3R · Recombinant Proteins

What is CSF-G?

CSF-G is a recombinant proteins developed by Dong-A ST. It is approved for therapeutic indications via injectable (others) or subcutaneous injection.

Drug Profile

CompanyDong-A ST
Drug ClassRecombinant Proteins
Molecular TargetCSF3R
RouteInjectable (Others), Subcutaneous Injection
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Dong-A ST

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

CSF-G acts on 1 molecular target:

CSF3Rcolony stimulating factor 3 receptor (CD114, GCSFR)
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Therapeutic Indications

CSF-G is developed for 1 unique indication across 1 therapeutic area.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Blood and lymphatic system disordersNeutropenia✓ Approved

Related Research Articles

PubMedNature communications2026-09-04

Non-invasive characterization of perivascular subarachnoid spaces.

Fultz Nina E NE, Ringstad Geir G, Debiasi Madda M, Roefs Emiel C A ECA et al.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is thought to facilitate brain waste clearance and immune surveillance, yet its compartmentalization remains unclear. Previous work, using invasive dynamic intrathecal MRI contrast imaging, identified a perivascular subarachnoid space (PVSAS) that enhances along the major cerebral arteries with a 'donut'-like appearance. These findings suggest that the PVSAS may be separated from the surrounding broader subarachnoid space (SAS) by a semipermeable perivascular membrane. To investigate if the PVSAS could be observed non-invasively in healthy controls, we used a magnetic resonance imaging technique, CSF-STREAM (CSF-Selective T2-prepared REadout with Acceleration and Mobility-encoding), that assesses CSF-mobility at a high spatial resolution by isolating CSF from blood and tissue signal. Here, we observe high CSF-mobility next to the vasculature, with a steep drop-off into the surrounding SAS around both the middle and anterior cerebral arteries, suggesting the presence of the PVSAS in healthy controls. We find that CSF dynamics may be more spatially distinct than previously thought, providing a possible foundation for understanding brain CSF patterns in health and disease.

PMID 42693113
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PubMedNature communications2026-09-04

Diagnostic performance of plasma pTau217 in genetically admixed South American populations.

Martino-Adami Pamela V PV, Coutinho de Alvarenga Joice J, Freccero Pilar P, Huber Hanna H et al.

Plasma pTau217 is a leading biomarker for Alzheimer's disease, but evidence from genetically admixed populations in low- and middle-income countries remains limited. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of pTau217 and pTau217/Aβ42 measured using Simoa technology in memory-clinic cohorts from Brazil (Cog-Aging-Study, n = 353) and Argentina (GeNED.ar, n = 134). Here we show that both biomarkers accurately identified cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-defined amyloid pathology in Cog-Aging-Study-Brazil and showed high concordance with clinical diagnosis across both cohorts. Classification performance was improved using two-cut-off approaches that account for diagnostic uncertainty. We further show that APOE-ε4, lower body mass index, and reduced kidney function were associated with higher pTau217 in Cog-Aging-Study-Brazil, whereas education also influenced biomarker levels in GeNED.ar-Argentina. African ancestry modified APOE-ε4 effect on CSF but not plasma biomarkers. These findings support the use of plasma pTau217-based biomarkers in genetically admixed South American populations and in settings with limited access to CSF testing and brain imaging.

PMID 42693124
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PubMedInfection and drug resistance2026-09-04

Fatal Tension Pneumocephalus Associated with Central Nervous System Infection Caused by an Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Harboring Hypervirulence-Associated Genes.

Zhu Xianyu X, Gao Ying Y, Zhang Jiayan J, Sun Lifeng L et al.

