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chlormadinone acetate + ethinyl estradiol (Balianca / Belara / CG5025)

✓ Approved

Faes · AR · Small Molecule

What is chlormadinone acetate + ethinyl estradiol?

chlormadinone acetate + ethinyl estradiol is a small molecule developed by Faes. It is approved for therapeutic indications via oral (po).

Drug Profile

Brand NamesBalianca, Belara, CG5025
CompanyFaes
Drug ClassSmall Molecule
Molecular TargetAR, ESR1
RouteOral (PO)
StatusApproved
Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, Faes

Mechanism of Action

Molecular Targets

chlormadinone acetate + ethinyl estradiol acts on 2 molecular targets:

ARandrogen receptor (TFM, NR3C4)
ESR1estrogen receptor 1 (ESR, ESTRR)
Want deeper analysis?Noah AI can explain complex mechanisms and compare to similar drugs.

Therapeutic Indications

chlormadinone acetate + ethinyl estradiol is developed for 2 unique indications across 2 therapeutic areas.

Therapeutic AreaConditionPhase
Reproductive system and breast disordersPolycystic ovaries✓ Approved
Endocrine disordersPolycystic ovarian syndrome✓ Approved

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Perinatal nicotine use is common despite well-documented adverse consequences. We examined associations between reproductive-related hormones with nicotine craving and use during the perinatal period to identify potential novel intervention points. All participants reported use of nicotine during the perinatal period. Participants were enrolled at gestational week ≥ 36 and followed to postpartum week 12 via daily surveys (i.e., nicotine craving via 100-point scale, dichotomous use) and weekly hormone measurement in saliva (cortisol, oxytocin) or dried blood spots (progesterone, estradiol, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate). Bayesian mixed-effects models accounted for within-person correlation while estimating hormone effects. Participants (n = 46) were 28.9 ± 4.9 years old. During follow-up, exclusive combustible cigarettes (n = 20), electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS; n = 13), or dual (n = 2) use was observed, with variability in use and craving across participants and over time. During pregnancy, higher oxytocin was linked to greater craving (β=16.31, 95% CI: 3.71, 28.83). Greater peripartum declines in oxytocin were associated with more craving (β=8.71, 95% CI: 0.75, 16.93) and use (β=1.13, 95% CI: 0.05, 2.43). During postpartum, lower estradiol was linked to more craving (β=-1.17, 95% CI: -2.15, -0.18) and use (β=-0.40, 95% CI: -0.76, -0.03). In models simultaneously evaluating all postpartum hormones, the lone meaningful association was between estradiol and craving (β=-1.66, 95% CI: -2.84, -0.48). The results of this study suggest that oxytocin and estradiol may contribute to the risk of perinatal nicotine use. Additional research is needed to replicate our observations in more diverse study samples and explore implications for clinical intervention.

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The determination of trace-level semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) following EPA Method 8270 traditionally relies on manual liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) using large volumes of dichloromethane (DCM). However, recent 2024 TSCA regulations restricting DCM due to human health risks necessitate sustainable analytical alternatives. This study presents a fully automated, miniaturized LLE (micro-LLE) method for 170 analytes including EPA 8270 targets and multi-class pesticides (organochlorine (OCPs), organophosphorus (OPPs) and organonitrogen (ONPs) pesticides and pyrethroids). The workflow utilizes a TriPlus RSH SMART autosampler to integrate standard preparation, surrogate spiking, and extraction with on-line GC-MS/MS injection. Ethyl acetate was validated as a "green" alternative to DCM, with a 1:1 NaCl:MgSO₄ salt mixture optimizing the salting-out effect. This procedure achieved a tenfold enrichment factor using only 1.5 mL of solvent for 10 mL of sample. Method validation showed excellent linearity (R2> 0.995 for 70% of analytes) and precision (RSD < 15%). Method limits of quantification (MLOQs) between 0.05 and 10 µg/L meet stringent regulatory requirements. The method's robustness was confirmed through real-world Saharan deposition samples, identifying high levels of Phenothrin (211 ppb) and Endosulfan ether (140 ppb). This robotic workflow provides a high-throughput, sustainable solution for modern environmental monitoring.

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Regulation of skeletal muscle glucose uptake is an effective strategy for reducing postprandial hyperglycemia and improving whole-body glucose homeostasis in the management of type 2 diabetes. The present study investigated that cardamom enhances glucose uptake in skeletal muscle in vitro and improves glucose tolerance in vivo. Bioactivity-guided fractionation of cardamom identified an ethyl acetate fraction (Fr. A) and its subfraction (Fr. A-i) as potent stimulators of glucose uptake in L6 myotubes. Both fractions significantly promoted glucose uptake by enhancing glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) translocation to the plasma membrane. Mechanistic investigations revealed activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway, accompanied by increased phosphorylation of Akt substrate of 160 kDa (AS160), a key regulator of GLUT4 vesicle trafficking, while no significant changes were observed in insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) or AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation. Fr. A induced a more pronounced effect on AS160 phosphorylation and was therefore selected for further evaluation. The antihyperglycemic potential of Fr. A was assessed in ICR mice using an oral glucose tolerance test. Oral administration of Fr. A (1 and 10 mg/kg body weight) significantly improved glucose tolerance and alleviated postprandial hyperglycemia. Cardamom in skeletal muscle and highlights its potential as a natural therapeutic candidate for the management of postprandial hyperglycemia.

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Wang Jiale J, Liu Hao H, Huang Yun Y, Zhu Xianqing X et al.

Bacteria can convert CO2 into acetate and ethanol via the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway with H2 as an electron donor, providing a green route for renewable energy production. However, the low solubility of H2 in water limits conversion efficiency. Although in semi-artificial biohybrid systems such as InP-based systems, photogenerated electrons can replace H2 as an alternative driving force, rapid electron-hole recombination limits carbon fixation efficiency. In this work, CQDs were introduced to construct a CQDs/InP composite to facilitate carrier separation and interfacial electron transfer, forming a CQDs/InP@bacteria biohybrid system. Compared with pure InP, CQDs/InP showed a 78.3% reduction in interfacial charge transfer resistance and a 1.95-fold increase in photocurrent. Metabolomic analysis further revealed that key intermediates involved in intracellular respiration and ATP synthesis, such as succinic acid and fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, were downregulated by 23% and 21.35%, respectively, indicating that the input of external electrons enabled the biohybrid system to effectively reduce the bacterial dependence on intracellular catabolic energy production. Consequently, the CQDs/InP@bacteria biohybrid system under 450 nm blue light achieved acetate and ethanol production of 0.70 and 0.24 g·L-1, respectively, representing increases of 114.46% and 126.98% over the pure bacterial system, with an apparent quantum yield of 1.76%, indicating improved light-to-chemical energy conversion efficiency. This work effectively enhances interfacial electron transfer in InP-based systems and promotes light-driven CO2 fixation and chemical production in non-photosynthetic bacteria, providing a pathway for constructing efficient semi-artificial photosynthetic microbial CO2 conversion systems.

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Gaur Ashwani A, Patel Urvesh U, Gavali Ashutosh A, Sekar Sasikumar S et al.

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