Central nervous system (CNS) infections caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae harboring hypervirulence-associated genes usually arise from metastatic dissemination from an extracranial focus. Cases lacking an overt extracranial source remain uncommon. Furthermore, the spontaneous development of tension pneumocephalus in this context is exceptionally rare. We report a fatal case of a 49-year-old female with a 40-year history of polycystic liver and kidney disease who presented with fulminant meningoencephalitis. Despite aggressive systemic meropenem therapy and neuroprotective measures, she developed refractory intracranial hypertension (780 mmH2O) and rapidly progressive tension pneumocephalus without evidence of neurotrauma or external anatomical breach. Blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cultures, alongside CSF metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS), identified an extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing K. pneumoniae. The isolate exhibited a hypermucoviscous phenotype and harbored multiple hypervirulence-associated genes (eg, rmpA, iucA, and iroB) alongside resistance determinants (CTX-M-15-like and AAC(6')-Ib-cr), supporting a probable convergent phenotype. The patient ultimately died from irreversible multiple organ dysfunction syndrome on day 7. The rapid evolution of tension pneumocephalus in this case highlights the potential for abrupt neurological deterioration in CNS infections associated with convergent K. pneumoniae phenotypes. While the exact etiology of intracranial gas is likely multifactorial, this case underscores the critical need to integrate phenotypic assays with molecular diagnostics to identify hypervirulence, while maintaining rigorous differential diagnoses for spontaneous pneumocephalus in the neurocritical care setting.

PMID 42694670
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PubMedFrontiers in immunology2026-09-04

Roles of IL-34 in neurological diseases: neuroprotection, inflammatory regulation, and myeloid plasticity.

Peng Yilong Y, Jin Chenyang C, Sun Yuewen Y, Mu Wenfeng W et al.

Interleukin-34 (IL-34) is a brain-enriched cytokine and a tissue-restricted ligand of colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R) that plays an important role in microglial development, survival, and functional specialization. A growing body of evidence indicates that IL-34 is dysregulated in both central and peripheral nervous system diseases and exerts pleiotropic effects not only through CSF-1R but also through non-canonical receptors, including TREM2, syndecan-1, and PTP-ζ. Under physiological conditions, IL-34 is constitutively produced predominantly by neurons across both the central and peripheral nervous systems. However, in pathological settings, its cellular sources expand dynamically: in CNS diseases, IL-34 is primarily derived from stressed neurons and reactive astrocytes, whereas in PNS disorders, it is robustly upregulated by injured sensory neurons, satellite glial cells, and reactive Schwann cells. IL-34 contributes to the regulation of resident glia in the CNS, while evidence from peripheral immune disorders suggests that it may also influence infiltrating myeloid-cell adaptation under pathological conditions. In this review, we highlight the multiple effects of IL-34 and its receptor network on CNS-resident, peripheral glial, and peripheral immune cells, with particular attention to the available data supporting its dual role in neuroprotection and inflammatory amplification. We synthesize recent findings regarding IL-34's role in myeloid reprogramming, particularly in orchestrating transcriptional and functional phenotypic shifts. While current literature provides evidence linking IL-34 to these transcriptional changes, its contribution to metabolic and epigenetic remodeling remains an emerging field. Furthermore, our findings summarized in this manuscript may help evaluate whether targeting IL-34-related pathways can be exploited for therapeutic intervention in neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative, cerebrovascular, and peripheral nerve pathologies.

PMID 42694581
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PubMedInternational journal of food science2026-09-04

Effect of Olive Fruit Paste on the Physicochemical Characteristics, Antioxidant Potential, Shelf Stability, and Sensorial Quality of Cheddar-Type Cheese.

Mahmood Munahil M, Qureshi Tahir Mahmood TM, Ishfaq Mehrooz M, Bilal Rana Muhammad RM et al.

The present study investigated the effect of varying concentrations of olive fruit paste on the physicochemical characteristics, antioxidant potential, shelf stability, and sensory evaluation of Cheddar cheese during storage (0-2 months, 4°C). Olive fruit paste was incorporated at different percentages (0%, 1.5%, 3%, 4.5%, and 6%), whereas date fruit paste (6%) was also added in all the treatments except T0- (without olive fruit paste and date fruit paste). The pH, ash content (%), titratable acidity (%), crude fiber (%), fat content (%), and moisture content (%) of Cheddar cheese showed significant (p < 0.05) variations among the treatments during storage. Freshly prepared Cheddar cheese supplemented with 6% olive fruit paste (T4) showed the highest phenolic contents (442.47 mg/100 g GAE), total flavonoid contents (189.13 mg/100 g QE), DPPH activity (792.73 mg/100 g AAE), and FRAP activity (405.27 mg/100 g AAE). The antioxidant potential of all prepared Cheddar cheeses increased up to the 1st month of storage and then decreased after 2 months. Cheddar cheese supplemented with olive fruit paste showed a decreasing trend of total phenolics, total flavonoids, FRAP activity, and DPPH activity, whereas control cheese samples (without olive fruit paste, T0- and T0+) showed an increasing trend of antioxidant potential throughout the storage (0-2 months). The maximum total plate counts (2.2 × 104 CFU/g) and Y&M counts (1.2 × 101 CFU/g) were found in T0+ (control cheese), whereas the minimum TPC (1.72 × 104 CFU/g) and Y&M counts (6.6 × 101 CFU/g) were also observed in T0- after 2 months of storage. Furthermore, the sensorial properties of Cheddar cheese regarding appearance, texture, and overall acceptability decreased with the addition of olive fruit paste, whereas the flavor of Cheddar cheese was enhanced after supplementation with olive fruit paste. Based on the findings, it was concluded that freshly prepared Cheddar cheese supplemented with olive fruit paste would be nutritious and healthy due to greater antioxidant activity compared with the control cheese samples (without olive fruit paste, T0- and T0+). Antioxidant potential, shelf stability, and sensorial quality of Cheddar cheese supplemented with olive fruit paste decreased after 2 months of storage period.

PMID 42694329
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PubMedFrontiers in oncology2026-09-04

Age and CIRS-G for risk stratification in elderly esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients receiving definitive chemoradiotherapy.

Li Mingyu M, Zhang Bo B, Hao Jianping J, Song Guoming G et al.

To identify prognostic factors in elderly squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients receiving definitive chemoradiotherapy (dCRT) and construct a prognostic risk stratification model for identifying high-risk subgroups among elderly patients. ESCC patients aged ≥ge years receiving dCRT were enrolled. Baseline Cumulative Illness Rating Scale-Geriatrics (CIRS-G), Geriatric Nutrition Risk Index (GNRI), Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII), clinical characteristics and adverse events were collected. Cox regression identified independent prognostic factors, with proportional hazards assessed by Schoenfeld residual tests and 95% confidence intervals validated by 1000 bootstrap resamples. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) curves evaluated potential cutoff values. Survival was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method and compared by log-rank test. 88 patients were enrolled. Multivariate analysis identified age (HR 1.047, 95% CI 1.000-1.095) and CIRS-G (HR 1.179, 95% CI 1.014-1.376) as independent predictors of OS, whereas GNRI (HR 0.964, 95% CI 0.932-0.995) independently predicted PFS. Schoenfeld tests confirmed proportional hazards (all P > 0.05), with bootstrap resampling supporting coefficient stability. Cutoffs were set at 75 years for age, 7 for CIRS-G, and 98 for GNRI. A prognostic score combining age and CIRS-G stratified patients into low-risk (0-1) and high-risk (2) groups, with high-risk patients showing significantly inferior OS. GNRI ≥98 correlated with prolonged PFS versus <98. The high-risk group had higher neutropenia/leukopenia (15.0% vs. 6.3%) and pneumonitis (5.0% vs. 2.1%), with exclusive thrombocytopenia/anemia (2.5% each). A composite risk score (age ≥75 years plus CIRS-G ≥7) identified a high-risk subgroup with poor OS. The optimal therapeutic strategy for this subgroup warrants prospective interventional trials.

PMID 42694221
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